ENDOMETRIOZĖ: EPIDEMIOLOGIJA, RIZIKOS VEIKSNIAI, PATOFIZIOLOGIJA IR KLINIKINIAI SIMPTOMAI

Martynas Čiuplinskas
In: Health Sciences · 2022 · vol. 5(32) , pp. 96–97 · doi:10.35988/sm-hs.2022.198 · W4291144946
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-09 ⓘ

Endometriosis, a common condition affecting 10% of reproductive-aged women, is characterized by ectopic endometrial tissue growth causing pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, heavy bleeding, and infertility.

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This paper is a narrative/systematic review analyzing evidence on endometriosis epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, and clinical symptoms using searches in PubMed, Google Scholar, UpToDate, and Cochrane. It reports that about 10% of reproductive-age women are affected, with higher prevalence in specific symptomatic groups, and that risk is associated with longer time without pregnancy, prolonged endogenous estrogen exposure, late menopause, short menstrual cycles, heavy bleeding, low BMI, childhood physical/sexual abuse, and trans unsaturated fat intake, while it also notes a limitation that exact prevalence is hard to estimate because some cases are asymptomatic and confirmation may require surgery. It describes multifactorial pathogenesis involving ectopic endometrial implantation, altered immunity, dysregulated proliferation vs apoptosis, hormonal signaling, and genetic associations, and summarizes common symptoms as pelvic/abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, heavy menstrual bleeding, and infertility. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it focuses on its epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, and clinical symptoms.

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Abstract

Endometriozė yra dažna gerybinė uždegiminė gine­kologinė liga, kuri pasireiškia endometriumo liaukų ir stromos židinių buvimu už gimdos ertmės ribų. Apie 10 proc. reprodukcinio amžiaus moterų serga endome­trioze. Endometriozės išsivystymo riziką didina ilgas laikas be nėštumo, pailgėjęs endogeninio estrogeno po­veikis (ankstyva menarchė), vėlyva menopauzė, trumpi menstruaciniai ciklai (<27 dienos), gausus menstruacinis kraujavimas, mažas kūno masės indeksas, patirtas fizi­nis ar seksualinis smurtas vaikystėje ir transnesočiųjų riebalų rūgščių vartojimas. Endometriozė išsivysto, kai ektopinės endometriumo ląstelės implantuojasi į kitus audinius, auga ir sukelia uždegiminį atsaką. Moterys, sergančios endometrioze, dažniausiai kenčia nuo dubens ir pilvo skausmų, dismenorėjos, dispareunijos, gausaus kraujavimo menstruacijų metu ir nevaisingumo.
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Keywords

endometriosis, pathophysiology, dysmenorrhea, infertility. Summary Endometriosis is a common inflammatory benign gynecolo - gic disease which presents as endometrial glands and stroma oc - curing outside of the uterine cavity. Around 10% of reproductive age women are affected by this disease. Risk factors include lon - ger nulliparity, extended exposure to endogenous estrogen, short menstrual cycles, late menopause, heavy menstrual bleeding, phy- sical or sexual abuse in childhood, low body mass index and con- sumption of trans unsaturated fat. Endometriosis develops when ectopical endometrial cells implant, grow and initiate an inflam - matory process. Women with endometriosis suffer from abdomi- nal and pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, heavy menstrual bleeding and infertility.

Conclusions

1. Around 10% of reproductive age women are affected by this disease. 2. The most significant risk factors are longer nulliparity, extended exposure to endogenous estrogen, short menstrual cycles, late menopause, heavy menstrual bleeding. 3. Pathogenesis is multifactorial and is associated with ectopic en- dometrial tissue, altered immunity, disbalance between cell pro - liferation and apoptosis, aberrant endocrine signaling and genetic factors. 4. Women with endometriosis suffer from abdominal and pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, heavy menstrual bleeding and infertility. Correspondence to: [email protected] Gauta 2022-01-25

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