Dienogest per la terapia medica dell’endometriosi
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Abstract
{ITA} Il management dell’endometriosi nel lungo periodo e un importante obiettivo per il ginecologo poiche questa malattia, in assenza di un efficace trattamento, comporta un dolore pelvico persistente e ingravescente con conseguente peggioramento della qualita della vita della donna. A questo scopo, la terapia medica, oltre a valida alternativa alla chirurgia, trova indicazione nel trattamento adiuvante a lungo termine e nella terapia delle recidive post-chirurgiche. Il Dienogest, che combina le proprieta dei 19-nortesterone-derivati con quelle del progesterone, rappresenta tra i progestinici per os un composto con elevata selettivita per i recettori del progesterone, dotato di un potente effetto progestogenico sull’endometrio. L’efficacia nel trattamento dell’endometriosi dipenderebbe infatti dalla capacita di Dienogest di creare un ambiente ipoestrogenico e iperprogestogenico che provoca prima la decidualizzazione del tessuto endometriale ectopico e successivamente, prolungando il trattamento, l’atrofia delle lesioni. Studi clinici mettono in evidenza come Dienogest al dosaggio di 2 mg/die sia in grado di ridurre progressivamente il dolore pelvico cronico nelle pazienti con endometriosi, mantenendo questo effetto benefico oltre il periodo di trattamento. Studi clinici a lungo-termine hanno inoltre evidenziato un profilo di efficacia, sicurezza e tollerabilita di questo farmaco nel lungo periodo, gravato da modesti e controllabili effetti collaterali. {ENG} Long-term management of endometriosis represents an important target for the gynecologist since this disease induces chronic pelvic pain with a worsening of the women’s quality of life. For this porpouse, medical therapy is considered, besides an alternative of surgery, a valid long-term treatment after laparoscopy and for the management of disease recurrences. Dienogest, that combines 19-nortestosterone derivative’s characteristics with the properties of progesterone, represents, among oral progestins, a compound with high affinity for progesterone’s receptors and a powerful progestogenic effect on the endometrium. The efficacy of Dienogest in the endometriosis seems to be in the Dienogest ability to induce an ipoestrogenic and iperprogestogenic environment that produce, on the begin, the decidualization of the ectopic endometrial tissue, later, extending the treatment, the lesions’ atrophy. Several clinical studies show how Dienogest, on the dose of 2 mg a day, is able to progressively reduce the chronic pelvic pain in the endometriosis’ patients, keeping this result further the treatment’s period. Long-term studies underline an efficacy, safety and tollerbility profile of Dienogest during its continuative use, with few and well-controlled side effects.
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