Hypoxia-induced upregulation of hsa-miR-584-3p suppresses endometrial glandular epithelial cell function by targeting DKK-1

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of hypoxia on microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in endometrial glandular epithelial cells (EECs) and elucidate potential mechanisms underlying proliferation, migration, and invasion. METHODS: EECs in the logarithmic growth phase were exposed to normoxic (21% oxygen) and hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions. MiRNA expression profiles were analyzed using RNA sequencing, and differential expression of hsa-miR-584-3p was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Target prediction through TargetScan identified Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) as a target gene of hsa-miR-584-3p. The interaction between hsa-miR-584-3p and DKK-1 was validated through a double-luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blotting. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell invasion assay, respectively. RESULTS: Hypoxic conditions significantly upregulated the expression of hsa-miR-584-3p in EECs (P<0.001). TargetScan analysis predicted DKK-1 as a downstream target of hsa-miR-584-3p. The double-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the binding of hsa-miR-584-3p to the 3' untranslated region of the DKK-1 gene, leading to reduced DKK-1 protein expression (P<0.001). Functional assays demonstrated decreased proliferation and increased migration and invasion of EECs under hypoxia. CONCLUSION: Hypoxia-induced upregulation of hsa-miR-584-3p suppresses the function of EECs by targeting DKK-1 protein activity, thereby influencing their proliferation, migration, and invasion.