Prevalence Along with Diagnostic Modalities and Treatment of Female Infertility Due to Female Genital Disorders

Freeha Naeem
In: Virology & Immunology Journal · 2020 · vol. 4(3) , pp. 1–6 · doi:10.23880/vij-16000249 · W4294608974
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⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite, 2026-07-08 ⓘ

This study investigated female infertility causes, finding PCOS prevalent in Sialkot city, with ultrasonography and endocrine tests as primary diagnostic methods, and medical treatments like anti-obesity drugs and oral contraceptives commonly prescribed.

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Abstract

Infertility is a communal pathological ailment now-a-days worldwide and approximately females are mostly suffering from this condition. In previous studies, out of 2.4 million married couples have females in between the ages from 15-44 year; 1.0 million couples were suffering from primary infertility and 1.4 million couples had secondary infertility. The infertility causes are ovulatory factors, dietary factors, psychological factors, abnormal endocrine functions, fallopian tube disorders etc. PCOS, PIDs, endometriosis. The ultrasonography is the most powerful tool for diagnosis. The treatment involves medical, surgical and assisted reproduction. Medical treatment includes clomiphene, metformin, iron & folic acid supplements along with oralcontraceptives. Surgical treatment is operative laparoscopy and assisted reproduction is achieved by IVF, GIFT & IUI etc. It is concluded from the study that the percentage prevalence of female infertility among ages was higher in age group (25-34) years (76%) and it was mostly secondary infertility (54%). The main pathological factor of female infertility in Sialkot city was PCOS, which was 52% of evaluated patients. Commonly used diagnostic tools were ultrasonography with prevalence of 100% and endocrine tests (72%). In prescription trend, anti-obesity drugs, anti-oestrogen drugs and oral-contraceptives were commonly prescribed and other treatment interventions were also seen in few patients.

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endometriosisinfertility

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