ORAL GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE ANTAGONISTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ENDOMETRIOSIS-ASSOCIATED PAIN: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CLINICAL EFFICACY, SAFETY AND SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT

Maria Kurt, Norbert Gromadzki, Grzegorz Jałoszyński, Sebastian Konecki, Oliwia Marciniak, Natalia Bylak, Bruno Grau Makowski, Maciej Makarewicz, Marcin Patryk Barbachowski, Anna Gwizdek, Dawid Szczepański
In: International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · 2026 · vol. 2(1(49)) · doi:10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.4988 · W7139972405
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This review synthesizes clinical data on oral GnRH antagonists for endometriosis-associated pain, evaluating their efficacy, safety, and socioeconomic impact on patients.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This comprehensive review evaluates oral non-peptide GnRH antagonists—elagolix, relugolix, and linzagolix—for endometriosis-associated pain, synthesizing evidence from major clinical trials (ELARIS, SPIRIT, and SELECT) and related studies on hormonal add-back therapy. It reports that hormonal add-back therapy is an important component for long-term management by helping preserve bone mineral density while maintaining pain suppression, alongside trial findings on clinical efficacy and safety and discussion of patient-reported and socioeconomic impacts such as work productivity and quality of life. The review’s limitations are that it is a narrative synthesis of selected trials and does not provide new primary data, and it frames outcomes through the evidence available in those studies. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically, it reviews the clinical efficacy, safety, and socioeconomic impact of oral GnRH antagonists (elagolix, relugolix, linzagolix) for endometriosis-associated pain.

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Abstract

Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent inflammatory disorder that affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age, resulting in chronic pelvic pain and infertility. The principal clinical challenge is the management of endometriosis-associated pain (EAP), which substantially impairs quality of life and professional productivity. Conventional pharmacological treatments frequently provide inadequate relief or are constrained by significant adverse effects. Elagolix, relugolix, and linzagolix represent a newly developed class of oral non-peptide GnRH antagonists that have recently expanded the therapeutic landscape. Recent studies underscore the essential role of hormonal add-back therapy (ABT) in facilitating long-term management by preserving bone mineral density while suppressing pain. This review synthesizes current clinical data from major trials (ELARIS, SPIRIT, and SELECT) to evaluate the efficacy of these agents and examines their socio-technological impact, specifically how they reduce the socioeconomic burden of the disease and enhance patient autonomy and quality of life.

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endometriosischronic_pelvic_paininfertility

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last seen: 2026-06-13T21:02:56.643947+00:00
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