Evaluation of Factors Associated with Endometriosis and Clinical Treatments in Bangladesh: Case-control study (Preprint)

Afsana Afrose, Munima Haque, Nusrat Mahud, Jannatun Noor
2025 · doi:10.2196/preprints.79045 · W4411300253
preprint OA: closed CC0
Full text JSON View on OpenAlex View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated deep summary by qwen3.7-flash, 2026-09-11 · read from full text ⓘ

This case-control study evaluated factors associated with endometriosis and clinical treatments among 162 women in Bangladesh, comprising 82 cases confirmed via laparoscopy or transvaginal ultrasound and 80 controls. The results indicated that higher age, specific marital statuses, elevated BMI, infertility, thyroid imbalance, irregular menstruation, and early menarche were significantly associated with the condition. Transvaginal ultrasound was identified as the most frequent diagnostic tool, while nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors represented the most common medical treatment modality among the participants. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically examining epidemiological risk factors and management practices within a Bangladeshi population.

Read from the paper's body, not the abstract. Not a substitute for reading the paper. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a gynecological condition that involves the implantation of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. About 1.2 million women are suffering from this disease in Bangladesh OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the factors associated with endometriosis, symptoms, and clinical treatment in Bangladesh. METHODS In this case-control study, out of 162 women, 82 had endometriosis confirmed with laparoscopy/ transvaginal ultrasound and 80 were included in the control group with normal pelvic ultrasound. All were asked to fill out a questionnaire containing demographics, reproductive, and menstrual status. Comparisons between the two groups were done using an Independent t-test, Chi-square test and logistic regression model. P-value < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The prevalence of endometriosis was higher with, age 25.78 ± 5.36 (P = .01), marital status, and BMI (P < .05). The most common symptoms were dysmenorrhea, excessive bleeding, cramping etc. Infertility (OR:2.21; %95CI: 1.07–4.53; P = .03), thyroid imbalance (OR:3.44; %95CI: 1.47–8.03; P = .004), irregular menstruation (OR:5.76; %95CI: 2.12–15.60; P = .001), age at menarche (OR:2.54; %95CI: 1.04–6.21; P = .04) were the factor that associated with endometriosis. Endometriosis was diagnosed most frequently by TVS (transvaginal ultrasound) at 45.1%, NSAI (nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors) at 22.8% was the most commonly utilized medicine, and 17.9% of patients undergo laparoscopy for surgical treatment CONCLUSIONS This study identified several factors significantly associated with endometriosis among infertile women in Bangladesh. The prevalence of endometriosis was notably higher among women with increased age, specific marital statuses, and elevated BMI. Common symptoms included dysmenorrhea, excessive bleeding, and cramping. Key associated factors were infertility, thyroid imbalance, irregular menstruation and early age at menarche. Transvaginal ultrasound emerged as the most frequently used diagnostic method, while nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors were the most common form of medical treatment. These findings emphasize the importance of early screening and targeted interventions, as well as the need to enhance clinical awareness and access to care for women at risk of endometriosis.
Full text 5,066 characters · extracted from oa-doi-fallback · 5 sections · click to expand

Abstract

Background: Endometriosis is a gynecological condition that involves the implantation of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. About 1.2 million women are suffering from this disease in Bangladesh

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors associated with endometriosis, symptoms, and clinical treatment in Bangladesh.

Methods

In this case-control study, out of 162 women, 82 had endometriosis confirmed with laparoscopy/ transvaginal ultrasound and 80 were included in the control group with normal pelvic ultrasound. All were asked to fill out a questionnaire containing demographics, reproductive, and menstrual status. Comparisons between the two groups were done using an Independent t-test, Chi-square test and logistic regression model. P-value < .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The prevalence of endometriosis was higher with, age 25.78 ± 5.36 (P = .01), marital status, and BMI (P < .05). The most common symptoms were dysmenorrhea, excessive bleeding, cramping etc. Infertility (OR:2.21; %95CI: 1.07–4.53; P = .03), thyroid imbalance (OR:3.44; %95CI: 1.47–8.03; P = .004), irregular menstruation (OR:5.76; %95CI: 2.12–15.60; P = .001), age at menarche (OR:2.54; %95CI: 1.04–6.21; P = .04) were the factor that associated with endometriosis. Endometriosis was diagnosed most frequently by TVS (transvaginal ultrasound) at 45.1%, NSAI (nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors) at 22.8% was the most commonly utilized medicine, and 17.9% of patients undergo laparoscopy for surgical treatment

Conclusions

This study identified several factors significantly associated with endometriosis among infertile women in Bangladesh. The prevalence of endometriosis was notably higher among women with increased age, specific marital statuses, and elevated BMI. Common symptoms included dysmenorrhea, excessive bleeding, and cramping. Key associated factors were infertility, thyroid imbalance, irregular menstruation and early age at menarche. Transvaginal ultrasound emerged as the most frequently used diagnostic method, while nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors were the most common form of medical treatment. These findings emphasize the importance of early screening and targeted interventions, as well as the need to enhance clinical awareness and access to care for women at risk of endometriosis. Citation Request queued. Please wait while the file is being generated. It may take some time. Copyright © The authors. All rights reserved. This is a privileged document currently under peer-review/community review (or an accepted/rejected manuscript). Authors have provided JMIR Publications with an exclusive license to publish this preprint on it's website for review and ahead-of-print citation purposes only. While the final peer-reviewed paper may be licensed under a cc-by license on publication, at this stage authors and publisher expressively prohibit redistribution of this draft paper other than for review purposes.

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

⚙ Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: oa-doi-fallback ⓘ

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Condition tags

endometriosisdysmenorrheainfertility

Citation neighborhood (no data yet)

We don't have any in-corpus citations linked to this paper yet. This is a recent paper (2025) — citers typically take a year or two to land, and the OpenAlex reference graph may still be filling in.

Source provenance

openalex
last seen: 2026-06-04T00:00:01.174412+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK