A rare presentation of rectal endometriosis

Arnab Mohanty, Debarghya Chatterjee
In: International Surgery Journal · 2021 · vol. 8(3) , pp. 1066 · doi:10.18203/2349-2902.isj20210953 · W3135313617
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⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This paper describes a rare case of rectal endometriosis, a condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, noting that cyclical hematochezia is a definitive but uncommon symptom and colonoscopy has a poor diagnostic yield.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-09 · read from full text ⓘ

This paper describes a rare presentation of rectal endometriosis, framing it within the broader context that endometriosis can occur without obvious pelvic disease and commonly involves the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the rectosigmoid and rectum. The authors highlight that while cyclical hematochezia is a definitive but rare association of intestinal endometriosis, establishing a diagnosis can be difficult, in part due to limited diagnostic yield of colonoscopy. A major caveat noted is that diagnosis of colonic endometriosis is challenging despite its clinical relevance, and the paper emphasizes diagnostic difficulty rather than presenting large-scale data. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically a rare case presentation of rectal endometriosis.

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Abstract

Endometriosis is the ectopic growth of viable endometrium outside the uterus, affecting approximately 7% women. It can occur in the absence of visible pelvic disease. Most common sites are gastrointestinal and urinary tract. Common sites of involvement are rectosigmoid (51%), appendix (15%), small bowel (14%), rectum (14%), cecum and colon (5%). Cyclical hematochezia is a definitive, but rare association of intestinal endometriosis. The diagnosis of colonic endometriosis is also difficult owing to the poor diagnostic yield of colonoscopy.
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A rare presentation of rectal endometriosis DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20210953Keywords: Rectal endometriosis, Perforation peritonitis, PerimenopausalAbstract Endometriosis is the ectopic growth of viable endometrium outside the uterus, affecting approximately 7% women. It can occur in the absence of visible pelvic disease. Most common sites are gastrointestinal and urinary tract. Common sites of involvement are rectosigmoid (51%), appendix (15%), small bowel (14%), rectum (14%), cecum and colon (5%). Cyclical hematochezia is a definitive, but rare association of intestinal endometriosis. The diagnosis of colonic endometriosis is also difficult owing to the poor diagnostic yield of colonoscopy. Metrics References Garg NK, Bagul NB, Doughan S, Rowe PH. Intestinal endometriosis-a rare cause of colonic perforation. World journal of gastroenterology. WJG. 2009;15(5):612. Jiang W, Roma AA, Lai K, Carver P, Xiao SY, Liu X. Endometriosis involving the mucosa of the intestinal tract: a clinicopathologic study of 15 cases. Modern pathology. 2013;26(9):1270-8. Badipatla KR, Vupputuri A, Niazi M, Blaise MN, Nayudu SK. Colonic endometriosis: dig deeper for diagnosis. Gastroenterology Research. 2017;10(1):59. Maggiore LRU, Ferrero S, Mangili G, Bergamini A, Inversetti A, Giorgione V, Vigano P, Candiani M. A systematic review on endometriosis during pregnancy: diagnosis, misdiagnosis, complications and outcomes. Human reproduction update. 2016;22(1):70-103. Nasim H, Sikafi D, Nasr A. Sigmoid endometriosis and a diagnostic dilemma–A case report and literature review. International journal of surgery case reports. 2011;2(7):181-4. Jinushi M, Arakawa A, Matsumoto T, Kumakiri J, Kitade M, Kikuchi I, Sakamoto K, Takeda S. Histopathologic analysis of intestinal endometriosis after laparoscopic low anterior resection. Journal of minimally invasive gynecology. 2011;18(1):48-53. Yue Z. Bowel endometriosis: an overview. J Gastroint Dig Syst. 2014;4(186):2. Thanassery RB, Sinha SK, Yadav TD, Galle AD, Vaiphei K, Singh K. Endometriosis causing small bowel obstruction. Tropical Gastroenterology. 2014;34(3):188-91.

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endometriosis

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