Risk Factors for Endometrial Hyperplasia Concomitant Endometrial Polyps in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women

Hasan Onur Topçu, Hasan Onur Topcu, Salim Erkaya, Ali Irfan Guzel, Ali İrfan Güzel, Mahmut Kuntay Kokanali, Mahmut Kuntay Kokanalı, Esma Sarikaya, Esma Sarıkaya, Kamil Hakan Muftuoglu, Kamil Hakan Müftüoğlu, Melike Doganay, Melike Doğanay
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2014 · vol. 15(13) , pp. 5423–5425 · doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.13.5423 · PMID:25041012 · W2099039949
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This retrospective study identified menopausal status and diabetes mellitus as independent risk factors for concomitant endometrial polyps and endometrial hyperplasia in women undergoing endometrial sampling.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-16 · read from full text ⓘ

This paper evaluated risk factors associated with endometrial hyperplasia occurring together with endometrial polyps in women before and after menopause, using retrospective clinical and clinicopathologic data to compare characteristics across groups. The main reported finding was that specific factors—particularly advancing age/post-menopausal status and metabolic comorbidities such as obesity and hypertension—were linked with a higher likelihood of concomitant premalignant or malignant endometrial disease in the setting of polyps. A key limitation is that the analysis was based on observational, clinicopathologic associations rather than prospective mechanistic testing, so causal relationships cannot be established. Relevance to endometriosis: it is included in the corpus via a keyword match related to gynecologic hormone-driven endometrial pathology, though the paper itself does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis.

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Abstract

PURPOSE: To evaluate the risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia concomitant endometrial polyps in pre- and post-menopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 203 patients undergoing endometrial sampling before hysterectomy were evaluated in this retrospective study. Data recorded were age, gravidity, parity, body mass index (BMI: weight(kg)/height(m)2), endometrial thickness (ET), menopausal status, presence of adenomyosis and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: Endometrial hyperplasia and polyps were detected in 13 patients. There were statistically significant differences in terms of age, menopausal status, morbid obesity and diabetes mellitus (p<0.005). Logistic regression demonstrated that menopausal status and presence of diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: According to the current study; menopause and diabetes mellitus are strong risk factors for the presence of concomitant endometrial polyps and endometrial hyperplasia.
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References - Acmaz G, Aksoy H, Albayrak E, et al (2014). Evaluation of endometrial precancerous lesions in postmenopausal obese women-a high riskgroup? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 195-198. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.1.195 - Balik G, Kagitci M, Ustuner I, et al (2013). Which endometrial pathologies need intraoperative frozen sections? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 6121-6125. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.10.6121 - Costa-Paiva L, Godoy CE Jr, Antunes A Jr, et al (2011). Risk of malignancy in endometrial polyps in premenopausal andpostmenopausal women according to clinicopathologic characteristics. Menopause, 18, 1278-82. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e31821e23a1 - de Carvalho S, Campaner AB, Lima SM, et al (2011). Differential expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in endometrial polyps andadjacent endometrium in postmenopausal women. Anal Quant Cytol Histol, 33, 61-67. - Hileeto D, Fadare O, Martel M, et al (2005). Age dependent association of endometrial polyps with increased risk of cancer involvement. World J Surg Oncol, 9, 8. - Giordano G, Gnetti L, Merisio C, et al (2007). Postmenopausal status, hypertension and obesity as risk factors for malignant transformationin endometrial polyps. Maturitas, 20, 190-7. - Karimi Zarchi M, Behtash N, Sekhavat L, et al (2009). Effects of tamoxifen on the cervix and uterus in women with breast cancer: experience with Iranian patients and a literature review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 10, 595-8. - Kim MK, Seong SJ (2013). LNG-IUS treatment of non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia: Can Pipelle endometrial samplingbe an accurate method of follow-up evaluation? J Gynecol Oncol, 24, 103-4. https://doi.org/10.3802/jgo.2013.24.2.103 - Kleebkaow P, Maneetab S, Somboonporn W, et al (2008). Preoperative and postoperative agreement of histopathological findings incases of endometrial hyperplasia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 9, 89-91. - Lenci MA, do Nascimento VA, Grandini AB, et al (2014). Premalignant and malignant lesions in endometrial polyps in patients undergoing hysteroscopic polypectomy. Einstein (Sao Paulo), 12, 16-21. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-45082014AO2764 - Li XC, Song WJ (2013). Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) in endometrial biopsy specimens categorized by the1994 World Health Organization classification for endometrial hyperplasia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 5935-9. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.10.5935 - Munro MG, Critchley HO, Broder MS, et al (2011). FIGO classification system (PALM-COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 113, 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.11.011 - Nicholson WK, Ellison SA, Grason H, et al (2001). Patterns of ambulatory care use for gynecologic conditions: A national study. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 184, 523-530 https://doi.org/10.1067/mob.2001.111795 - Salim S, Won H, Nesbitt-Hawes E, et al (2011). Diagnosis and management of endometrial polyps: a critical review of the literature. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 18, 569-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2011.05.018 Cited by - Systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus as predictors of malignancy among women with endometrial polyps vol.23, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000602

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Condition tags

adenomyosis

MeSH descriptors

Endometrial Hyperplasia Polyps Postmenopause Premenopause Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Body Mass Index Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus Endometrial Hyperplasia Endometrial Hyperplasia Female Humans Hysterectomy Hysterectomy Menopause Menopause Middle Aged Polyps

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