UP-REGULATION OF INTERLEUKINS AND THEIR UNDERLYING PART TO DEVELOP ENDOMETRIOSIS IN WOMEN EXPERIENCING RETROGRADE MENSTRUATION

Khokhar Mas, Muhammad Zeeshan Anwar, Arif Malik, Y Cho, S. Lee, J. Park, M Han, M Park, S Han, L Giudice, S Sourial, N Tempest, D. Hapangama, S Ahn, A Edwards, S Singh, S Young, B Lessey, C Tayade, A Arici, E Seli, H Zeyneloglu, L Senturk, E Oral, D Olive, T Harada, J Lousse, A Van Langendonckt, R Gonzalez-Ramos, S Defrere, Renkin Donnez, J, P. Montagna, S Capellino, B Villaggio, G. Izumi, K. Koga, M Takamura, T Makabe, E Satake, A. Takeuchi, Y Osuga, M Beste, N Pfffle-Doyle, Prentice, R Gazvani, Templeton, H Huang, L Hong, Y Tan, J. Sheng, X. Zhang, J Wen, L Deng, J Lin, K Sharpe-Timms, R. Zimmer, Ricke, T Iwabe, T Tsudo, Y Nagano, M Tanikawa, N Terakawa, V Young, S Ahmad, W Duncan, A Horne, Z Lai, H Yang, S Ha, K. Chang, J Mei, W Zhou, M. Li, T Yasin, U Safdar, S Waquar, Rana Malik, A, R Khalil, A Malik, B Hameed, Q Ali, J Ali, A Siddique, A Fateh, N Idrees, M Hafeez
In: International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences · 2021 · vol. 10(2) · doi:10.31032/ijbpas/2021/10.2.5390a · W4206139899
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⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite, 2026-06-13 ⓘ

This study evaluated inflammatory cytokine levels in women with endometriosis, finding increased levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 in peritoneal fluid, implicating them in disease development and progression.

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Abstract

Endometriosis is associated with dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea and often severe pelvic pain as well as considered a chronic inflammatory disease, defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. An important general concept regarding endometriosis is that it is a local pelvic inflammatory process with alteration in immune cell function in peritoneal environment. Previous research has reported increased levels of various cytokines such as TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 in peritoneal fluid of females with endometriosis therefore implicating the role of these cytokines as a potential causative factors to influence the development and progression of endometriosis. Additionally increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 triggered elevation in prostaglandin-2 level are responsible for the regulation of cell survival, migration and invasion of endometriotic tissue. Defining the etiology of these dysregulated signalling mechanisms at cellular level could be productive to understand the initiation and progression of endometriosis. The aim of present study was to evaluate the levels of inflammatory cytokines in women with endometriosis.

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Condition tags

endometriosisdysmenorrheadyspareunia

Citation neighborhood (2-hop)

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. Outer rings show 2-hop neighbours — papers reached through the immediate citers/citees. [ collapse to 1-hop ]

References (20)

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