Systemic Effect of Human Follicular Fluid from Endometriotic and Healthy Subjects on Female Mice

Nidhi Gairola, Havagiray Chitme, Reema Sircar
In: Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research · 2024 · vol. 58(2s) , pp. s660–s667 · doi:10.5530/ijper.58.2s.70 · W4399177959
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

In female mice, endometriotic follicular fluid induced hyperglycemia, altered sex hormone profiles, and insulin resistance, suggesting systemic effects beyond the localized impact of endometriosis.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This study compared the systemic effects of pooled human follicular fluid from endometriotic versus non-endometriotic participants by injecting female Swiss albino mice intraperitoneally with 1 or 2 mL/kg/day of endometrial/endometriotic-associated fluid and monitoring outcomes over 21 days. Researchers measured body weight changes alongside hormonal, glucose, and hematological profiles at regular intervals, reporting that endometriotic fluid increased blood glucose and altered reproductive hormones in a dose-dependent manner, including decreased estradiol and progesterone, increased testosterone, higher LH, lower FSH, and a markedly elevated LH:FSH ratio. They also observed dose-dependent increases in insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), with reduced insulin sensitivity (QUICKI) and signs consistent with pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, alongside a stated 21-day monitoring period as the main temporal limitation. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it tests how follicular fluid from endometriosis patients produces systemic endocrine/metabolic changes in mice, implicating endometriosis-associated factors beyond local disease.

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Abstract

Aim/Background Throughout oogenesis and folliculogenesis, the follicular fluid’s composition alters physiologically to fit the needs of particular microenvironmental demands. This study’s main goal was to compare the effect of follicular fluid collected from endometriotic and non-endometriotic patients on systemic body functioning of female mice. Materials and Methods Both healthy and endometriotic participants’ follicular fluid was collected and pooled separately. Female Swiss albino mice were injected with 1 and 2 mL/kg/day endometrial fluid in the intraperitoneal region and monitored for 21 days. Change in body weight, hormonal profile, glucose profile and hematological profile was monitored and recorded on regular basis. Results On day 21, the blood glucose level increased from 100.2±0.96 mg/dL to 138.4±3.32 mg/dL. Endometriotic follicular fluid had a dose-dependently decreased serum estradiol from 28.80±0.37 to 27.00±1.0 ng/mL and progesterone form 24.17±0.7 to 1.72±0.21 pg/mL and a rise in testosterone levels from normal 3.95±0.81 nmol/mL to 9.4±0.92. It has elevated serum LH levels to approximately three times normal levels. In contrast, the serum FSH level decreased from 19.40±0.74 mIU/mL to 2.5±0.22. As a result, the LH to FSH ratio increased from 0.18±0.01 to 3.9±0.19. There was a dose-dependent rise in serum insulin level significantly (p <0.001) from normal 0.74±0.02 IU/mL to 1.63±0.05 and 2.09±0.1 respectively. In a similar manner, HOMA-IR also showed increase in insulin resistance from normal 0.17 to 0.57±0.02 and 0.71±0.04. HOMA-Beta normal level was 8.17±0.3 increased to 10.05±0.4 beta cell dysfunction. Nevertheless, QUICKI were both dosages dependently decreased insulin sensitivity from 1.31±0.07 dose dependently to 0.9±0.01and 0.83±0.02. Conclusion Female mice treated with endometriotic follicular fluid of endometriosis patients displayed pancreatic abnormality. It has been concluded that endometriotic patients’ follicular fluid not only has a localized effect but also contains elements that enter the systemic circulation, have negative effects, and may be connected to significant clinical symptoms of endometriotic condition.

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endometriosis

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