The peculiarities of the management of women with endometriosis during pregnancy
Pregnancy in women with endometriosis is associated with increased risks of various complications including preeclampsia, fetal growth retardation, and preterm birth, necessitating individualized management.
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The paper reviews management issues for women with endometriosis during pregnancy, summarizing historical beliefs (that pregnancy suppresses endometriotic lesions and “pseudopregnancy” via combined oral contraceptives is therapeutic) and newer understanding of decidualization of endometriotic heterotopias, which may enlarge lesions, trigger bleeding, and sometimes mimic ovarian malignancy on ultrasound. It compiles reported relative risks of multiple adverse pregnancy and delivery outcomes in endometriosis (e.g., preeclampsia, preterm birth, placenta previa, cesarean delivery, postpartum bleeding, spontaneous intraperitoneal bleeding, and rare spontaneous intestinal perforation), while noting that some data suggest the endometriotic phenotype may not be linked to placental dysfunction or major obstetric syndromes. The authors state that most complications cannot be reliably predicted, that there is no evidence supporting separate pregnancy-management protocols for endometriosis, and that individual case-based approaches are needed, illustrated by a clinical observation in a woman with diffuse adenomyosis. This paper is centrally about endometriosis during pregnancy—specifically the distinctive management considerations and the risks/diagnostic mimics of decidualized endometriotic lesions, with a clinical observation involving diffuse adenomyosis.
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