Progesterone Receptor Gene Polymorphism Promoter Region +331G/A Increases Risk of Endometriosis

Syifa Alkaf, Aerul Chakra, Усман Саид, Irsan Saleh
In: Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2016 · pp. 52–56 · doi:10.32771/inajog.v4i1.73 · W2944067760
article OA: gold CC0
🔓 Open OA copy Full text JSON View on OpenAlex View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This case-control study found that the progesterone receptor gene polymorphism promoter region +331G/A genotype significantly increases the risk of endometriosis.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

⚙ AI-generated deep summary by qwen3.7-flash, 2026-09-09 · read from full text ⓘ

This observational case-control study investigated the association between progesterone receptor gene promoter region +331G/A polymorphism and disease risk in women undergoing surgical procedures for endometriosis or adenomyosis. The researchers analyzed blood samples from patients at a hospital in Palembang, Indonesia, comparing genotype frequencies between affected cases and healthy controls using PCR-RFLP techniques. Results indicated that women carrying the heterozygous +331G/A genotype faced a significantly increased risk of developing endometriosis compared to those with the wild-type G/G genotype, with an odds ratio of 3.29. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically examining genetic predispositions related to progesterone receptor polymorphisms in an Indonesian population.

Read from the paper's body, not the abstract. Not a substitute for reading the paper. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

Objective: To identify relationship between progesterone receptor gene polymorphism promoter region +331G/A with the risk of endometriosis. Method: An observational case-control study. Population are women with endometriosis and/or adenomyosis who have been performed laparotomy/laparoscopy at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang, January-November 2013. Subjects fulfilled inclusion criteria, given informed consent and performed blood sampling continued by PCRRFLP. Results were divided into A/A genotype (homozygote mutant), G/A (heterozygote mutant), and G/G (homozygote wild type). Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 version. Result: PCR-RFLP results for+331G/A genotype were 26 (54.1%) in case group and 14 (26.4%) in control. +331A/A genotype was not found in both groups. There was significant increase risk of endometriosis in women carrying genotype +331G/A to those with genotype +331G/G with OR 3.29 (p
Full text 1,851 characters · extracted from oa-doi-fallback · click to expand
Progesterone Receptor Gene Polymorphism Promoter Region +331G/A Increases Risk of Endometriosis DOI: https://doi.org/10.32771/inajog.v4i1.73Abstract Objective: To identify relationship between progesterone receptor gene polymorphism promoter region +331G/A with the risk of endometriosis. Method: An observational case-control study. Population are women with endometriosis and/or adenomyosis who have been performed laparotomy/laparoscopy at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang, January-November 2013. Subjects fulfilled inclusion criteria, given informed consent and performed blood sampling continued by PCRRFLP. Results were divided into A/A genotype (homozygote mutant), G/A (heterozygote mutant), and G/G (homozygote wild type). Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 version. Result: PCR-RFLP results for+331G/A genotype were 26 (54.1%) in case group and 14 (26.4%) in control. +331A/A genotype was not found in both groups. There was significant increase risk of endometriosis in women carrying genotype +331G/A to those with genotype +331G/G with OR 3.29 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Polymorphism on progesterone receptor gene +331G/A increases risk of endometriosis in Malay population in Indonesia. Compared to previous studies, there is interesting finding that polymorphic alels were found more commonly in our study. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 1: 52-56] Keywords: endometriosis, polimorphism, progesterone reseptor, +331G/ADownloads Download data is not yet available. Downloads Published 2016-01-14 Versions How to Cite Alkaf, S., Chakra, A., Said, U., & Saleh, I. (2016). Progesterone Receptor Gene Polymorphism Promoter Region +331G/A Increases Risk of Endometriosis. Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4(1), 52–56. https://doi.org/10.32771/inajog.v4i1.73 Issue Section Case Report

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

⚙ Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: oa-doi-fallback ⓘ

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Condition tags

endometriosisadenomyosis

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

References (11)

Source provenance

openalex
last seen: 2026-06-10T17:14:06.276822+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK