Therapeutic Potential of Linalool in Endometriosis: Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in a Rat Model

Tadayonfar R, Reza Tadayonfar, Mahdi Bahrami, Bahrami M, Sobhani E, Elahe Sobhani, Abbas Raisi, Omid Dezfoulian, Farshid Davoodi, Mohammad Kamalpour, Kheradmand A, Arash Kheradmand
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026 · vol. 40(17) , pp. e72247 · doi:10.1096/fj.202600831r · PMID:42709035 · PMC13552521 · W7211959080
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Linalool reduced endometriosis lesion size and severity in rats by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and adhesion in a dose-dependent manner.

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Abstract

Endometriosis (EMS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 10%-15% of women of reproductive age and is a major cause of infertility. This study explores the therapeutic effects of linalool, a natural compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on EMS in a rat model. Twenty-four female rats were divided into four groups: sham, EMS control, and two treatment groups receiving linalool at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. EMS was induced by implanting uterine tissue, and linalool was administered for 28 days. Oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, GPx, CAT), inflammation indicators (TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB), apoptosis regulators (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3), autophagy marker (Beclin1), adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), and angiogenic factor (VEGF) were all assessed using biochemical and histological techniques. Linalool treatment significantly reduced lesion size and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. The higher dose group (Lina 100) showed nearly normal histological features tissue histology. Linalool boosted antioxidant enzymes, reduced inflammatory signaling via NF-κB and MAPK pathways, promoted apoptosis, and suppressed angiogenesis and cellular adhesion. These findings suggest that linalool exerts multi-targeted effects to reduce EMS severity. The study highlights linalool's promise as a potential therapeutic agent for EMS, though further research in human models is needed to confirm its clinical relevance.

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MeSH descriptors

Acyclic Monoterpenes Acyclic Monoterpenes Acyclic Monoterpenes Acyclic Monoterpenes Acyclic Monoterpenes Acyclic Monoterpenes Acyclic Monoterpenes Acyclic Monoterpenes Apoptosis Apoptosis Apoptosis Apoptosis Apoptosis Apoptosis Apoptosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis

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