Características ginecológicas y psicosociales del dolor pélvico crónico Psychological, social and gynecologic characteristics of chronic pelvic pain
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Abstract
El dolor pélvico crónico es un síndrome prevalente controvertido en cuanto a su definición y a su relación con patología pélvica, problemas psicosocioculturales y su abordaje primario, diagnóstico y terapéutico. Objetivo: describir el perfil sociodemográfico, las patologías orgánicas más frecuentemente observadas, y la asociación con síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en mujeres con dolor pélvico crónico en Cali, Colombia. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en mujeres con diagnóstico de dolor pélvico crónico que iban a ser sometidas a laparoscopia diagnóstica. Resultados: se estudiaron 30 mujeres que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y aceptaron participar en el estudio. La edad promedio fue de 34,2 + 6,2 años con duración del dolor pélvico crónico entre uno y diez años. El 76% de las mujeres vivían en pareja (casadas 53%, unión libre 23%), el 40% pertenecían al estrato socioeconómico 3 (rango I-6), el 53% eran de raza mestiza, el 50% tenía escolaridad universitaria. Todas las pacientes presentaron patología pélvica en la laparoscopia; las más frecuentes fueron las adherencias 26,6%, adenomiosis 20%, endometriosis 10% y ovario poliquístico 10%, con un 43,4% de combinaciones de múltiples patologías. Se observaron adherencias densas en intestino y pared lateral en el 30% de las pacientes. La ansiedad evaluada por la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión en el Hospital presentó un porcentaje alto 30%, en contraste con una baja proporción de depresión 3,3%. Conclusiones: todas las pacientes estudiadas con dolor pélvico crónico presentaron patología pélvica, principalmente adherencias densas en intestino y pared lateral 30%, con una mayor proporción de ansiedad que depresión. Estas características ginecológicas y psicosociales son propias de la población estudiada y difieren de estudios reportados previamente en otros grupos poblacionales.Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is one of the chronic pain syndromes where controversy exists in its definition, accompanying pelvic pathology, psychosocial and cultural associated factors, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches. Objective: To describe the socio-demographic profile of women with CPP, pelvic pathology by laparoscopy, and the association with anxiety or depressive symptoms in the woman. Methods: A descriptive study was performed in thirty women with CPP and diagnostic laparoscopy. Results: The mean age was of 34,2 + 6,2 years old. Long duration of the CPP (range 1-10 years) was observed. The most of the women 40% were of middle socioeconomic status (level 3, range 1-6), mixed ethnic backgrounds 53%, university education 50%, and stable marital state (married 53%, common marriage in law 23%. All women had pelvic pathology by laparoscopy. The most frequent were adherences 36,6%, adenomyosis 20%, endometriosis 10%, polycystic ovary (10%), and the remaining 43.4% were mixed pelvic pathologies. A high proportion of dense adherences with the intestine 30% was observed. Anxiety, characterized by Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), was observed in high proportion (30%) as well, in contrast with a low proportion of depression 3,3%. Conclusion: The studied women had a high frequency of anxiety and low frequency of depression. All cases were associated with pelvic pathology with a high proportion (30%) of dense adherences with the intestine. This gynecologic and psychosocial characteristics were different in relation to others populations.
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