Endometrioid ovarian cancer arising from an endometriotic cyst in a young patient.

OBJECTIVE: To present a case of a young woman with ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from an endometriotic cyst and review of the literature. CASE REPORT: A 33-year-old woman, gravid 2, para 2 was admitted to our department with a 5 cm adnexal mass. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed and pathological examination demonstrated an endometriotic cyst with an area of an ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma well differentiated, with no capsular invasion. One month after the operation the patient underwent MRI which revealed a 6 cm mass in the Douglas pouch. The multidisciplinary oncology council decided on exploratory laparotomy, which revealed no pathology. After that the multidisciplinary oncology council decided on adjuvant chemotherapy and the patient received four cycles of carboplatin/taxol. CONCLUSION: It should always be considered that even when there are no risk factors for malignancy occurrence, a high index of suspicion is necessary and will help to prevent delay in the diagnosis of this rare neoplasm.