Sonographic Evaluation of the Pelvic Causes of Female Infertility

Alyaa Raheem, Luma Naji, Hawraa Emad
In: Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing; Vol 49 (2018); 26-36 · 2018 · vol. 49 , pp. 26–36 · W2801453226
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-24 ⓘ

This study assessed transabdominal ultrasound in 255 Iraqi women, finding ovarian factors (most commonly PCO) in 35.7% and uterine factors (mostly fibroids) in 9.8% as common causes of infertility.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-24 · read from full text ⓘ

This retrospective study evaluated the role of transabdominal ultrasound in detecting pelvic causes of female infertility among Iraqi women, reviewing records from three gynecological hospitals over 12 months. Of 255 selected cases (15–45 years), ultrasound found 53.33% as normal and identified 119 abnormal cases, with ovarian factors being most common (35.69%), particularly PCO (88 cases). Uterine factors were reported in 9.8%, while endometriosis and PID were each present in 1.18% of the population. This paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

Introduction: Ultrasound imaging plays a major role in the diagnostic evaluation of infertile women. Several ultrasound procedures have been used as an investigation method for the pelvic causes of infertility. These causes are diverse, including tubal and peritoneal abnormalities, uterine and cervical factors, and ovarian disorders. In the majority of the cases, the imaging procedures begin with transabdominal ultrasound and this technique may compensate any further investigation. The aim of this study is to consider the role of ultrasound in the detection of pelvic causes of infertility and to quantify the incidence of these causes for Iraqi women in comparison with the global norms. Method: A quantitative methodology was used to analyse the collected data. This study was done retrospectively by reviewing the data during 12 months for all the infertile women who registered in 3 gynaecological hospitals in Iraq. About 750 infertile women from (15- 45) years old were investigated during this year. However, Only 255 cases were used according to the sample size calculator in order to deliver a 95% confidence level. Result: Of the 255 cases, 53.33% were normal as diagnosed by ultrasound scan and only 119 patients recognised as abnormal patients. Ovarian factors were present in 35.69 % of the selected population and the most common finding was the PCO, which present in 88 patients. The second noticeable factor was the uterine factors presented in 9.8%. Other factors such as endometriosis and PID are presented in only 1.18% of the population. Conclusion: Transabdominal ultrasound is a valuable modality to deliver maximum information around the infertility causes associated with female pelvic organs.  The main detected cause was PCO presents in more than one third of population followed by uterine fibroid in about 10 % of the population. Keywords: Transabdominal ultrasound; PCO; abnormalities; uterine fibroid.
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Abstract

Introduction: Ultrasound imaging plays a major role in the diagnostic evaluation of infertile women. Several ultrasound procedures have been used as an investigation method for the pelvic causes of infertility. These causes are diverse, including tubal and peritoneal abnormalities, uterine and cervical factors, and ovarian disorders. In the majority of the cases, the imaging procedures begin with transabdominal ultrasound and this technique may compensate any further investigation. The aim of this study is to consider the role of ultrasound in the detection of pelvic causes of infertility and to quantify the incidence of these causes for Iraqi women in comparison with the global norms.

Method

A quantitative methodology was used to analyse the collected data. This study was done retrospectively by reviewing the data during 12 months for all the infertile women who registered in 3 gynaecological hospitals in Iraq. About 750 infertile women from (15- 45) years old were investigated during this year. However, Only 255 cases were used according to the sample size calculator in order to deliver a 95% confidence level.

Result

Of the 255 cases, 53.33% were normal as diagnosed by ultrasound scan and only 119 patients recognised as abnormal patients. Ovarian factors were present in 35.69 % of the selected population and the most common finding was the PCO, which present in 88 patients. The second noticeable factor was the uterine factors presented in 9.8%. Other factors such as endometriosis and PID are presented in only 1.18% of the population.

Conclusion

Transabdominal ultrasound is a valuable modality to deliver maximum information around the infertility causes associated with female pelvic organs. The main detected cause was PCO presents in more than one third of population followed by uterine fibroid in about 10 % of the population.

Keywords

Transabdominal ultrasound; PCO; abnormalities; uterine fibroid. To list your conference here. Please contact the administrator of this platform. Paper submission email: [email protected] ISSN 2422-8419 Please add our address "[email protected]" into your email contact list. This journal follows ISO 9001 management standard and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Copyright © www.iiste.org

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endometriosisinfertility

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