Diagnostic laparoscopy in the evaluation of tubal factor in cases of infertility

Arpana Dipakbhai Chaudhari, Anilkumar Mathurbhai Baria, Upendra Chaudhari, Grishma T. Dixit, Nilesh Thakor
In: International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2017 · vol. 6(4) , pp. 1275 · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20171032 · W2602596703
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⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite, 2026-06-11 ⓘ

Diagnostic laparoscopy with chromopertubation identified unilateral tubal blockage in 37% and bilateral blockage in 23% of infertile women investigated.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-11 · read from full text ⓘ

This study evaluated the role of diagnostic laparoscopy with chromopertubation for tubal factor infertility in 60 infertile women (35 with primary infertility and 25 with secondary infertility), using methylene blue dye to assess tubal patency. Chromopertubation and laparoscopic findings showed unilateral tubal blockage in 37% of cases and bilateral blockage in 23%, along with endometriosis in 9% and adhesions in 7%. The authors did not report any comparison with hysterosalpingography or other diagnostic approaches, and the single-center design limited generalizability. Relevance to endometriosis: the paper reports endometriosis was observed in 9% of infertile women during laparoscopy, though its main focus is diagnostic laparoscopy for tubal factor infertility.

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Abstract

Background: Tubal factor infertility accounts for a large portion of female factor infertility. The most prevalent cause of tubal factor infertility is pelvic inflammatory disease and acute salpingitis. Tubal patency can be diagnosed by hysterosalpingography (HSG) or laparoscopy with chromopertubation. The aim of this study was to determine the role of laparoscopy in the evaluation of tubal factor in infertile women.Methods: Sixty women presenting with complaints of primary and secondary infertility were investigated for tubal disease by laparoscopy at at Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad during July 2011 to September 2013. Tubal patency was tested by chromopertubation using Methylene blue dye.Results: Thirty-five (58.3%) patients were in primary infertility group while 25 (41.7%) patients were in secondary infertility group. 80% women were in the age group of 21 to 30 years. In 49% of women, the duration of infertility was between 2 to 4 years whereas 17% cases had been infertile for 6 to 10 years. Diagnostic laparoscopy and findings of chromopertubation revealed unilateral blockage in 37% of cases, bilateral blockage had seen in 23% of cases, endometriosis was seen in 9% of cases and adhesion in 7% of cases.Conclusions: Unilateral and bilateral tubal blockade was detected in 60% of cases of infertile women.
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Background

Tubal factor infertility accounts for a large portion of female factor infertility. The most prevalent cause of tubal factor infertility is pelvic inflammatory disease and acute salpingitis. Tubal patency can be diagnosed by hysterosalpingography (HSG) or laparoscopy with chromopertubation. The aim of this study was to determine the role of laparoscopy in the evaluation of tubal factor in infertile women.

Methods

Sixty women presenting with complaints of primary and secondary infertility were investigated for tubal disease by laparoscopy at at Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad during July 2011 to September 2013. Tubal patency was tested by chromopertubation using Methylene blue dye.

Results

Thirty-five (58.3%) patients were in primary infertility group while 25 (41.7%) patients were in secondary infertility group. 80% women were in the age group of 21 to 30 years. In 49% of women, the duration of infertility was between 2 to 4 years whereas 17% cases had been infertile for 6 to 10 years. Diagnostic laparoscopy and findings of chromopertubation revealed unilateral blockage in 37% of cases, bilateral blockage had seen in 23% of cases, endometriosis was seen in 9% of cases and adhesion in 7% of cases.

Conclusions

Unilateral and bilateral tubal blockade was detected in 60% of cases of infertile women. Metrics

References

Speroff L. Female infertility. In: Leon Speroff, Marc A. Fritz, eds. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility. 17th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2005:1003-58. Padubidri VG. Pathology of Conception. In: Padubidri VG, Daftary SN, eds. Shaw: Text book of Gynecology. 14th ed. Noida: Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd; 2008:198-9. Dun EC, Nezhat CH. Tubal factor infertility: diagnosis and management in the era of assisted reproductive technology. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2012;39(4):551-66. Muzii L, Sereni MI, Battista C, Zullo MA, Tambone V, Angioli R. Tubo-peritoneal factor of infertility: diagnosis and treatment. Clin Ter. 2010;161(1):77-85. Confino E, Radwanska E. Tubal factors in infertility. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 1992;4(2):197-202. Gomel V, Taylor PJ. History of laparoscopy. In: Gomel V, Taylor PJ, eds. Diagnostic and Operative Gynecologic Laparoscopy. 1st ed. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book Medical Publishers; 1995:46-62. Coltart TM. Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of tubal patency. BJOG. 1970;77:69-71. Chakraborti DK, Kole SK. Diagnostic laparoscopy in gynecologic disorders. J Obstet Gynecol India. 1990;40:262-5. Shetty SK, Shetty H, Rai S. Laparoscopic evaluation of tubal factor in cases of infertility. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2013;2:410-3. Ikechebelu JI, Mbamara SU. Should laparoscopy and dye test be a first line evaluation for infertile women in southeast Nigeria? Niger J Med. 2011;20(4):462-5. Aziz N. Laparoscopic evaluation of female factors in infertility. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2010;20(10):649-52. Sharma JB, Roy KK, Pushparaj M, Kumar S, Malhotra N, Mittal S. Laparoscopic findings in female genital tuberculosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2008;278(4):359-64. Gupta N, Sharma JB, Mittal S, Singh N, Misra R, Kukreja M. Genital tuberculosis in Indian infertility patients. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007;97(2):135-8.

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