Investigating the Association Between Cesarean Section, Endometriosis, Infertility, and Elevated CA-125 Levels

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Abstract

; ) )! )) $ $ ) $ ; ) . $ .) <) $ " ) <<)=@7A>)=4@'A>;$ $))!74'),.$ $ = > $ .=BC%%%7> $, );))) .) . D . .).,;) ) Keywords:!74' )* 1.Introduction )))"?. $)!,.;) )!, )) . . ) ))E))7%!7'A$) $.=7> )?)#" )$,!)$)=4> $))$)))) . ) . =@> ) )".$) .;F)G$. )) .. ) ))=5> 1.$..) $) ) 2 ) ) ? $ ) ?))F..='> ))!))) ).,)) =9> ;),!74'". $ ) F. . !74' , )))). =&>1.)), )))=8> ) $$ " .)=6> ;).."F $)), !74'D.". )$)$,)E. .".) ). ;#...,$=!> .)))$$) !74'. 2. Methodology 47) ! $ )) . ) ).!74'./$) )))). ) $ . ; 456 $ , .) 44)? F.=*>6'A+B769>)'A) =B%%'>!)$))))? ; ). H $ 456 $) $ . )))) 4@;) 4@7 D). .)) D)$.) D)$.#.=@7!5%> 4@4 F D)$.). D)$ )))) 45* ;4%%56)$@75% /$.$" ). =>))I ) $ ) F) F) )))$ )!74';$. ))$-.=01 @:> 4' ;$.F $)$$);/ .4%454%4' " 49 !" #$%&'&! (%)**+, 3.Results and Discussion ;7))?) ; $ @7!5% =5%A> ) ='69A> =&%5A>;$))$) .$F).$ Table 1- Sociodemographic and obstetrical history Variables F % Age -@7 67 @95 -@7!5% 7%% 5%% -5% '6 4@9 Parity -0 7% 5% -*)* '6 4@9 - 756 '69 -E) @4 748 Abortion -0 7&9 &%5 -1) &5 469 Table 2 – Chief complains (signs and symptoms) of the study sample (201 cases with endometriosis) Chief complains* F % 7'7 &'74 /) 94 @7 5& 4@' ) 4@ 77' ) 77 '' ) 7% ' . 6 5' ) 8 5 .) & @' / 7 %' 1!) 7 %' *! 7 %' J)))) ;4))=))>)=4%7$ )>;)")$=&'74A>)=@7A> )=4@'A> Table 3- Site of endometriosis among study sample (total= 201) Clinical Findings F % of 201 ))=> 744 9%&A ) 8 5%A ) & @'A :)) 5 4%A ) 5 4%A 2) 5 4%A 2!)) @ 7'A @ 7'A ))K. @ 7'A :) @ 7'A 2) @ 7'A F @ 7'A :, @ 7'A * @ 7'A :KF @ 7'A Clinical Findings F % of 201 ) @ 7'A 2)) 4 7%A ))K) 4 7%A )$) 4 7%A *.) 4 7%A / 4 7%A !)) 7 %'A !)) 7 %'A :)$) 7 %'A ) 7 %'A ) 7 %'A 7 %'A )) 7 %'A F) 7 %'A ;)) 7 %'A ;@$4%7$). )));)))))$. 7449%&A).) $. Table 4 – History of CS, infertility, endometriosis and level of CA-125 biomarker Variables F % Cesarean section (CS) -L 4@7 645 -0 76 &9 No of CS -0 76 &9 -7!4 7'' 978 -@) &9 @%' Infertility -0 68 @64 -*) 75 '9 - 7@8 ''4 Duration of infertility -0 6& @6% -9 85 @@& -9) 98 4&@ Endometriosis -L 4%7 944 -0 56 @&8 CA-125 -0) 68 @64 -) 7'4 9%8 ;5 645A ''5A F944A$$)9%9A. !74'. Table 5- Association between the presence of endometriosis with CS, infertility, and level of CA-125 Variables Endometriosis p-value Yes F (%) No F (%) Cesarean section -L -0 7'@=994> @=7'8> &8=@@8> 79=854> C%%%7 Infertility -0 -*) - @6=@68> 9=546> 777=8%5> '6=9%4> 8='&7> 4&=769> C%%%7 CA-125 -0) -) @&=@&8> 776=&8@> 97=944> @@=47&> C%%%7 Parity -0 -*) - E) 5=5%> 55=&59> 67=977> 7&='@7> 9=9%> 7'=4'5> '8=@86> 7'=596> %%57 ;'$)$. ).!74'$ Table 6- Association between infertility with CS Variables Infertility p-value No infertility F (%) Primary infertility F (%) Secondary infertility F (%) Cesarean section -L -0 67=@65> &=@98> '=44> 6=5&5> 7@'='85> @=7'8> C%%%7 No. of CS -0 -7!4 -@) &=@98> '7=@46> 5='49> 6=5&5> 4=7@> @=@6> @=7'8> 7%4=9'8> @@=5@5> C%%%7J JF$ ;9$=p M%%%7> ; $), $ $) $ . ='85A>$$=7'8A>.)$ ))))$)$=5&5A>D. ).$ ) : $)$. F .)=p M%%%7> ;., ) $ " F ) ) !74'. . ) . );$ .!74'."$.)). )2=4%78> )$.)),$!74' . $ ),2!.)) ...=7%> !74'=!74'>)),) ))..$ .) ,))1.$), 5=77>; )-..!74'.! ),) ) =74> ;)!!74'.)$. !;..)$ $ )))!74'.$ $ . )F $ F. D $.!74'.))=7@> ;$)!+=4%79>)!74'8&$) .$?$ $).;)).@&-I ))@&-I))$)!74'H ..=75> ;$.H!74'.), F $ . ) )=7'> =>)) $ $ $) $ . ) ..=79> ).$$$ ,$)$,.. .)) =7&> . $ ) =78> ..?)). .)$... ))=76> :! =4%47>) ),);) ) $ ) .=4%> 5. Conclusions ;)#))) $) ; )#$ . );$ . ) ) AI Usage Declaration ;$,$ Funding Information 0$. Conflict of Interest ; Acknowledgment ;,$F .$),

References

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