Association of Perforation of the Appendix with Female Tubal Infertility

David R. Urbach, D R Urbach, L D Marrett, R Kung, M M Cohen
American journal of epidemiology · 2001 · vol. 153(6) , pp. 566–571 · doi:10.1093/aje/153.6.566 · PMID:11257064 · W1968401085
article OA: closed CC0
View on OpenAlex View on PubMed View at publisher

Abstract

Although perforation of the appendix is considered a risk factor for female tubal infertility, the epidemiologic evidence supporting this relation is inconsistent. Risk factors for tubal infertility were compared for 121 women with documented primary tubal infertility attending in vitro fertilization clinics in Toronto, Canada, from July to December 1998 and 490 controls who were pregnant during the same time period. Self-administered questionnaires and review of medical records were used to assess exposures. The authors found that neither history of acute appendicitis nor perforation of the appendix was a statistically significant risk factor for tubal infertility. The crude odds ratio for perforated appendicitis was 3.4 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9, 12.9), and the adjusted odds ratio was 1.4 (95% CI: 0.3, 6.2). In addition to increased age and annual income, cigarette smoking (odds ratio (OR) = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.2), history of endometriosis (OR = 6.0, 95% CI: 2.8,12.8), and history of pelvic inflammatory disease (OR = 6.0, 95% CI: 2.8, 12.8) were significantly associated with tubal infertility in multivariate analysis. These data do not provide substantial evidence that perforation of the appendix is an important risk factor for female tubal infertility.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Condition tags

endometriosisinfertility

MeSH descriptors

Infertility, Female Intestinal Perforation Adult Bias Case-Control Studies Chi-Square Distribution Female Humans Infertility, Female Infertility, Female Intestinal Perforation Intestinal Perforation Logistic Models Ontario Ontario Pregnancy Prevalence Risk Factors Surveys and Questionnaires

Citation neighborhood (sparse)

Too few in-corpus citations on either side for a chart; here are the lists.

Cites (1)

References (25)

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-06-13T06:22:48.782012+00:00
openalex
last seen: 2026-06-04T00:00:01.174412+00:00
pubmed
last seen: 2026-05-13T22:13:24.901228+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK