Immunological predictors of endometriosis severity: A case–control study in reproductive-aged women in Iraq

Alaa Ibrahim Ali, Zainab Abdul Ameer Jaafar, Reshed Zeki Obeid
In: Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders · 2026 · doi:10.1177/22840265261437170 · W7155707594
article OA: closed CC0
Full text JSON View on OpenAlex View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-06 ⓘ

This case-control study found that autoimmune comorbidities, particularly antiphospholipid syndrome and type 1 diabetes mellitus, were strong predictors of advanced-stage endometriosis in reproductive-aged women.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

Introduction: Endometriosis is a condition of chronic inflammation. Data imply an association with severe autoimmune spectrum. This paper analyses the relationship between autoimmune co-morbidities and phenotypes such as the more severe forms of disease, and assesses how well immunological markers may predict advanced disease. Methods: This case-control study included 100 women of reproductive age who had endometriosis verified by laparoscopy. Based on the presence of autoimmune diseases, such as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autoimmune thyroid disorders (ATD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), participants were divided into the study group ( n = 40) and the control group ( n = 60). Results: Patients with autoimmune comorbidities had a higher proportion of advanced-stage disease (stage IV; 70.0% and 5.0%; p < 0.01), especially those with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and type-1 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of deep infiltrating endometriosis was also higher in the autoimmune group ( p = 0.03). Autoimmunity was an independent predictor of stage IV endometriosis (AUC = 0.832). For APS, the association was very strong (OR: 48.9; p < 0.001), and similarly for T1DM (OR: 57.0; p = 0.002). Correlation analysis further showed that advanced disease is positively and significantly correlated with APS, RA, and ATD (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: The current study has emphasized that a pronounced relation exists between endometriosis and autoimmune disorders. Utilization of autoimmune screening tests can contribute to a better diagnosis and personalized treatment of endometriosis.
Full text 1,388 characters · extracted from oa-doi-fallback · 5 sections · click to expand

Abstract

Introduction:

Methods

Results:

Conclusion

Get full access to this article View all access and purchase options for this article. Data availability statement

References

Cite Cite Cite Download to reference manager If you have citation software installed, you can download citation data to the citation manager of your choice Information, rights and permissions Information Published In

Keywords

Data availability statement Authors Metrics and citations Metrics Journals metrics This article was published in Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders. View All Journal MetricsPublication usage* Total views and downloads: 3 *Publication usage tracking started in December 2016 Publications citing this one Receive email alerts when this publication is cited Web of Science: 0 Crossref: There are no citing articles to show. Figures and tables Figures & Media Tables View Options Access options If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below: loading institutional access options Alternatively, view purchase options below: Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content. Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

⚙ Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: oa-doi-fallback ⓘ

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Condition tags

endometriosisdie_deep_infiltrating

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

References (19)

Source provenance

openalex
last seen: 2026-07-26T06:00:49.253533+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK