Refractory thoracic endometriosis
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⤵ 7 in-corpus citations
Abstract
Thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES) is a rare entity caused by thoracic implantation of endometrial tissue, manifesting as catamenial pneumothorax, pleural effusion and haemoptysis in young female individuals. Its management and long-term prevention of recurrences, can be challenging. We present the case of a young woman who presented with recurrent pneumothorax, haemopneumothorax and pleural effusion. The diagnosis of TES was confirmed based on cytological findings of pleural fluid. She underwent treatment with mechanical pleurodesis twice but continued to have recurrences. Hormonal treatment failed to produce a satisfactory resolution. She underwent chemical pleurodesis, which successfully induced remission of her TES. A review of the literature suggests that chemical pleurodesis produces better results compared with mechanical pleurodesis and that hormonal treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists is effective at preventing recurrences.
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Cited by (7)
- Thoracic endometriosis syndrome: imaging findings and the value of a dedicated MRI protocol 2025
- Endometriosis-Related Chronic Pelvic Pain 2023
- Pleural effusion secondary to endometriosis: A systematic review 2023
- Phrenic nerve paralysis after bipolar electrocoagulation of endometriosis of the diaphragm: case report and mini review 2022
- Thoracic Endometriosis: a Clinical Review and Update of Current and Evolving Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques 2021
- Recurrent pleural effusion secondary to endometriosis: a rare malady 2021
- Peripheral, Central, and Cross Sensitization in Endometriosis-Associated Pain and Comorbid Pain Syndromes 2021
Source provenance
- europepmc
- last seen: 2026-06-12T06:13:51.797165+00:00
- openalex
- last seen: 2026-06-10T17:14:06.276822+00:00
- pubmed
- last seen: 2026-05-13T22:21:47.975235+00:00
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