Cerebral Venous Thrombosis:Current Status and Challenges.

BackgroundCerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a stroke type that primarily affects young individuals, with various risk factors and complex mechanisms. It accounts for 0.5% to 3% of all stroke cases and can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life.ObjectiveThis review aims to classify the etiology of CVT, assess its impact on prognosis, and evaluate the best treatment approaches. It also analyzes current issues in CVT management and proposes future directions for treatment.MethodsA comprehensive review of the literature on CVT, focusing on risk factors, treatment strategies, and outcomes. The impact of anticoagulation therapy and endovascular interventions is examined.ResultsThis review examines the various risk factors associated with CVT, including female-specific conditions, infections, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and mechanical triggers. It highlights the impact of these factors on the prognosis and outcomes of CVT. The effectiveness of anticoagulation therapy, both traditional and with direct oral anticoagulants, is discussed, along with the role of endovascular therapy in severe cases. The review also identifies current challenges in CVT management, such as incomplete thrombus clearance and the lack of standardized evaluation criteria for recanalization.ConclusionFurther research is needed to optimize CVT management, improve patient outcomes, and enhance the quality of life for affected individuals.