Effects of Tamoxifen and Other SERMs in the Endometrium and Follow-Up of Patients
Selective estrogen receptor modulators like tamoxifen are common hormonal agents for breast cancer, acting as competitive inhibitors of estrogen receptors with varied effects depending on tissue.
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This chapter reviews the effects of tamoxifen and other selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on the endometrium, in the context of hormone therapy for estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer. It summarizes evidence from prospective and randomized studies that monitored endometrial changes using approaches such as office endometrial biopsy, transvaginal ultrasound, and correlating imaging with endometrial pathology, reporting associations with endometrial thickness and increased endometrial hyperplasia/cancer risk in tamoxifen-treated patients. The chapter’s limitation is that it functions as a narrative overview rather than presenting new original data. Relevance to endometriosis: endometriosis is not the focus of the chapter; however, it discusses estrogen receptor modulation and uterine/endometrial effects of SERMs that are mechanistically adjacent to endometriosis research, though no direct endometriosis outcomes are described.
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