Endometriosis

Maria Rosaria Raspollini, Antonio López-Beltrán
In: Encyclopedia of Pathology · 2020 · pp. 92–93 · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_4808 · W4240052474
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Endometriosis is a benign lesion characterized by ectopic endometrial tissue proliferation, commonly affecting reproductive-aged women and rarely involving the urinary tract.

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This paper is an encyclopedia-style overview defining endometriosis as benign ectopic endometrial tissue proliferation and describing its clinical features, including its strong prevalence in reproductive-age women and rare occurrences in older male patients after prolonged antiandrogen therapy. It summarizes urinary tract involvement, noting it occurs in less than 2% of patients, with most urinary cases confined to the bladder and approximate involvement rates for the ureter (about 15%) and less often the urethra and kidney (about 1–2%), alongside only anecdotal reports in sites such as the prostate and epididymis. It also characterizes bladder endometriosis as deep infiltrating lesions in specific bladder regions and distinguishes it from small peritoneal or vesicouterine fornix implants, though the provided excerpt cuts off before completing these distinctions. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it provides a pathology and clinical overview with specific focus on urinary tract manifestations of endometriosis.

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Definition Benign lesion characterized by proliferation of ectopic endometrial tissue. Clinical Features - Incidence The urinary tract is involved in less than 2% of all patients with endometriosis. In most cases, endometriosis is confined to urinary bladder; in these patients, the ureter is involved in about 15%, and the urethra and kidney in 1–2% (Comiter 2002). Only anecdotal cases have been reported in the prostate and in the epididymis after long-term antiandrogen therapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma (Beckman et al. 1985). - Age Endometriosis affects mainly reproductive age women. Uncommon cases may occur in old male patients after prolonged antiandrogen therapy. - Sex Strong prevalence in the female. - Site Bladder endometriosis is defined as deep infiltrating lesion in the detrusor muscle along the midline or in the bladder dome, but the most frequent location is the posterior bladder wall. Small implants at the vesicouterine fornix or in the peritoneum overlying the bladder cannot be... Access this chapter Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only References and Further Reading Al-Khawaja, M., Tan, P. H., MacLennan, G. T., et al. (2008). Ureteral endometriosis: Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 7 cases. Human Pathology, 39, 954–959. Beckman, E. N., Pintado, S. O., Lenard, G. L., et al. (1985). Endometriosis of the prostate. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 9, 374. Chapron, C., Boucher, E., Fauconnier, A., et al. (2002). Anatomopathological lesions of bladder endometriosis are heterogeneous. Fertility and Sterility, 78, 740–742. Comiter, C. V. (2002). Endometriosis of the urinary tract. The Urologic Clinics of North America, 29, 625–635. Sanfrancesco, J., Williamson, S. R., Kum, J. B., et al. (2017). Müllerian adenosarcoma of the urinary bladder: Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features with novel genetic aberrations. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer, 15, e1007–e1014. Stern, R. C., Dash, R., Bentley, R. C., et al. (2001). Malignancy in endometriosis: Frequency and comparison of ovarian and extraovarian types. International Journal of Gynecological Pathology, 20, 133–139. Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Editor information Editors and Affiliations Rights and permissions Copyright information © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG About this entry Cite this entry Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (2020). Endometriosis. In: Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (eds) Uropathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_4808 Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_4808 Published: Publisher Name: Springer, Cham Print ISBN: 978-3-030-41893-9 Online ISBN: 978-3-030-41894-6 eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

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