Pregnancy and Its Outcome in a Rare Case of Combined Protein C and Protein S Deficiency with Severe Adenomyosis

Pallavi Raj, Sadhana Desai, Sadhana K Desai, Partha Guha Roy, Prema Kania
Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2019 · vol. 70(3) , pp. 234–236 · doi:10.1007/s13224-019-01276-6 · PMID:32476772 · W2979660901
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06+body, 2026-06-09 ⓘ

This case report details a rare pregnancy with severe adenomyosis in a patient with combined protein C and protein S deficiency.

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This paper reports a rare case of pregnancy outcome in a patient with combined protein C and protein S deficiency who also had severe adenomyosis. The authors describe the pregnancy course and outcome in the context of her thrombophilia and extensive uterine disease, without broad recruitment or comparative analysis. A major limitation is that findings are based on a single case, so they cannot establish causality or generalize to other patients with adenomyosis or thrombophilic disorders. This paper is centrally about endometriosis and/or adenomyosis — it specifically describes pregnancy outcome in severe adenomyosis complicated by combined protein C and protein S deficiency.

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References Mochimaru A, Aoki S, Oba MS, et al. Adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with adenomyosis with uterine enlargement. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2015;41(4):529–33. Lipe B, Ornstein DL. Deficiencies of natural anticoagulants, protein C, protein S, and antithrombin. Circulation. 2011;124:e365–8. Rey E, Kahn SR, David M, et al. Thrombophilic disorders and fetal loss: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2003;361(9361):901–8. Chaudhari HK, Shah PK, Pai KR, et al. Combined protein C and protein S deficiency with pregnancy. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2016;5:2450–2. Khan KN, Kitajima M, Hiraki K, et al. Masuzaki H Changes in tissue inflammation, angiogenesis and apoptosis in endometriosis, adenomyosis and uterine myoma after GnRH agonist therapy. Hum Reprod. 2010;25(3):642–53. Younes G, Tulandi T. Effects of adenomyosis on in vitro fertilization treatment outcomes: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2017;108(3):483.e3–490.e3. Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Ethics declarations Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Additional information Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Dr. Pallavi Raj MS, DNB is a clinical assistant, Fertility Clinic & IVF Centre, Mumbai, India; Dr. Sadhana K Desai MD, DGO, FRCOG, FICOG is a consultant, Fertility Clinic & IVF Centre, Mumbai, India; Dr. Partha Guha Roy MD, DGO is a consultant, Fertility Clinic & IVF Centre, Mumbai, India; Dr. Prema Kania MD is a consultant, Bombay Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India. Rights and permissions About this article Cite this article Raj, P., Desai, S.K., Roy, P.G. et al. Pregnancy and Its Outcome in a Rare Case of Combined Protein C and Protein S Deficiency with Severe Adenomyosis. J Obstet Gynecol India 70, 234–236 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-019-01276-6 Received: Accepted: Published: Version of record: Issue date: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-019-01276-6

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