Usage of methods polarization-phase mueller-matrix introscopy for early diagnosis of endometriosis based on study of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid

While efforts are underway to develop biomarker-based tests and improve non-invasive imaging, the current diagnostic pathway remains a complex interplay of clinical assessment and surgical confirmation, under - scoring the urgent need for advancements to reduce diagnostic timelines. Given the high accuracy of the results obtained with polarimetry in transparent media, a search was started for modifications of the method to obtain high-quality

in tissues and biological fluids with different densities. To increase the contrast and improve the ability to visualize tissues, optical visualization was used using a multiply scattering (depolarizing) component of the light beam, which gave a positive result and the ability to evaluate various biological media [1-3]. The results depend on the polarization state of the incident light beam. Thus, a number of modifications have been developed, including linear or circular polarization, Stokes polarimetry or Muller matrix polarimetry, detection geometry (transmission versus reflection), spectroscopic methods for studying light, such as point spectroscopy and spectral imaging (using different wavelengths, diffuse reflection, fluorescence, Raman scattering) [1,4,5], interferometric methods, polarization-guided imaging, optical polarization, laser polarimetry. Each method has its own characteristics. When using different techniques, the anisotropy of biological objects is taken into account, since almost all biological tissues have optical anisotropy [2]. Birefringence of biological tissues is mainly due to the linear anisotropy of fibrous structures that form extracellular environments. The refractive index is more important along the fibers than across them. In this case, we have parallel cylinders forming a uniaxial birefringent medium with an optical axis that is parallel to the axis of the cylinders (shape birefringence), and is characteristic of many biotissues, such as the cornea, cartilage, tendons, sclera, dura mater, muscles, nerves, retina, bone, teeth, and other Usage of methods polarization-phase mueller-matrix introscopy for early diagnosis of endometriosis based on study of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid Oksana V. Bakun, Oksana I. Yurkiv, Ksenia V. Slobodian, Volodymyr A. Doroshko, Oksana V. Kolesnik, Alla I. Peryzhniak, Yuliya F . Marchuk BUKOVINIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY , CHERNIVTSI, UKRAINE

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of early diagnosis of endometriosis using polarization-phase Muller-matrix introscopy methods of scattering dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid.

Two groups of samples were studied: peritoneal fluid obtained during diagnostic laparoscopy – control group 3.1 - 68 samples; peritoneal fluid obtained during diagnostic laparoscopy in women with endometriosis associated with infertility – experimental group 3.2 - 59 samples.

By statistical analysis of a series of thesiograms of the distributions of the optical anisotropy parameters of biological preparations, the following most effective markers for the diagnosis of endometriosis by the method of polarization-phase Muller-matrix introscopy were experimentally established. Dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid:linear birefringence - unsatisfactory (– 74.6% - 80.1%) diagnostic accuracy - groups “3.1” - “3.2”; circular birefringence - excellent (– 97.6% - 98.4%) and good (– 88.1% - 88.9%) diagnostic accuracy - groups “3.1” - “3.2”; linear dichroism - good (– 90.5%) diagnostic accuracy of endometriosis - groups “3.1” - “3.2”; circular dichroism - very good (– 90.5% - 94.5%) diagnostic accuracy - groups “3.1” - “3.2

The conducted cycle of stusies of the diagnostic effectiveness of the new in biomedical practice method polarization-phase Muller-matrix intros- copy of the polycrystalline component of biological preparations (peritoneal fluid) revealed a high level of accuracy of early diagnosis of genital endometriosis. KEY WORDS: endometriosis, assisted reproductive technologies, infertility, polarization-phase Muller-matrix introscopy Wiad Lek. 2025;78(10):1959-1970. doi: 10.36740/WLek/213598 DOI ORIGINAL ARTICLE CONTENTS Oksana V. Bakun et al. 1960 biotissues with uniaxial and/or biaxial birefringent structures [5].The traditional microscopic description of the morphological structure of biological tissues of human organs was first developed and supplemented in the practice of biomedical research in systematic studies of polarization, phase and laser (fluorescence) microscopy. As a result, a new direction for biomedical and clinical diagnostics was formed - polarization-phase introscopy of the morphological structure of biological preparations of human organ tissues. The foundations of this diagnostic direction are based on determining the relationships between polarization, Stokes-polarimetric and Muller-matrix microscopic images of the polycrystalline structure of biological preparations of human organ tissues (thesiograms) and various pathological conditions of human organs [1-5]. AIM To assess the effectiveness of early diagnosis of endometriosis using polarization-phase Muller-matrix introscopy methods of scattering dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid.

Two groups of samples were studied: peritoneal fluid obtained during diagnostic laparoscopy – control group 3.1 - 68 samples; peritoneal fluid obtained during diagnostic laparoscopy in women with endometriosis associated with infertility – experimental group 3.2 - 59 samples. DATA PROCESSING Fundamentals of statistical analysis For an objective evaluation of complex, coordinately inhomogeneous distributions of the magnitude of all types of thesiograms (hereinafter we will denote these sets Q), we used statistical analysis, which consists of the following steps: ● Definition of histograms of distributions of the value Q. ● Calculation of the set of central statistical moments of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th orders, which characterize the average ( 1Z ), dispersion ( 2Z ), asymmetry ( 3Z ) and kurtosis ( 4Z ) distributions Q by the number of discrete pixels P . 1st order statistical moment 1Z or the mean of the set Q determines its average value (1) 2nd order statistical moment 2Z or the variance of a set of values Q determines the degree of its deviation from the mean value 1Z (ratio (1)). (2) 3rd order statistical moment 3Z or asymmetry charac- terizes the deviation from normality of random values Q (3) The value of this statistical parameter 3Z characterizes the dynamics of changes in the parameters of thesio - grams of optical anisotropy. 4th order statistical moment4Z or kurtosis characterizes the dynamics of changes in the distributions of the mag- nitude of local values of the set of thesiogram points Q (4) ETHICS Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee of the Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine (approval ID: No. 6 from 8.10.2024). RESUL TS The series of fragments in Fig. 1 presents algorithmically reproduced thesiograms and 3D distributions of the linear birefringence value of samples of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid of patients from control group 3.1 (fragments (1),(2)) and experimental groups 3.2 (fragments (3),(4)) Installed: • the presence of linear birefringence of supramolecular networks of tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid of patients from all groups (Fig. 1, fragments (1), (3)); • increase in the value of linear birefringence of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis (group 3.2), - (Fig. 1, fragments (2) (4)). Statistical analysis of the structure of thesiograms of the linear birefringence distributions of supramolecular protein networks of peritoneal fluid of patients from all groups is given in Table 1. A slight decrease in linear birefringence was found in patients with endometriosis due to the destruction of 1961 Usage of methods polarization-phase mueller-matrix introscopy for early diagnosis of endometriosis based on study... tertiary and quaternary proteins of the peritoneal fluid of patients from the experimental group 3.2. Higher-order statistical moments can be used as diagnostic markers of endometriosis, which turned out to be quite sensitive to changes in the tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins in samples of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid. Higher-order statistical moments, which have been shown to be sufficiently sensitive to changes in the tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins in samples of dehydrated peritoneal fluid films, can be used as diagnostic markers for endometriosis. OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIAGNOSTIC POWER OF THE METHOD OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LINEAR BIREFRINGENCE THESIOGRAMS OF SUPRAMOLECULAR PROTEIN NETWORKS OF DEHYDRATED FILMS OF PERITONEAL FLUID The diagnostic and clinical effectiveness of using a set of statistical markers of algorithmically reproduced thesiograms of coordinate distributions of the magni- tude of linear birefringence in detecting pathological changes - destruction of the tertiary and quaternary structure of supramolecular protein networks of sam- ples of dehydrated polycrystalline films of peritoneal fluid of patients is illustrated by the values of the op - erating characteristics, the values of which are given in Table 2. We have established the following ranges of the diagnostic power of the method of polarization-phase Muller matrix introscopy of linear birefringence of supramolecular protein networks of patients’ perito - neal fluid: • unsatisfactory (– 74.6% - 80.1%) accuracy of endometriosis diagnosis - groups “3.1” – “3.2” Thus, it can be stated that the method of polarization-phase Muller matrix introscopy of changes in linear birefringence of supramolecular networks of dehydrated filmsof patients’ peritoneal fluid did not show sufficient efficiency for diagnosing endometriosis, as well as for accurately assessing the effectiveness of its treatment. Therefore, the next step was to study the effectiveness of this polarization-optical technique by determining other markers that characterize the optical activity or chiral properties of molecular complexes of patients’ peritoneal fluid. Table 1. Statistical moments of the 1st – 4th orders, which characterize the coordinate distributions of the linear birefringence of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid of patients Parameters Group 3.1 Group 3.2 SM1×10-3 0.08±0.006 0.06±0.004 p2 p≤0.05 SM2×10-3 0.06±0.003 0.04±0.002 p2 p≤0.05 SM3 1.27±0.069 1.55±0.081 p2 p≤0.05 SM4 1.82±0.097 2.19±0.12 p2 p≤0.05 Source: compiled by the authors of this study Table 2. Specificity, sensitivity, accuracy of the method for statistical analysis of linear birefringence thesiograms of peritoneal fluid films of patients Groups “1 – 2” Parameters Sensitivity,Se,% N=57 Specificity,Sp,% H=69 Precision,Ac,% N+H=126 SM1 A=44 B=52 A+B=96 77.2 75.3 76.2 SM1 A=43 B=51 A+B=94 75.4 73.9 74.6 SM3 A=46 B=54 A+B=100 80.7 78.3 79.4 SM4 A=47 B=55 A+B=102 82.5 79.7 80.1 Note. SM1, SM2, SM3, SM4 – unsatisfactory accuracy Source: compiled by the authors of this study Oksana V. Bakun et al. 1962 manifestations of circular birefringence. A reduced or increased number of leukocytes in the peritoneal fluid of patients is an important clinical indicator of the pres- ence of a pathological process. Therefore, an increase in the level of circular birefringence of the dehydrated CIRCULAR BIREFRINGENCE THESIOGRAMS OF DEHYDRATED PERITONEAL FLUID FILMS In this section, we used the following model approxima- tion. Leukocytes, which are part of the peritoneal fluid of patients, are spherical protein formations and have Fig. 1. Thesiograms ((1),(3), and 3D (2),(4),) of the distribution of the linear birefringence value of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid of patients from group 3.1 ((1),(2)), group 3.2 ((3),(4)) Picture taken by the authors 1963 Usage of methods polarization-phase mueller-matrix introscopy for early diagnosis of endometriosis based on study... fluid of patients from control group 3.1 (fragments (1),(2)) and experimental groups 3.2 (fragments (3),(4)) are shown in a series of fragments in Fig. 2. Analysis of the obtained experimental data revealed the presence of: film of peritoneal fluid can serve as additional objective criteria for endometriosis. Algorithmically reproduced thesiograms and 3D distributions of the circular birefringence of chiral protein complexes of samples of dehydrated films of peritoneal Fig. 2. Thesiograms ((1),(3)) and 3D ((2),(4)) of the circular birefringence value distributions of chiral molecular complexes of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid of patients from group 3.1 ((1),(2)), group 3.2 ((3),(4)) Picture taken by the authors Oksana V. Bakun et al. 1964 Fig. 3. Thesiograms ((1),(3)) and 3D ((2),(4)) distributions of the linear dichroism value of samples of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid of patients from control group 3.1 (fragments (1),(2)) and experimental groups 3.2 (fragments (3),(4)) Picture taken by the authors • increase in the level of circular birefringence of optically active supramolecular structures of peritoneal fluid samples from patients with endometriosis (Fig. 2, fragments (2), (4)). Objectively, the differences between the maps of thesiograms of coordinate distributions of the • coordinate distributions of the circular birefringence value of the supramolecular polycrystalline chiral structure of leukocytes of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid of patients from all groups (Fig. 2, fragments (1), (3)); 1965 Usage of methods polarization-phase mueller-matrix introscopy for early diagnosis of endometriosis based on study... Fig. 4. Thesiograms ((1),(3)) and 3D ((2),(4)) distributions of the circular dichroism value of samples of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid of patients from control group 3.1 (fragments (1),(2)) and experimental groups 3.2 (fragments (3),(4)) Picture taken by the authors The following scenarios were identified: • changes in the polycrystalline structure of supramolecular networks of leukocytes in the peritoneal fluid of patients and increased circular birefringence in endometriosis. magnitude of circular birefringence of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid of patients illustrate the av - erage and spread of the values of the set of central statistical moments of the 1st - 4th orders, which are given in Table 3. Oksana V. Bakun et al. 1966 • excellent (– 97.6% - 98.4%) and good (– 88.1% - 88.9%) accuracy of endometriosis diagnosis - groups “3.1” – “3.2” We have already noted that biological films also have optically anisotropic absorption. Therefore, we will consider the effectiveness of the method of polarization- phase Muller matrix introscopy of linear and circular dichroism of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid. LINEAR DICHROISM THESIOGRAMS OF SUPRAMOLECULAR ALBUMIN NETWORKS OF DEHYDRATED PERITONEAL FLUID FILMS The anisotropically absorbing components of peri- toneal fluid include aantibodies, immunoglobulins. The tertiary and quaternary structure of an antibody in most cases includes two heavy chains and two light chains. As a result, they acquire the properties of linear dichroism. The series of fragments in Fig. 3 presents algorithmically reconstructed by the Muller matrix introscopy method thesiograms and 3D distributions of the linear dichroism value of supramolecular networks of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid of • Diagnostic, statistically significant markers of this pathological process are the increase in the mean and variance of the circular birefringence thesiograms. • Similarly, a set of 1st–2nd order statistical moments can be used to monitor the effectiveness of endometriosis treatment. OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CIRCULAR BIREFRINGENCE THESIOGRAM ANALYSIS OF DEHYDRATED PERITONEAL FLUID FILMS The diagnostic effectiveness of using statistical markers of the distribution of the circular birefringence value of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid of patients in de - tecting pathological changes is illustrated by the values of the operational characteristics (Table 4). The following parameters of the diagnostic power of statistical analysis of algorithmically reproduced thesiograms were experimentally established: The following parameters of the diagnostic power of statistical analysis of algorithmically reproduced thesiograms were experimentally established: Table 3. Statistical moments of the 1st – 4th orders, which characterize the distributions of the magnitude of circular birefringence of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid of patients Parameters Group 3.1 Group 3.2 SM₁ × 10-³ 0.07±0.004 0.12±0.007 p₂ p ≤ 0.05 SM₂ × 10-³ 0.05±0.003 0.08±0.005 p₂ p ≤ 0.05 SM₃ 1.44±0.088 1.13±0.062 p₂ p ≤ 0.05 SM₄ 2.33±0.13 1.98±0.104 p₂ p ≤ 0.05 Source: compiled by the authors of this study Table 4. Specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of the method for statistical analysis of circular birefringence maps of peritoneal fluid films Groups “1 – 2” Parameters Sensitivity, N=57 Specificity, H=69 Precision, N+H=126 SM₁ A=56 B=68 A+B=124 98.3 98.6 98.4 SM₂ A=56 B=67 A=B=123 98.3 97.1 97.6 SM₃ A=51 B=61 A+B=112 89.5 88.4 88.9 SM₄ A=51 B=60 A+B=111 89.5 87 88.1 Note. SM1, SM2 – excellent accuracy; SM 3, SM4 – good accuracy Source: compiled by the authors of this study 1967 Usage of methods polarization-phase mueller-matrix introscopy for early diagnosis of endometriosis based on study... CIRCULAR DICHROISM THESIOGRAMS OF SUPRAMOLECULAR ALBUMIN NETWORKS OF DEHYDRATED PERITONEAL FLUID FILMS Experimentally determined thesiogram maps and 3D dis- tributions of the circular dichroism value of chiral protein complexes of supramolecular polycrystalline networks of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid of patients from control group 3.1 (fragments (1),(2)) and experimental group 3.2 (fragments (3),(4)) are shown in a series of fragments in Fig. 4. The presence of a polycrystalline chiral structure of op- tically anisotropic absorption of molecular complexes of samples of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid of patients from all groups was established (Fig. 4, fragments (1), (3)). It was found that for samples of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis there is a slight increase in the level of circular dichroism of molecular structures. Quantitatively, the processes of change in circular dichro- ism are illustrated by statistical moments of the 1st - 4th orders, which characterize thesiograms of supramolecular networks of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid (Table 7). Analysis of algorithmically reproduced thesiograms of supramolecular networks of dehydrated peritoneal fluid films revealed a correlation of the prognostic scenario of changes in optically anisotropic (chiral) absorption of protein complexes and an increase in the value of circular dichroism in the presence of endometriosis. At the same time, statistically significant (markers of this pathological process are an increase in the value of the central statistical moments of the 1st and 2nd orders. OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIAGNOSTIC POWER OF THE

OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF CIRCULAR DICHROISM THESIOGRAMS OF SUPRAMOLECULAR GLOBULIN NETWORKS OF DEHYDRATED PERITONEAL FLUID FILMS Experimental results of information analysis of circular dichroism thesiograms of dehydrated peritoneal fluid films are given in Table 8. patients from control group 3.1 (fragments (1),(2)) and experimental groups 3.2 (fragments (3),(4)). The Muller matrix introscopy method revealed the mechanisms of optically anisotropic absorption of de- hydrated films of peritoneal fluid, which is illustrated by algorithmically reproduced linear dichroism thesio- grams (Fig. 3, fragments (1), (3)). For dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid from patients with endometriosis (Fig. 3, fragments (2), (4)), a decrease in the linear dichroism of supramolecular polycrystalline networks was found (Table 5). The results of statistical analysis of linear dichroism thesiograms revealed: • reduction in the value of linear dichroism due to the destruction of tertiary and quaternary proteins of the peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis (study group 3.2). The following diagnostic statistical markers of endometriosis have been established - asymmetry and excess of the tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins in samples of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid. OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIAGNOSTIC POWER OF THE METHOD OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LINEAR DICHROISM THESIOGRAMS OF PERITONEAL FLUID FILMS The parameters of the effectiveness of the differential diagnosis of endometriosis, as well as monitoring the effectiveness of its treatment, illustrate the values of the operational characteristics, which are given in Table 6. The following parameters of the diagnostic power of the method of polarization-phase Muller matrix recon- struction of linear dichroism thesiograms of supramo- lecular protein networks of dehydrated peritoneal fluid films were experimentally established: • good (– 90.5%) and very good (– 92.1% - 93.7%) accuracy of endometriosis diagnosis - groups “3.1” – “3.2” . Table 5. Statistical moments of the 1st – 4th orders, which characterize the linear dichroism distributions of dehydrated peritoneal fluid films Parameters Group 3.1 Group 3.2 SM₁ × 10-³ 0.07±0.004 0.12±0.007 p₂ p ≤ 0.05 SM₂ × 10-³ 0.05±0.003 0.08±0.005 p₂ p ≤ 0.05 SM₃ 1.44±0.088 1.13±0.062 p₂ p ≤ 0.05 SM₄ 2.33±0.13 1.98±0.104 p₂ p ≤ 0.05 Source: compiled by the authors of this study Oksana V. Bakun et al. 1968 The following parameters of the diagnostic power of the method of statistical analysis of circular dichroism thesiograms of supramolecular networks of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid were established (Table 8): • very good (– 90.5% - 94.5%) accuracy of early diagnosis of endometriosis - groups “3.1” – “3.2” .

In our work, we will use the basic principles of the theory of Muller matrix thesiography of optically anisotropic macro-, micro- and molecular structures of biological tissues in application to the development of objective criteria (markers) for early (preclinical) diagnosis of endometriosis and assessment of the effectiveness of its treatment.Peritoneal fluid is composed of water, electrolytes, antibodies, leukocytes, and biochemicals. According data other authors [1,3], antibodies, immunoglobulins are large globular proteins secreted by plasma cells of the immune system. They have a Y-shaped shape, at two ends of the molecule there are two identical antigen binding sites, and the third end can be one of several types, depending on which antibodies are classified into one or another class. The tertiary and quaternary structure of one antibody in most cases includes two heavy chains and two light chains. As a result, they acquire the properties of linear birefringence and dichroism. • The parameters of these anisotropy mechanisms, which form the thesiogram of the hydrated peritoneal fluid film, represent a set of early (pre-clinical) signs of the presence of endometriosis. • Leukocytes are spherical protein formations and exhibit circular birefringence and circular dichroism. • A decreased or increased number of leukocytes in the blood is an important clinical indicator of the presence of a pathological process. Therefore, an increase in the level of circular birefringence and circular dichroism of the thesiogram of the hydrated film of peritoneal fluid can serve as additional objective criteria for endometriosis. Peritoneal fluid is composed of water, electrolytes, antibodies, leukocytes, and biochemicals. Leukocytes are spherical protein formations and have manifestations of circular dichroism. A reduced or increased number of leukocytes in the blood is an important clinical indicator of the presence of a pathological process. Therefore, an increase in the level of circular dichroism of the Table 6. Specificity, sensitivity, accuracy of the method of statistical analysis of linear dichroism maps of peritoneal fluid films Parametersz Sensitivity, Se, % N=57 Specificity, Sp, % H=69 Precision, Ac, % N+H=126 SM₁ A=54 94.7 B=64 92.8 A+B=118 93.7 SM₂ A=53 92.3 B=63 91.3 A+B=116 92.1 SM₃ A=52 91.2 B=62 89.9 A+B=114 90.5 SM₄ A=53 92.3 B=63 91.3 A+B=116 92.1 Note. SM1, SM2, SM4 – very good accuracy; SM 3 – good accuracy Source: compiled by the authors of this study Table 7. Statistical moments of the 1st – 4th orders, which characterize the distributions of the circular dichroism value of dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid Parameters Group 3.1 Group 3.2 1 2 3 SM₁ 10-3 0.067±0.004 0.11±0.007 p₂ p ≤ 0.05 SM₂ 10-3 0.035±0.003 0.068±0.005 p₂ p ≤ 0.05 SM₃ 1.57±0.089 1.21±0.065 p₂ p ≤ 0.05 SM₄ 2.52±0.14 2.19±0.12 p₂ p ≤ 0.05 Source: compiled by the authors of this study 1969 Usage of methods polarization-phase mueller-matrix introscopy for early diagnosis of endometriosis based on study... markers for the diagnosis of endometriosis by the

of polarization-phase Muller-matrix introscopy were experimentally established. Dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid: linear birefringence - unsatisfactory (– 74.6% - 80.1%) diagnostic accuracy - groups “3.1” - “3.2”; circular birefringence - excellent (– 97.6% - 98.4%) and good (– 88.1% - 88.9%) diagnostic accuracy - groups “3.1” - “3.2”; linear dichroism - good (– 90.5%) diagnostic accuracy of endometriosis - groups “3.1” - “3.2”; circular dichroism - very good (– 90.5% - 94.5%) diagnostic accuracy - groups “3.1” - “3.2.

The conducted cycle of stusies of the diagnostic ef- fectiveness of the new in biomedical practice method polarization-phase Muller-matrix introscopy of the polycrystalline component of biological preparations (peritoneal fluid) revealed a high level of accuracy of early diagnosis of genital endometriosis. dehydrated film of perineal fluid can serve as additional

criteria for endometriosis. These data have correlation with our research. The highest level of linear birefringence for histolog- ical sections of endometrial biopsy; the minimum level of optical anisotropy of this type for dehydrated films of peritoneal fluid. The growth of phase shift dispersion due to extracellular matrix anisotropy is accompanied by reversed changes in the statistical moments of the 3rd and 4th orders. On this basis, the principles of Jones-matrix classification of the polarization-phase properties of the basic types of histological sections of biological tissues according to the ranges of change of a set of statistical moments characterizing the corresponding matrix elements are established and substantiated. By statistical analysis of a series of thesiograms of the distributions of the optical anisotropy parameters of biological preparations, the following most effective

1. Trifonyuk L, Sdobnov A, Baranowski W et al. Differential Mueller matrix imaging of partially depolarizing optically anisotropic biological tissues. Lasers Med Sci. 2020;35(4):877-91. doi:10.1007/s10103-019-02878-2. DOI 2. Ushenko VA, Sdobnov AY , Mishalov WD et al. Biomedical applications of Jones-matrix tomography to polycrystalline films of biological fluids. Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences. 2019;12(6):1950017. doi:10.1142/S1793545819500172. DOI 3. Ushenko VA, Hogan BT, Dubolazov A et al. Embossed topographic depolarisation maps of biological tissues with different morphological structures. Sci Rep. 2021[cited 2024;11(1):3871. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83017-2. DOI 4. Peyvasteh M, Dubolazov A, Popov A et al. Two-point Stokes vector diagnostic approach for characterization of optically anisotropic biological tissues. J Phys D: Appl Phys. 2020;53(39):395401. doi:10.1088/1361-6463/ab9571 . DOI 5. Dubolazov A, Ushenko V, Litvinenko O et al. Polarization-interference mapping of the distributions of the parameters of the Stokes vector of the object field of a biological optically anisotropic layer. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2020;11369:113691N. doi:10.1117/12.2553953. DOI CONFLICT OF INTEREST The Authors declare no conflict of interest Table 8. Specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of the method for statistical analysis of circular dichroism maps of dehydrated peritoneal fluid films Groups “1 – 2” Parameters Sensitivity Se (%) N = 57 Specificity Sp (%) H = 69 Precision Ac (%) N + H = 126 SM₁ A = 55 96.5 B = 64 92.8 A + B = 119 94.4 SM₂ A = 54 94.7 B = 64 92.8 A + B = 118 93.7 SM₃ A = 52 91.2 B = 62 89.9 A + B = 114 90.5 SM₄ A = 52 91.2 B = 62 89.9 A + B = 114 90.5 Note. SM1, SM2, SM3, SM4 – very good accuracy Source: compiled by the authors of this study Oksana V. Bakun et al. 1970 CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Oksana V. Bakun Bukovinian State Medical University 129 Golovna St., 58000 Chernivtsi, Ukraine e – mail: [email protected] ORCID AND CONTRIBUTIONSHIP Oksana V. Bakun: 0000-0002-4742-2265 Volodymyr A. Doroshko: 0000-0003-4906-0330 Oksana V. Kolesnik: 0000-0001-9087-2635 Ksenia V. Slobodian: 0000-0001-7872-6731 Oksana I. Yurkiv: 0000-0003-2958-3564 Alla I. Peryzhniak: 0000-0003-0139-0058 Yuliya F. Marchuk: 0000-0002-3702-1994 – Work concept and design, – Data collection and analysis, – Responsibility for statistical analysis, – Writing the article, – Critical review, – Final approval of the article RECEIVED: 18.05.2025 ACCEPTED: 22.09.2025 CREATIVE COMMONS 4.0