Pelvic Pain Arising from Ovarian Remnant Syndrome

In: Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain · 2021 · pp. 150–155 · doi:10.1017/9781108877084.015 · W3134215972
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Ovarian remnant syndrome, causing cyclical pelvic pain after attempted oophorectomy due to residual ovarian tissue, is diagnosed via ultrasound and hormonal assays, and treated surgically, often by experienced surgeons.

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This chapter describes pelvic pain caused by ovarian remnant syndrome, focusing on patients who have had an attempted oophorectomy with residual ovarian tissue left behind, often during total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy complicated by severe adhesions. It reports that patients commonly experience severe unilateral sharp pelvic pain with a cyclical pattern, and that ultrasound may show a cystic adnexal mass though absence of a mass does not exclude the diagnosis; hormonal assays may be helpful. The chapter states treatment is surgical and that operating can be especially difficult because the original oophorectomy was likely difficult, so removal should be performed by highly qualified providers experienced with severe adhesions. It concludes that patients in whom the ovarian remnant is successfully removed are almost always cured of their pain, and it relates to endometriosis because ovarian surgery for severe pelvic disease is discussed in the context of endometriosis-associated hysterectomy/oophorectomy and residual ovarian fragments in the provided literature.

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Abstract

Ovarian remnant syndrome occurs in patients who have had attempted oophorectomy and part of the ovary was left behind. It often happens in patients who are undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in the setting of severe pelvic adhesions. In those cases, the surgeon, to avoid injury to the ureter, which is not well visible, clamps gonadal vessels too close to the ovary and some ovarian tissue remains in the patient. The patient often experience severe, sharp unilateral pelvic pain that is cyclical in nature. On ultrasound there is often a cystic adnexal mass but lack of a mass does not rule out an ovarian remnant. Hormonal assays may also be helpful. Treatment is surgical but surgery for this condition may be overly difficult because the original surgery to remove the ovary was most likley difficult in the first place. Procedures to remove ovarian remnants should be performed only by highly qualified providers who are experienced in operating in the setting of severe adhesions. On a positive note, patients in whom ovarian remnant was successfully removed are almost always cured of their pain.
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Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain Buy print or eBook [Opens in a new window] A Practical Manual - Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain - Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain - Copyright page - Contents - Contributors - Foreword - Chapter 1 Introduction to Chronic Pelvic Pain - Chapter 2 Neurobiological Basis of Pelvic Pain - Chapter 3 History and Evaluation of Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain - Chapter 4 Psychological Assessment of a Female Patient with Chronic Pelvic Pain - Chapter 5 Musculoskeletal Assessment for Patients with Pelvic Pain - Chapter 6 Pharmacological Management of Patients with Pelvic Pain - Chapter 7 Evidence for Surgery for Pelvic Pain - Chapter 8 Pelvic Pain Arising from Endometriosis - Chapter 9 Bladder Pain Syndrome - Chapter 10 Pelvic Pain Arising from Pelvic Congestion Syndrome - Chapter 11 Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Chapter 12 Vulvodynia - Chapter 13 Pelvic Pain Arising from Adhesive Disease - Chapter 14 Pelvic Pain Arising from Ovarian Remnant Syndrome - Chapter 15 Pudendal Neuralgia - Chapter 16 Other Peripheral Pelvic Neuralgias - Chapter 17 Chronic Pain After Gynecological Surgery - Chapter 18 Pain Arising from Pelvic Mesh Implants - Chapter 19 Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction Arising from Chronic Pelvic Pain - Chapter 20 Physical Therapy Interventions for Musculoskeletal Impairments in Pelvic Pain - Chapter 21 If Everything Else Fails - Index - References Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 March 2021 Edited by Book contents - Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain - Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain - Copyright page - Contents - Contributors - Foreword - Chapter 1 Introduction to Chronic Pelvic Pain - Chapter 2 Neurobiological Basis of Pelvic Pain - Chapter 3 History and Evaluation of Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain - Chapter 4 Psychological Assessment of a Female Patient with Chronic Pelvic Pain - Chapter 5 Musculoskeletal Assessment for Patients with Pelvic Pain - Chapter 6 Pharmacological Management of Patients with Pelvic Pain - Chapter 7 Evidence for Surgery for Pelvic Pain - Chapter 8 Pelvic Pain Arising from Endometriosis - Chapter 9 Bladder Pain Syndrome - Chapter 10 Pelvic Pain Arising from Pelvic Congestion Syndrome - Chapter 11 Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Chapter 12 Vulvodynia - Chapter 13 Pelvic Pain Arising from Adhesive Disease - Chapter 14 Pelvic Pain Arising from Ovarian Remnant Syndrome - Chapter 15 Pudendal Neuralgia - Chapter 16 Other Peripheral Pelvic Neuralgias - Chapter 17 Chronic Pain After Gynecological Surgery - Chapter 18 Pain Arising from Pelvic Mesh Implants - Chapter 19 Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction Arising from Chronic Pelvic Pain - Chapter 20 Physical Therapy Interventions for Musculoskeletal Impairments in Pelvic Pain - Chapter 21 If Everything Else Fails - Index - References Ovarian remnant syndrome occurs in patients who have had attempted oophorectomy and part of the ovary was left behind. It often happens in patients who are undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in the setting of severe pelvic adhesions. In those cases, the surgeon, to avoid injury to the ureter, which is not well visible, clamps gonadal vessels too close to the ovary and some ovarian tissue remains in the patient. The patient often experience severe, sharp unilateral pelvic pain that is cyclical in nature. On ultrasound there is often a cystic adnexal mass but lack of a mass does not rule out an ovarian remnant. Hormonal assays may also be helpful. Treatment is surgical but surgery for this condition may be overly difficult because the original surgery to remove the ovary was most likley difficult in the first place. Procedures to remove ovarian remnants should be performed only by highly qualified providers who are experienced in operating in the setting of severe adhesions. On a positive note, patients in whom ovarian remnant was successfully removed are almost always cured of their pain. - Type - Chapter - Information - Management of Chronic Pelvic PainA Practical Manual, pp. 150 - 155Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2021 Webb, MJ. Ovarian remnant syndrome. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 1989;29(4):433–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed Arden, D, Lee, T. Laparoscopic excision of ovarian remnants: retrospective cohort study with long-term follow-up. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2011;18(2):194–9.Google Scholar Chao, HA. Ovarian remnant syndrome at the port site. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2008;15(4):505–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed Shemwell, RE, Weed, JC. Ovarian remnant syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 1970;36(2):299–303.Google ScholarPubMed Cruikshank, SH, Van Drie, DM. Supernumerary ovaries: update and review. Obstet Gynecol. 1982;60(1):126–9.Google ScholarPubMed Elkins, TE, Stocker, RJ, Key, D, McGuire, EJ, Roberts, JA. 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Extension of ovarian tissue into the infundibulopelvic ligament beyond visual margins. Gynecol Oncol. 2009;114(1):61–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed Magtibay, PM, Nyholm, JL, Hernandez, JL, Podratz, KC. Ovarian remnant syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;193(6):2062–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed Kho, RM, Magrina, JF, Magtibay, PM. Pathologic findings and outcomes of a minimally invasive approach to ovarian remnant syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2007;87(5):1005–9.Google Scholar Imai, A, Matsunami, K, Takagi, H, Ichigo, S. Malignant neoplasia arising from ovarian remnants following bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (Review). Oncol Lett. 2014;8(1):3–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed Johns, DA, Diamond, MP. Adequacy of laparoscopic oophorectomy. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 1993;1(1):20–3.Google ScholarPubMed Dmowski, WP, Radwanska, E, Rana, N. Recurrent endometriosis following hysterectomy and oophorectomy: the role of residual ovarian fragments. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1988;26(1):93–103.Google Scholar Fat, BC, Terzibachian, JJ, Bertrand, V, Leung, F, de Lapparent, T, Grisey, A, et al. Ovarian remnant syndrome: diagnostic difficulties and management. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2009;37(6):488–94.Google Scholar Magrina, JF, Lidner, TK, Cornelia, JL, Lee, RA. Cyclic vaginal bleeding after total hysterectomy. J Pelvic Surg. 1998;4(2):62–6.Google Scholar Kaminski, PF, Meilstrup, JW, Shackelford, DP, Sorosky, JI, Thieme, GA. Ovarian remnant syndrome, a reappraisal: the usefulness of clomiphene citrate in stimulating and pelvic ultrasound in Locating Remnant Ovarian Tissue. J Gynecol Surg. 1995;11(1):33–9.Google Scholar Narayansingh, G, Cumming, G, Parkin, D, Miller, I. Ovarian cancer developing in the ovarian remnant syndrome: a case report and literature review. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2000;40(2):221–3.Google Scholar Mahdavi, A, Kumtepe, Y, Nezhat, F. Laparoscopic management of benign serous neoplasia arising from persistent ovarian remnant. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2007;14(5):654–6.Google Scholar Donnez, O, Squifflet, J, Marbaix, E, Jadoul, P, Donnez, J. Primary ovarian adenocarcinoma developing in ovarian remnant tissue ten years after laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2007;14(6):752–7.Google Scholar Rossing, MA, Cushing-Haugen, KL, Wicklund, KG, Doherty, JA, Weiss, NS. Risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in relation to benign ovarian conditions and ovarian surgery. Cancer Causes Control. 2008;19(10):1357–64.Google Scholar Chan, TL, Singh, H, Benton, AS, Harkins, GJ. Ovarian artery embolization as a treatment for persistent ovarian remnant syndrome. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2017;40(8):1278–80.Google Scholar Accessibility compliance for the HTML of this chapter is currently unknown and may be updated in the future. 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