Pelvic Müllerian duct cyst with coexisting endometriosis: a case report

Background Müllerian duct cyst (MDC) is an uncommon congenital lesion arising from incomplete regression of the paramesonephric duct. It typically presents as a midline pelvic cystic lesion and is often asymptomatic, making preoperative diagnosis challenging. Case presentation We report the case of a 37-year-old woman who was admitted in 2024 for evaluation of an incidentally discovered pelvic cystic lesion. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a well-circumscribed, non-enhancing posterior pelvic cystic lesion. Laparoscopic resection of the cyst was performed, and intraoperatively, dense adhesions were noted between the cyst, the posterior uterine wall, and the posterior peritoneum. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of MDC and revealed coexisting endometriosis in the adherent posterior peritoneum.

This case highlights the importance of considering MDC in the differential diagnosis of pelvic cystic lesions in women, as well as the potential coexistence of endometriosis. Similar content being viewed by others Abbreviations - MDC: - Müllerian duct cyst - MRI: - Magnetic resonance imaging - CT: - Computed tomography

Thanks for the help from the Pathology Department of Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital. Funding Not applicable. Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Ethics declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent for publication Written informed consent for publication of this case report and any associated clinical images was obtained from the patient. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Additional information Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Rights and permissions Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. About this article Cite this article Feng, W., Cao, C., Qiang, G. et al. Pelvic Müllerian duct cyst with coexisting endometriosis: a case report. BMC Women's Health (2026). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-026-04556-2 Received: Accepted: Published: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-026-04556-2