Risk factors for the development of endometrial fluid in women undergoing IVF: A retrospective cohort study✰

Pierre-Antoine Pradervand, Pradervand PA, Antaki R, Roland Antaki, Simon Phillips, Phillips S, Guedon AC, Aude-Christine Guedon, Lapensée L, Louise Lapensée, Preaubert L, Lise Preaubert, Lise Préaubert
Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction · 2021 · vol. 50(8) , pp. 102143 · doi:10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102143 · PMID:33862265 · W3154421733
article OA: closed CC0
View on OpenAlex View on PubMed View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite, 2026-06-10 ⓘ

This retrospective cohort study investigated risk factors associated with endometrial fluid development in women undergoing in vitro fertilization.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

Research questionPresence of endometrial fluid (EF) is a poorly understood pathology and remains a challenge for clinicians, as very little data exists to explain its consequences and treatment. Our objective was to investigate risk factors for EF during IVF.DesignThis retrospective cohort study included all women with a freeze all embryos cycle (FAE) for EF between 2010 and 2016 at a university-affiliated private IVF center. Controls (2:1) were randomly selected out of the database of our fresh autologous IVF cycles during the same period. Main outcome measures were possible risk factors for EF, comprising polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), previous pelvic or endometrial surgery (polypectomy or synechia removal), cesarean section, myomas and severe endometriosis. A logistic regression model was used to assess independent risk factors for EF.ResultsOut of 9000 IVF cycles, 1204 were FAE cycles, among which we identified 86 EF cases. We then selected 171 controls. Independent risk factors for presence of EF were a history of previous myomectomy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 19.77, 95%CI [4.01-97.53]), severe endometriosis (aOR 5.97, 95%CI [2.09-17.05]), PCOS (aOR 5.72, 95%CI [2.66-12.33]) and previous cesarean section (aOR 5.17, 95%CI [1.84-14.49]).ConclusionsOur results are not only confirming the association between PCOS, severe endometriosis, previous cesarean procedure and EF, but also reporting for the first time an association between previous myomectomy and EF.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

MeSH descriptors

Body Fluids Endometrium Fertilization in Vitro Ovulation Induction Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Adult Cohort Studies Endometrium Endometrium Female Fertilization in Vitro Fertilization in Vitro Fertilization in Vitro Humans Ovulation Induction Ovulation Induction Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Quebec Retrospective Studies Risk Factors

Citation neighborhood (sparse)

Too few in-corpus citations on either side for a chart; here are the lists.

Cites (3)

References (28)

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-08-18T06:10:16.649438+00:00
openalex
last seen: 2026-06-10T17:14:06.276822+00:00
pubmed
last seen: 2026-05-13T22:24:43.494969+00:00
unpaywall
last seen: 2026-08-18T06:27:49.008893+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK