Vaginal micronized progesterone versus intramuscular progesterone for luteal support in women undergoing in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer

M.F. Mitwally, Michael P. Diamond, Mostafa I. Abuzeid
In: Fertility and Sterility · 2009 · vol. 93(2) , pp. 554–569 · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.02.047 · PMID:19362305 · W1964382514
article OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 1 in-corpus citation
View on OpenAlex View on PubMed View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This study compared the efficacy of vaginal micronized progesterone against intramuscular progesterone for luteal support in women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

ObjectiveTo study the outcome of IVF-ET in women who used vaginal P (vaginal P(4)) versus those who used P in oil via IM injection (IM-P(4)) for luteal support.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingTertiary referral infertility center.Patient(s)A cohort of 544 women.Intervention(s)In 145 women, vaginal P(4) was used, while in 399 women, IM-P(4) was used for luteal support.Main outcome measure(s)The primary outcome was ongoing pregnancy rate. Secondary outcomes included other IVF-ET outcomes: rates of clinical pregnancy and pregnancy loss (chemical and miscarriage) and serum P levels during the luteal phase and early pregnancy.Result(s)Women who used vaginal P(4) for luteal support had ongoing pregnancy rates (odds ratio [OR], 1.0675; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7587-1.5020) and rates of total pregnancy loss (OR, 1.0775; 95% CI, 0.7383-1.5727) that were not statistically different from those who used IM-P(4). During the luteal phase, women who used vaginal P(4) had mean serum P levels that were not statistically different from those who used IM-P(4). However, during early pregnancy, mean P levels in pregnant women who used vaginal P(4) were statistically significantly higher.Conclusion(s)In women undergoing IVF-ET according to the GnRH agonist long protocol, luteal support with vaginal P(4) was associated with treatment outcomes that were no different from those associated with IM-P(4) luteal support.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

References (67)

Cited by (1)

Source provenance

openalex
last seen: 2026-05-11T06:39:27.580236+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK