Association between visceral adiposity index and endometriosis: a population-based study

Jiajia Zhang, Qian Zhang, T.C. Chu, Tianyu Chu, Xian Chen, Hui Zhou, Dewu Xu, Chunlin Dong, Yibo Wu
Frontiers in nutrition · 2025 · vol. 12 , pp. 1602288 · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1602288 · PMID:40761347 · PMC12318732 · W4412506173
article OA: gold CC0 ⤵ 2 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This population-based study found a significant positive association between the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and endometriosis in adults using NHANES data.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This cross-sectional population-based study used NHANES (1999–2006) participants aged ≥20 years (n=2,056; 163 self-reported endometriosis cases) to test whether visceral adiposity index (VAI), calculated from waist circumference, BMI, HDL-C, and triglycerides, was associated with endometriosis using weighted multivariable logistic regression, trend tests, restricted cubic spline modeling, sensitivity analyses, and subgroup analyses. The fully adjusted model found a statistically significant positive association between higher VAI and endometriosis (OR=1.08, 95% CI 1.04–1.12, p<0.001), with spline results indicating an overall linear positive relationship (non-linearity p=0.539). The paper explicitly notes limitations including that endometriosis diagnosis relied on self-report and that severity or laparoscopic information was unavailable. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it examines the association between visceral adiposity index and endometriosis risk using NHANES data.

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Abstract

Objectives Obesity and endometriosis are intricately linked. The body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as an indicator of obesity, but it has limitations. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a novel, low-cost composite index that reflects visceral adiposity accumulation and metabolic health status. The objective of our research was to investigate the association between VAI and endometriosis. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. The investigation utilized information from the NHANES (1999–2006), focusing on participants aged ≥20 years. We evaluated the association between VAI and endometriosis through five complementary approaches: multivariable-adjusted weighted logistic regression, trend tests, sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve. Results After screening, our analysis included 2,056 eligible subjects, among whom 163 cases of endometriosis were identified. The final adjusted logistic regression model demonstrated a significant positive association between VAI and endometriosis (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04–1.12, p &lt; 0.001). Results of restricted cubic spline fitting revealed a linear positive correlation between VAI and endometriosis ( p for overall &lt; 0.001; p for non-linear = 0.539). The results of subgroup analyses showed that some specific demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive characteristics were not statistically significant in influencing the correlation between VAI and endometriosis ( p &gt; 0.05 for all interactions). Conclusion Our study observed a statistically significant association between VAI and endometriosis. More prospective cohort investigations with large samples are required to further validate these findings because the etiology of endometriosis remains unclear.

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endometriosis

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