The Acute Clinical Features of Retrograde Menstruation
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This study investigated the acute clinical effects of retrograde menstruation, finding that menstrual blood spilling into the peritoneal cavity is painful.
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Abstract
Summary: The acute effects of retrograde menstruation were studied by endoscopy and cytology. The findings suggest that spillage of menstrual blood into the peritoneal cavity is painful. The technique of making this diagnosis is discussed and the therapeutic implications considered. Sampson (1921) suggested that menstrual blood containing fragments of endometrium might pass along the fallopian tubes in a retrograde manner and thus reach the peritoneal cavity. This phenomenon has subsequently been considered to account for the development of endometriosis (Sampson, 1921; Hughesdon, 1972) and possibly even endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary (Feroze, 1976). Any obstruction to the efflux of menstrual blood, including relative cervical stenosis, fibromyomas or congenital defects will favour retrograde menstruation. At the time of menstrual spillage onto the peritoneum does the patient experience pain? Or, is this a ‘clinically silent’ event? What proportion of the normal population have retrograde menstruation, and of those who do, what proportion have clinically detectable signs of blood in the peritoneal cavity? This study was undertaken to answer these clinical questions.
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References (4)
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- W1968557684 via openalex
- W2153214934 via openalex
- W2524742582 via openalex
Cited by (16)
- Is retrograde menstruation a universal, recurrent, physiological phenomenon? A systematic review of the evidence in humans and non-human primates 2024
- Proposal for targeted, neo-evolutionary-oriented, secondary prevention of early-onset endometriosis and adenomyosis. Part I: pathogenic aspects 2023
- Impact of curcumin, quercetin, or resveratrol on the pathophysiology of endometriosis: A systematic review 2022
- The Presence of Endometrial Cells in Peritoneal Fluid of Women With and Without Endometriosis 2016
- Semi-invasive Diagnosis of Endometriosis Doctoral Thesis 2010
- Quantity and quality of retrograde menstruation: a case control study 2009
- More than menorrhagia: a review of the obstetric and gynaecological manifestations of bleeding disorders 2005
- Endometriosis, retrograde menstruation and peritoneal inflammation in women and in baboons 2002
- Endometriosis a review of its pathogenesis 1997
- ENDOMETRIOSIS: A REVIEW OF ITS PATHOGENESIS 1997
- Theories on the pathogenesis of endometriosis 1996
- Theories on the pathogenesis of endometriosis 1996
- Epithelial cells in peritoneal fluid—of endometrial origin? 1995
- 1 Is endometriosis a disease? 1993
- 2 Menstruation as the pelvic aggressor 1993
- Menstrual symptoms in women with pelvic endometriosis 1991
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