Bi-Level Optimal Scheduling for Distribution Network with Electric Vehicles Considering Demand Response and Energy Storage Regulation

Bi-Level Optimal Scheduling for Distribution Network with Electric Vehicles Considering Demand Response and Energy Storage Regulation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Bi-Level Optimal Scheduling for Distribution Network with Electric Vehicles Considering Demand Response and Energy Storage Regulation Yanguo Huang, Weifeng Liu, Zhenyu Zhong, Chao Liu, Zijie Zhang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7751921/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The large-scale uncoordinated integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into distribution networks exacerbates the load peak-valley difference and impairs voltage stability, posing significant challenges to the safe and economical operation of distribution networks. This paper proposes a bi-level optimal scheduling method incorporating demand response (DR) and energy storage regulation. A spatiotemporal EV load model is constructed using Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) simulation. By integrating a time-of-use (TOU) price-based DR model and an energy storage regulation strategy, a bi-level optimization model is established: the upper level minimizes the total operating cost of the distribution network operator (DNO) by optimizing electricity pricing and energy storage system (ESS) charge-discharge strategies; the lower level minimizes EV users' charging costs by optimizing their charging behaviors. The Dream Optimization Algorithm (DOA), utilizing a "memory, forgetting-supplementation, and dream sharing" strategy, solves this high-dimensional, constrained problem. Comparisons show the method reduces DNO total operating cost by 3.84% (vs. TOU-only pricing) and user charging costs by 4.1% (vs. no optimization), while enhancing renewable energy accommodation, demonstrating its feasibility. Demand Response Energy Storage Regulation Quasi-Monte Carlo simulation Bi-level Optimization Dream Optimization Algorithm Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7751921","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":525428317,"identity":"73e26fe2-f499-48d0-a48c-aa9fed96ee5a","order_by":0,"name":"Yanguo Huang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA0UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgYeKIu9sfHhB9K08BxuNpYgzh6YFon0NgEevCqhgHlG7jGJnztqE+dHPmxjkGCwk9NtIOSwnnNpkr1njiduvJ3Y9qCAIdnY7AAhLe09ZhK8bccSN85ObDeQYDiQuI2glmYeM8m/IC0zD7ZJ8BClBWiLNG9bTeJ8CUZitfScMbaWbTtgvIEnERjIBkT4xXBGjuHNt211svPbjz98+KHCTo6wlgYwddhxA1ilAQHlICAPoers5RuIUD0KRsEoGAUjEwAAaP9GunkQKcAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yanguo","middleName":"","lastName":"Huang","suffix":""},{"id":525428318,"identity":"0137457a-df29-48aa-9c13-0b550661b8eb","order_by":1,"name":"Weifeng Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Weifeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":525428319,"identity":"baca5cda-c8b0-460f-ad35-f8cbdef01a33","order_by":2,"name":"Zhenyu Zhong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhenyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhong","suffix":""},{"id":525428320,"identity":"c689d9d6-a65c-4482-a4bc-0f7a7347e923","order_by":3,"name":"Chao Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chao","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":525428321,"identity":"ac768947-560e-4692-8449-efa018ba6460","order_by":4,"name":"Zijie Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zijie","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-30 13:23:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7751921/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7751921/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":95228764,"identity":"42bff0ba-5486-4d31-ac98-215e77ede1be","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:07","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":781628,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BiLevelOptimalSchedulingforDistributionNetworkwithElectricVehiclesConsideringDemandResponseandEnergyStorageRegulation.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/0c667f93743b4cddb95db9d5.docx"},{"id":95207550,"identity":"6623b457-5ae2-4b28-8e72-fc9a8924ce00","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":6254,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"024dd083b6e24969bb8f646237215432.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/0fb79cc590d0ca941383f12f.json"},{"id":95207554,"identity":"d2a4fad6-8b74-45fc-8a69-950430972f14","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":98318,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"024dd083b6e24969bb8f6462372154321enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/1ef376f1a12c4df926786d63.xml"},{"id":95207551,"identity":"413343e0-c5e8-4f04-ae87-de37dc76d76d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"emf","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":179168,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/0ddf5edadbd9a075866a99b1.emf"},{"id":95228693,"identity":"994bc565-42e4-4da3-8871-7cb7c6bd1a64","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:03","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":57175,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/9f7d5efe487266b4fe4dfa42.png"},{"id":95207559,"identity":"5d757e91-363d-486d-9855-c90b012da1e8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":26416,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/60b63c8ee938462449859052.png"},{"id":95228061,"identity":"5130ab7b-d0cd-47ad-b42e-65d88409c57a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:20","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":58196,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/1d168dcdf632ae8c35ae9680.png"},{"id":95207552,"identity":"a4a0c8e7-6982-4472-b5a2-c39010d916f7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":65203,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/14da1605500f6f8cd7ba1c43.png"},{"id":95227535,"identity":"e0efc68f-4502-4e6e-aa43-84bc760d01e0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:36","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":43144,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/bec5ee743be3fa735ebb3699.png"},{"id":95227671,"identity":"3e520abe-9f09-4adb-a4cc-93743b3bd6f8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:43","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":56629,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/a93009ebf6986344a58b86d8.png"},{"id":95228510,"identity":"b75c9639-ddbd-4172-b5be-a7575b13b921","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:50","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":19134,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/3faa42ae6abe045cc39e0ad6.png"},{"id":95228735,"identity":"90202796-13b1-4612-94f5-20564d4896ab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:05","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":41274,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/6c769fd602f7024dd10c5305.png"},{"id":95207564,"identity":"6b775293-e6bb-4114-b5c1-98395db05fb2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":42968,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/6dee91fb778fc86061653013.png"},{"id":95229235,"identity":"da133691-2751-49c0-8bc7-92b9724d295c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:38","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":50073,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/c1273ac64d463ec347b408cc.png"},{"id":95227473,"identity":"f1efaf75-9785-4cef-bcf7-08e9ddb24930","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:32","extension":"emf","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":41028,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/b3e17dbbdda1cc490244831f.emf"},{"id":95207570,"identity":"b8f818b8-17b4-4eca-b924-4ce7a77f0401","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"emf","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":148316,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/b690cc2a0c694dff1b8a0d39.emf"},{"id":95227672,"identity":"f514545c-0083-4f14-bcc2-5a7ee04ec18c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:44","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":59159,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/a9d163b71597396f1226cdb9.png"},{"id":95227584,"identity":"d61b7e4a-b59e-4f69-af27-9b3211601cd6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:38","extension":"wmf","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":780,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image12.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/5a6549236cf4b6d2e3ded255.wmf"},{"id":95228674,"identity":"5f54ff99-fb26-4b19-9962-be5d870a8a3d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:03","extension":"wmf","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1308,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image13.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/033a0be895cda0a2f2a60e6e.wmf"},{"id":95228573,"identity":"7dee6a20-71cf-4e79-ac29-3f6e166726e2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:56","extension":"wmf","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":888,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image14.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/e32f2e599639725023acd447.wmf"},{"id":95207569,"identity":"f18db2ea-b723-49d9-9cb4-e5a2158b6223","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"wmf","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":906,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image15.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/cca25a355317ace635dc4acb.wmf"},{"id":95207567,"identity":"18dc0645-30c7-4125-9381-9de7e2203fa0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"wmf","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":882,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image16.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/3a1ea395e04b818d9432fa15.wmf"},{"id":95228628,"identity":"27e2c7c4-4597-46b9-95d0-edac668507b6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:00","extension":"wmf","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1166,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image17.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/36778507f41ec9f0e11bab10.wmf"},{"id":95228461,"identity":"48ccbd44-9192-4689-8029-432af1dce0ea","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:46","extension":"wmf","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":3570,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image18.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/94cf294d8e70d9c2f7d7a27a.wmf"},{"id":95207577,"identity":"1c42a102-00f9-4d91-9b05-b7ba236d81a1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"wmf","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":758,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image20.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/6485842e35f04439dd573d1f.wmf"},{"id":95207573,"identity":"b4606c3d-1eaa-4b9b-a891-4d3931d9bfed","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"wmf","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":880,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image21.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/a0187d2ae91e718950ac4356.wmf"},{"id":95207575,"identity":"20ac13e1-9d8d-4f58-9bdb-1758902211cc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"wmf","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":896,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image22.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/6cca1fc25dab81fa1fb2aa3f.wmf"},{"id":95228685,"identity":"c946e956-ef6a-4bc5-a707-0625a55f6276","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:03","extension":"wmf","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":886,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image23.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/37eb43129ecb89e20da69e33.wmf"},{"id":95207571,"identity":"d2986410-32f8-463d-83cc-bef76685ab1d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"wmf","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":798,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image24.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/2d4036834e743aa079ad1b45.wmf"},{"id":95207589,"identity":"75840c87-872d-43be-8e9d-85cb8ec5ca1d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:37","extension":"wmf","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":760,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image25.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/1048e242cb89f374fe6a5021.wmf"},{"id":95207578,"identity":"41fd4566-afff-44fe-b2f2-259b361a8ecc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"wmf","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":912,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image26.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/ea7a3d1265bef64ec37c466d.wmf"},{"id":95228218,"identity":"d5f59f51-839e-4754-aa93-f78dbb889d0e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:28","extension":"wmf","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":764,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image27.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/eb1e2b8d04832fd69a731909.wmf"},{"id":95228082,"identity":"3dfa7763-bd40-433a-80d3-a40a6617ad30","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:21","extension":"wmf","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2136,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image28.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/e87269d7f71d7919cb835f5d.wmf"},{"id":95207600,"identity":"6ee504ce-69ae-4bf4-9928-3346c3d08d82","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:37","extension":"wmf","order_by":33,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1196,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image29.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/2847b1008d4b7f7d146b9783.wmf"},{"id":95207585,"identity":"391b26c5-53d9-4475-b4ee-fabbe169dc3a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"wmf","order_by":34,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1976,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image3.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/149b90087ea336a92dd1f8a9.wmf"},{"id":95227590,"identity":"41cfc0f4-fa9f-46ee-8c0f-c1369201ac7c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:38","extension":"wmf","order_by":35,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1764,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image30.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/1b9ff118309cedd727028ae7.wmf"},{"id":95207576,"identity":"445b7566-6fc6-402f-a055-fa037e25a670","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"wmf","order_by":36,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":3252,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image31.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/1e98a3fd7faa051ce83fbfb2.wmf"},{"id":95207582,"identity":"80446673-4178-4fbe-b6d1-7f54b41694ca","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"wmf","order_by":37,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":652,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image32.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/9816daaa52d05081881701d4.wmf"},{"id":95227828,"identity":"4bc2009a-7598-42a4-82e1-49418e94b2ef","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:59","extension":"wmf","order_by":38,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":776,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image33.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/62d7f286b8951473ea83b140.wmf"},{"id":95228122,"identity":"a3b591fd-3b12-454e-8fce-5e21a3b56c9d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:24","extension":"wmf","order_by":39,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":776,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image34.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/4569ed2c43371d713c3578b3.wmf"},{"id":95207602,"identity":"99759826-9a41-433d-a969-ab8b3ce4dcf8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:37","extension":"wmf","order_by":40,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":996,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image35.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/26a302afa5819d70044fe652.wmf"},{"id":95228696,"identity":"33c6b196-78a3-4760-8d85-afe070589738","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:04","extension":"wmf","order_by":41,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":996,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image36.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/6c67ec6e8e0b1c833dea7999.wmf"},{"id":95207591,"identity":"5a869050-e87c-42e1-ad8e-e3a54ccffd7b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:37","extension":"wmf","order_by":42,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":790,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image37.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/89e430a7dfad18b999e5bdb2.wmf"},{"id":95207606,"identity":"d6dd77bd-7a0a-4e2d-ac9b-9d5325f0799c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:37","extension":"wmf","order_by":43,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2226,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image38.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/2b88b11ed63ce8aee70d7fb4.wmf"},{"id":95207586,"identity":"56e0d4f2-bf78-44bd-a325-8c0234cca79a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"wmf","order_by":44,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1904,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image39.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/15a5311a933d042f32d8e8bf.wmf"},{"id":95228087,"identity":"3361d66f-cf69-4af9-b354-492ab1d90c44","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:21","extension":"wmf","order_by":45,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":798,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image4.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/b4ec2de631c7c891b8149cfb.wmf"},{"id":95207580,"identity":"0c36f01c-0575-402e-b08f-4b72c29c4f5d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"wmf","order_by":46,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":902,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image40.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/88bc5522a2344bced29cb985.wmf"},{"id":95207588,"identity":"52aae19b-7525-427a-a225-42b07ea60a72","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:37","extension":"wmf","order_by":47,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":902,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image41.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/09c8862b91a35b06bebbf379.wmf"},{"id":95207583,"identity":"df31d547-7bc8-4347-8855-171c491513c6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:36","extension":"wmf","order_by":48,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2850,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image42.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/0bd948dbed8b20c63dcaeee8.wmf"},{"id":95207597,"identity":"01b4d7d3-1f2d-4e47-96a4-54c6f825d3ca","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:37","extension":"wmf","order_by":49,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":758,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image43.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/164330731647a6fec103afd7.wmf"},{"id":95229233,"identity":"289ad061-bb6d-4f3e-9230-efb519a29fde","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:38","extension":"wmf","order_by":50,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":774,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image44.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/acaf32e31a007fbae6d0a7f1.wmf"},{"id":95228013,"identity":"b6d78c49-a9eb-4d43-aada-6bc1036fa611","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:18","extension":"wmf","order_by":51,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":796,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image45.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/9fd3230988fd7fcd331b9316.wmf"},{"id":95227372,"identity":"daddf289-bbac-4a3c-9f0a-407b4b5743b9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:25","extension":"wmf","order_by":52,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":782,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image46.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/f12420bf96c2ff52acd16797.wmf"},{"id":95207595,"identity":"07f23bbc-f9cf-4591-a8f5-8802fb62f20f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:37","extension":"wmf","order_by":53,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1820,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image47.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/95e03b85a53664dfd41b9e32.wmf"},{"id":95207596,"identity":"b7e473b8-fb7e-4640-ba28-30ce9625efe6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:37","extension":"wmf","order_by":54,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":758,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image48.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/6f217cb1b5a87ccabf58fd32.wmf"},{"id":95229009,"identity":"4abde0c8-ce04-48b7-ab32-4d532baeab6f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:20","extension":"wmf","order_by":55,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":902,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image49.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/237bcce7e6318ccfa5be2fe6.wmf"},{"id":95228110,"identity":"a325117a-5bf2-4b1f-a77d-08e83dd321aa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:23","extension":"wmf","order_by":56,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":902,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image5.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/409ca8cdd2f74f9672f6ea23.wmf"},{"id":95229179,"identity":"64c57935-33fd-4fb7-8ead-d27c1313d64b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:33","extension":"wmf","order_by":57,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2156,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image50.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/b54e537e6536c77f2e5696e0.wmf"},{"id":95227502,"identity":"af22c404-7842-45b2-9084-a96f3f7ed071","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:34","extension":"wmf","order_by":58,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1064,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image51.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/30f6f87d8b675c4dd03cec8e.wmf"},{"id":95228561,"identity":"fac93078-6f07-4d6d-9fd1-625e493c0b72","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:55","extension":"wmf","order_by":59,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":882,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image52.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/faf94f0df5a2f6f55bf8166d.wmf"},{"id":95207616,"identity":"83d07d40-7599-4706-bc05-34b0a2a4f891","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:38","extension":"wmf","order_by":60,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1402,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image53.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/3c0d5009a19508e05ae59558.wmf"},{"id":95207641,"identity":"cbb4c72a-1472-43ee-9a2a-0f2983306cb0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:38","extension":"wmf","order_by":61,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1182,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image54.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/ddb77018bb04652ee51c696a.wmf"},{"id":95207619,"identity":"b539a15b-796b-41d7-9671-e5b12ec9a369","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:38","extension":"wmf","order_by":62,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1154,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image55.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/889efc21176205e09a664398.wmf"},{"id":95207604,"identity":"5ddaabdd-b42b-4efa-9baa-946779078524","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:37","extension":"wmf","order_by":63,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":886,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image56.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/4544f0c69b43db55ad6c2ce8.wmf"},{"id":95228886,"identity":"d8f538eb-df51-43ea-b462-392ad0edecf2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:14","extension":"wmf","order_by":64,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1166,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image57.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/959905e411372238e76388d5.wmf"},{"id":95227983,"identity":"8c9c34c6-2a7b-4ffd-9ff8-7e06a50caed0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:17","extension":"wmf","order_by":65,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":880,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image58.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/81c10602abb60f39245debb9.wmf"},{"id":95228160,"identity":"67487726-c43e-430d-8c80-e79266ac5b77","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:27","extension":"wmf","order_by":66,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":764,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image59.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/cdca84b5aef044ce7200c871.wmf"},{"id":95207623,"identity":"44c8aa6a-cc7c-462d-a19c-a64202b1eb93","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:38","extension":"wmf","order_by":67,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":748,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image6.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/3a637c0cd5d0c874c01ecade.wmf"},{"id":95228854,"identity":"5bb8315a-ff62-42c2-ae73-1c7f7403ee45","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:12","extension":"wmf","order_by":68,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":986,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image60.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/cf455584b227b623e559a237.wmf"},{"id":95207642,"identity":"3e365752-3819-4904-996b-2aec8ea84dc2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:38","extension":"wmf","order_by":69,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1012,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image61.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/464d981f199f83c8c38f63b5.wmf"},{"id":95207612,"identity":"df629311-65e1-42e8-98a7-eb8d95306ce3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:37","extension":"wmf","order_by":70,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":758,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image9.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/44102f168213e4be9128022a.wmf"},{"id":95229082,"identity":"2e5a91bd-e095-4738-9398-35d6fa4373ed","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:26","extension":"png","order_by":71,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":15970,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/e84a8fdef8b8b5802316f74e.png"},{"id":95207656,"identity":"2856d66e-b5c1-4234-a4d7-eb3f369540df","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":72,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":19138,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/42acf4ade36d12ef550f3c0d.png"},{"id":95227746,"identity":"c7bcc9a1-c3a3-4ff5-a796-d08179a66c6b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:52","extension":"png","order_by":73,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":13569,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/d618989fead26df161a91232.png"},{"id":95207609,"identity":"ce377242-0551-4944-9a10-7727e2aa32f5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:37","extension":"png","order_by":74,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":23843,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/946881527e0926ef5cd5c56a.png"},{"id":95207627,"identity":"00c92b9f-119b-43b6-8bad-ec560ebb5a4a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:38","extension":"png","order_by":75,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":24659,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/e45c18f5e878f912404cc422.png"},{"id":95228502,"identity":"5cbcc739-6285-4675-8173-032463b8673c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:50","extension":"png","order_by":76,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":18228,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/201914e6b08e259abbb4b225.png"},{"id":95228279,"identity":"ea9092a7-dfb7-4c2b-acad-ac30e0e4d76d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:34","extension":"png","order_by":77,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":28569,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/aec5dba066203593e7241a25.png"},{"id":95207601,"identity":"e5b634c8-ddf1-473e-9c17-90c19f7e8acd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:37","extension":"png","order_by":78,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9825,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/6139870c986bed56e4272d44.png"},{"id":95228866,"identity":"c35d6c2b-735f-4193-9c92-f15f3acd52d9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:12","extension":"png","order_by":79,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":19442,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/5d6064acaa448e9079e4273f.png"},{"id":95227309,"identity":"417f5328-081e-4ee0-9f4a-75968cdc3a0b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:22","extension":"png","order_by":80,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":20370,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/87bb5b2f7e2eb0dbc8306c2b.png"},{"id":95227443,"identity":"55e42950-2b22-476d-a28b-f8aeefbe5a72","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:30","extension":"png","order_by":81,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":21647,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/58cdc5905cfbdb350b973686.png"},{"id":95207618,"identity":"db12a11c-5f2b-41dd-8acf-745ed5757b3a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:38","extension":"png","order_by":82,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9309,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/5964f6595163dcfa93f5303e.png"},{"id":95227450,"identity":"933f74f0-eec9-4cd7-8ea9-39b0cbc2179b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:30","extension":"png","order_by":83,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":12779,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/589ff8c72edd5938a1f11a21.png"},{"id":95228965,"identity":"686440ce-fa5d-4fa5-8aab-c79978895f6e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:19","extension":"png","order_by":84,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":19660,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/e1286890982eea2592398f3c.png"},{"id":95207614,"identity":"b61db263-02b2-4c16-9cb4-274e3528d8bc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:38","extension":"png","order_by":85,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":405,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/32d95aef0cb9d7c3dffcef1e.png"},{"id":95207599,"identity":"abfc9c6e-a0b5-409a-a591-660b31f8c264","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:37","extension":"png","order_by":86,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":578,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/13bf8c4d05da2a6fb3104868.png"},{"id":95207660,"identity":"a10fd365-f53f-4c75-9de4-8430820b22c6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":87,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":320,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/fa0379992df408cb28ea5f9a.png"},{"id":95207626,"identity":"a1dd5f20-b124-473f-939f-895752ddf488","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:38","extension":"png","order_by":88,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":330,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/a221800ab8f7f497f1589e1f.png"},{"id":95229095,"identity":"b5065fa4-b64f-4cea-a95c-f9f87c483048","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:27","extension":"png","order_by":89,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":343,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage16.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/9add98bd24eee0634bb1866f.png"},{"id":95228190,"identity":"e76fc86f-ce12-47ff-a5bf-9032778efb8d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:27","extension":"png","order_by":90,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":622,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage17.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/d8348e08bcb846833c7cab76.png"},{"id":95228097,"identity":"b677405a-9403-4663-b90d-4f077a7ccc76","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:22","extension":"png","order_by":91,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2620,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage18.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/e8bb224296eb6760f587402f.png"},{"id":95227722,"identity":"3a959773-1d83-4e55-9e1b-a9d8bf75dfcc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:48","extension":"png","order_by":92,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":269,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage20.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/5ea2e1d178e7718895ea6d16.png"},{"id":95229039,"identity":"96220c37-a9dc-40c3-bc15-5a9764f2d89e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:23","extension":"png","order_by":93,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":365,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage21.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/4674ee07fe41b6571762e757.png"},{"id":95229077,"identity":"8ec4bf5b-bdb2-49cd-ac33-50585546cef7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:26","extension":"png","order_by":94,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":409,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage22.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/ca187b8a75c76b508411f52d.png"},{"id":95207646,"identity":"3d0e26fe-27a9-4962-80a0-94a50c2b65fa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:38","extension":"png","order_by":95,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":394,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage23.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/bfe057d70531d3c3c0725ee1.png"},{"id":95227481,"identity":"8caf3448-0bb4-491e-a78a-985ac7dfd6e5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:33","extension":"png","order_by":96,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":388,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage24.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/28dd2283e69dbfb34d4c551b.png"},{"id":95227970,"identity":"103282ef-c100-49a8-ad68-ef3dbe27631a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:14","extension":"png","order_by":97,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":275,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage25.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/9aa014d5b1a3609ef57d3699.png"},{"id":95207649,"identity":"3078ab19-7bde-4be5-92e9-5da0c5eb4c63","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":98,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":486,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage26.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/faeb350351036b0229505d2d.png"},{"id":95312296,"identity":"ad8f3fd7-473d-4e1c-ab1a-ef594ac70e15","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-06 15:48:43","extension":"png","order_by":99,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":268,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage27.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/9525386f2f71044a531416b1.png"},{"id":95207635,"identity":"285e23da-0ed9-4bae-ad95-7236f451f9c8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:38","extension":"png","order_by":100,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1121,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage28.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/d0967936ddaeb8db2490b624.png"},{"id":95207652,"identity":"fadaa84d-47e7-479a-8fd8-0e54f8139c25","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":101,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":943,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage29.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/7caf287b2df3d1906e6d8a12.png"},{"id":95207632,"identity":"f02cde14-cec1-4f1d-9364-9d84419271b6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:38","extension":"png","order_by":102,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1418,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/885b9d598a455a7a1cc91807.png"},{"id":95207621,"identity":"6b4fb450-f5b4-4839-8d08-f5c029d26478","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:38","extension":"png","order_by":103,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1276,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage30.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/e14ca788655ffd504b3638e0.png"},{"id":95227953,"identity":"5bc58cb2-6033-46dd-a5f9-459ed76bcb57","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:13","extension":"png","order_by":104,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2696,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage31.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/5fe222baec402927d9ef3220.png"},{"id":95228527,"identity":"83057dce-d461-4c31-832f-c38dd2dd2562","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:53","extension":"png","order_by":105,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":384,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage32.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/35b9b7ddfc80eeaf960d1a8a.png"},{"id":95207663,"identity":"d9acd48d-1a1c-47f3-ae90-749a9802de59","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":106,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":368,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage33.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/101988a53b9e222d218c5577.png"},{"id":95207629,"identity":"20e8d00c-bca5-4045-91a2-4d06c0ea5fc1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:38","extension":"png","order_by":107,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":323,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage34.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/51e3c11bc8a6e04685760be9.png"},{"id":95229184,"identity":"2e4c4513-0a63-4da2-9345-ccc206fc4dc6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:34","extension":"png","order_by":108,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":385,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage35.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/8a0f7c9ddef4ba0a86354341.png"},{"id":95207683,"identity":"56817c75-ad52-497b-bdc1-19094f7cb892","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:40","extension":"png","order_by":109,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":378,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage36.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/0e7f80d9340f0173008f2ec1.png"},{"id":95207647,"identity":"28d68c70-9829-4419-bee8-ae33a15bd6fc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:38","extension":"png","order_by":110,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":373,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage37.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/4895a164334607208fc09621.png"},{"id":95228883,"identity":"633ae87f-c4cd-4f01-95dd-49a767935222","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:14","extension":"png","order_by":111,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1548,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage38.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/965e2dac64438112f46f5335.png"},{"id":95312106,"identity":"6b982a16-db79-4976-902c-8d8278396151","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-06 15:47:05","extension":"png","order_by":112,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1190,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage39.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/89a874c44b450a2500b4d204.png"},{"id":95228636,"identity":"c653a842-ae41-4871-95ea-207d254919e2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:00","extension":"png","order_by":113,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":456,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/4b9b0e024f3140d94a9cfba9.png"},{"id":95229113,"identity":"ccd76a4c-f128-4d90-9c8f-164bf7bfc347","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:28","extension":"png","order_by":114,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":460,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage40.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/d9c56e316ff9623ccd9e1403.png"},{"id":95228042,"identity":"ef75f67e-f971-46e5-a6b4-6eed80f3e060","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:19","extension":"png","order_by":115,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":440,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage41.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/e49691dcafeb132db77e95ae.png"},{"id":95228074,"identity":"fa3aa2ca-5101-4a3a-aab4-f0b482edb86f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:21","extension":"png","order_by":116,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2609,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage42.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/c6f39edcdda35b10b6d5092c.png"},{"id":95207651,"identity":"c3526650-d3dd-4387-bba4-5a3659628e6d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":117,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":269,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage20.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/c9d6bec01103f425039bcfa6.png"},{"id":95227317,"identity":"674d2198-0dbf-4df1-847e-2347f438cb3c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:22","extension":"png","order_by":118,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":369,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage44.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/3589eeecc280e8854b8fb086.png"},{"id":95227437,"identity":"374f76cd-83ab-4e92-8ec6-d022d5624b27","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:30","extension":"png","order_by":119,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":405,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage45.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/3e83532de8037338a429d073.png"},{"id":95207664,"identity":"c71dde79-a14c-4d75-a05e-671fa8268f1a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":120,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":379,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage46.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/c701294d31df7bf4420c0154.png"},{"id":95207691,"identity":"9e59c41c-8856-4dd7-8035-e95838030382","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:40","extension":"png","order_by":121,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1199,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage47.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/fc1c2df4e9492db44a054c1c.png"},{"id":95227487,"identity":"60345400-48f5-435a-b915-4502d3dfe1ba","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:33","extension":"png","order_by":122,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":269,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage20.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/d5eb22b81a2d4fa23421aed7.png"},{"id":95207669,"identity":"89456b59-c33e-4ea2-802e-dc1f2431d9f9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":123,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":445,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage49.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/48c09fc6187e9b6a31bddf35.png"},{"id":95229106,"identity":"43338d2d-3b30-4d28-94c5-de22f2fb19b9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:27","extension":"png","order_by":124,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":368,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/e50033f4b1c18b0188142652.png"},{"id":95207665,"identity":"9b7fd813-3d1a-4048-be15-659dfd1be757","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":125,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1208,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage50.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/4dddc0409b802f083198eef3.png"},{"id":95207672,"identity":"1ab98f27-9bf6-4995-87c1-8182358500fb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":126,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":512,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage51.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/a5ada9e4f183fec01faacda4.png"},{"id":95207668,"identity":"9e9eb7e9-f18c-42db-9f40-9a663c8c1797","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":127,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":384,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage52.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/a075a77707d18d2c8b0afeac.png"},{"id":95207674,"identity":"cf21f4da-9e7d-46a3-a96b-a5bdd7612dab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":128,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1081,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage53.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/28a90fa90c123108741dca4a.png"},{"id":95207676,"identity":"5346d5ed-12e4-4fba-8627-89d0aeed5a70","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":129,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":512,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage51.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/f8c074e29c067b70d1f89592.png"},{"id":95227845,"identity":"7f95d98c-c3dc-4e3e-ba24-31068c8d1819","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:01","extension":"png","order_by":130,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":609,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage55.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/85706b2b83cb8bd4de59cd36.png"},{"id":95228194,"identity":"6dcc2f8d-1699-4de4-aee9-417619260164","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:28","extension":"png","order_by":131,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":400,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage56.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/de62aa14f3506105366c81d2.png"},{"id":95229245,"identity":"222ce960-3ff5-4f5e-bfea-fa09c666e4e5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:40","extension":"png","order_by":132,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":771,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage57.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/95bce837ce4bb0d42270acfd.png"},{"id":95228687,"identity":"aa460d59-5780-4a4f-b594-4cac0dacb431","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:03","extension":"png","order_by":133,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":365,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage21.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/1f85f447ba70144db907fb3a.png"},{"id":95228581,"identity":"f260ee51-0f27-48d3-97af-c8e00c1b4229","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:33:57","extension":"png","order_by":134,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":389,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage59.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/c424d51ed8c6ae6ee6d82222.png"},{"id":95207666,"identity":"8942e429-5393-4c7f-b9d9-61c51eef10fd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":135,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":344,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/281fd17c26b14b4dee9f888c.png"},{"id":95207686,"identity":"afeb202f-591b-452f-a229-ff235d470fab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:40","extension":"png","order_by":136,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":449,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage60.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/683c47a64e6d96db71228251.png"},{"id":95207679,"identity":"4adb03af-9aa2-411c-b2ec-b4fa2928acca","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 13:34:39","extension":"png","order_by":137,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":479,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage61.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/13108877c7502dd4e899e40f.png"},{"id":95229078,"identity":"44f8fa20-1f2f-4407-aef6-72ad365309d3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:26","extension":"png","order_by":138,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":269,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage20.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/44f2709599d205ac971c2cde.png"},{"id":95227485,"identity":"aa878c59-7f79-4428-b9f2-25f090338d43","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:32:33","extension":"xml","order_by":139,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":97275,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"024dd083b6e24969bb8f6462372154321structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/e4b467658829170cd0900ba1.xml"},{"id":95229061,"identity":"6ec2c3ee-3949-4b85-bcff-b6eb9bb42991","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:34:24","extension":"html","order_by":140,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":107164,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1/b11ca71863c7a5fc7f196eca.html"},{"id":97136277,"identity":"02e5b150-b12c-4dba-89de-a96135235c9a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 09:56:17","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":883755,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BiLevelOptimalSchedulingforDistributionNetworkwithElectricVehiclesConsideringDemandResponseandEnergyStorageRegulation.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7751921/v1_covered_b332f94e-d2bb-438a-88ac-d625cca7a05d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Bi-Level Optimal Scheduling for Distribution Network with Electric Vehicles Considering Demand Response and Energy Storage Regulation","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Demand Response, Energy Storage Regulation, Quasi-Monte Carlo simulation, Bi-level Optimization, Dream Optimization Algorithm","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7751921/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7751921/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe large-scale uncoordinated integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into distribution networks exacerbates the load peak-valley difference and impairs voltage stability, posing significant challenges to the safe and economical operation of distribution networks. This paper proposes a bi-level optimal scheduling method incorporating demand response (DR) and energy storage regulation. A spatiotemporal EV load model is constructed using Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) simulation. By integrating a time-of-use (TOU) price-based DR model and an energy storage regulation strategy, a bi-level optimization model is established: the upper level minimizes the total operating cost of the distribution network operator (DNO) by optimizing electricity pricing and energy storage system (ESS) charge-discharge strategies; the lower level minimizes EV users' charging costs by optimizing their charging behaviors. The Dream Optimization Algorithm (DOA), utilizing a \"memory, forgetting-supplementation, and dream sharing\" strategy, solves this high-dimensional, constrained problem. Comparisons show the method reduces DNO total operating cost by 3.84% (vs. TOU-only pricing) and user charging costs by 4.1% (vs. no optimization), while enhancing renewable energy accommodation, demonstrating its feasibility.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Bi-Level Optimal Scheduling for Distribution Network with Electric Vehicles Considering Demand Response and Energy Storage Regulation","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-05 13:34:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7751921/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"165bb54d-0cd4-4cec-bda7-071b86dd8df4","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 5th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-27T16:08:36+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-05 13:34:30","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7751921","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7751921","identity":"rs-7751921","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}