Chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia

Jo Ann Rosenfeld
In: Handbook of Women's Health · 2009 · pp. 167–174 · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511642111.014 · W1534770579
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This paper reviews emergency contraception, condoms, oral contraceptive pills, male sterilization, and factors affecting contraceptive access for women.

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Abstract

Contraception is an inherent part of good health care for women. Emergency contraception (EC) is birth control used to prevent pregnancy after known or suspected failure of contraception or unprotected intercourse, including sexual assault. Women who use EC should be given additional opportunities to consider whether a more permanent or better method of contraception is warranted. Once adolescents have had a sexual experience, they may be even more open to reconsidering abstinence and should be encouraged to consider abstinence as a potential choice. Certain types of condoms provide some protection against sexually transmitted infections. Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are hormonal methods of birth control. For most women, pregnancy and/or abortion are associated with a greater risk of mortality and morbidity than oral contraceptives. Male sterilization is the most cost-effective contraceptive method, with a failure rate of 0.1 to 4%. Many circumstances affect a woman's access to contraception.
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- Handbook of Women's Health - Handbook of Women's Health - Copyright page - Dedication - Contents - Contributors - Section 1 Introduction - Section 2 Sexuality - Section 3 Genitourinary concerns - Chapter 10 Menstrual changes: amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome, and abnormal menstrual bleeding - Chapter 11 Menstrual, urogynecological and vasomotor changes in perimenopause and menopause - Chapter 12 Sexually transmitted diseases - Chapter 13 Vaginitis - Chapter 14 Chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia - Chapter 15 The Papanicolaou smear and cervical cancer - Chapter 16 Postmenopausal bleeding and endometrial cancer - Chapter 17 Ovarian cancer and masses - Chapter 18 Urinary incontinence and infections - Section 4 Breast disorders - Section 5 Psychological concerns - Section 6 Common medical problems - Index from Section 3 - Genitourinary concerns Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 December 2009 Edited by Book contents - Handbook of Women's Health - Handbook of Women's Health - Copyright page - Dedication - Contents - Contributors - Section 1 Introduction - Section 2 Sexuality - Section 3 Genitourinary concerns - Chapter 10 Menstrual changes: amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome, and abnormal menstrual bleeding - Chapter 11 Menstrual, urogynecological and vasomotor changes in perimenopause and menopause - Chapter 12 Sexually transmitted diseases - Chapter 13 Vaginitis - Chapter 14 Chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia - Chapter 15 The Papanicolaou smear and cervical cancer - Chapter 16 Postmenopausal bleeding and endometrial cancer - Chapter 17 Ovarian cancer and masses - Chapter 18 Urinary incontinence and infections - Section 4 Breast disorders - Section 5 Psychological concerns - Section 6 Common medical problems - Index This chapter presents the definition, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of chronic pelvic pain (CPP), dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. The most common causes of CPP are gastrointestinal. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation, and diverticulitis, all can cause chronic pelvic pain. Women with high stress levels have two times the risk of dysmenorrhea. A higher risk of suffering dysmenorrhea occurs in women who are overweight. Women with dyspareunia had higher pain scores and higher levels of psychological distress, low levels of marital adjustment and more problems with sexual function. Treatment of dyspareunia is based on one of the three types: insertional dyspareunia, pain in a specific location, and pain with deep penetration. Pain associated with menopausal disorders and sexual relations is common and often the presenting complaint to the physician. The case of dyspareunia may be difficult to discover but an organized approach including psychological expectations may produce improvement. - Type - Chapter - Information - Handbook of Women's Health , pp. 167 - 174Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009 Accessibility compliance for the HTML of this chapter is currently unknown and may be updated in the future. To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle. Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service. - Chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia - - Book: Handbook of Women's Health - Online publication: 26 December 2009 To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox. - Chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia - - Book: Handbook of Women's Health - Online publication: 26 December 2009 To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive. - Chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia - - Book: Handbook of Women's Health - Online publication: 26 December 2009

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