Mechanisms and regulations of endometrial angiogenesis

Caroline E. Gargett, Gareth Weston, PAW Rogers, Peter A. W. Rogers
In: Reproductive Medicine Review · 2002 · vol. 10(1) , pp. 45–61 · doi:10.1017/s0962279902000133 · W2170716139
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-09 ⓘ

This review discusses the mechanisms and regulation of endometrial angiogenesis, focusing on its roles in implantation, placentation, and pathological conditions like endometriosis and breakthrough bleeding.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-19 · read from full text ⓘ

This paper is a review describing angiogenesis as the formation of new blood vessels and explaining how it occurs regularly in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle, supporting processes such as embryo implantation, placentation, endometrial regeneration after menstruation, and reproductive events in the ovary. It summarizes mechanisms and regulation of endometrial angiogenesis, with particular reference to implantation and placentation, and then discusses angiogenic roles in two endometrial pathologies: endometriosis and breakthrough bleeding. The key caveat is that, as an update/review, it does not present new experimental data but instead synthesizes existing knowledge and frames aberrations in angiogenesis as contributors to disorders including endometriosis. This paper centrally about endometriosis — it specifically references endometriosis among endometrial pathologies linked to altered angiogenic processes.

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Abstract

Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature. Angiogenesis occurs regularly in the endometrium throughout the reproductive life of females as part of the rapid growth and regression of this tissue that occurs during the menstrual cycle. It is now clearly evident that angiogenesis plays a key role in reproductive processes such as embryo implantation, placentation, endometrial regeneration after menstruation, and in the ovary during folliculogenesis and corpus luteum formation. Given the complexity and continual change of the endometrial milieu, it seems highly likely that aberrations in the angiogenic process may contribute to various disorders, including endometrial cancer, endometriosis, menorrhagia and breakthrough bleeding – all significant and common gynaecological pathologies. This review provides an update on the mechanisms and regulation of endometrial angiogenesis, with particular reference to the role of angiogenesis in implantation and placentation, as well as two endometrial pathologies – endometriosis and breakthrough bleeding.
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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 July 2002 Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature. Angiogenesis occurs regularly in the endometrium throughout the reproductive life of females as part of the rapid growth and regression of this tissue that occurs during the menstrual cycle. It is now clearly evident that angiogenesis plays a key role in reproductive processes such as embryo implantation, placentation, endometrial regeneration after menstruation, and in the ovary during folliculogenesis and corpus luteum formation. Given the complexity and continual change of the endometrial milieu, it seems highly likely that aberrations in the angiogenic process may contribute to various disorders, including endometrial cancer, endometriosis, menorrhagia and breakthrough bleeding – all significant and common gynaecological pathologies. This review provides an update on the mechanisms and regulation of endometrial angiogenesis, with particular reference to the role of angiogenesis in implantation and placentation, as well as two endometrial pathologies – endometriosis and breakthrough bleeding. - Type - Research Article - Information - Copyright - © 2002 Cambridge University Press - 8 - Cited by Cited by Crossref Citations Zaitseva, Marina Yue, Doris Sum Katzenellenbogen, John A. Rogers, Peter A. W. and Gargett, Caroline E. 2004. Estrogen Receptor-α Agonists Promote Angiogenesis in Human Myometrial Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation, Vol. 11, Issue. 8, p. 529. Girling, J.E. Heryanto, B. Patel, N. and Rogers, P.A.W. 2004. Effect of long-term progestin treatment on endometrial vasculature in normal cycling mice. Contraception, Vol. 70, Issue. 4, p. 343. Girling, Jane E. and Rogers, Peter A.W. 2005. Recent advances in endometrial angiogenesis research. Angiogenesis, Vol. 8, Issue. 2, p. 89. Hickey, M. Krikun, G. Kodaman, P. Schatz, Frederick Carati, C. and Lockwood, C. J. 2006. Long-Term Progestin-Only Contraceptives Result in Reduced Endometrial Blood Flow and Oxidative Stress. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol. 91, Issue. 9, p. 3633. Girling, Jane E. Lederman, Fiona L. Walter, Lisa M. and Rogers, Peter A. W. 2007. Progesterone, But Not Estrogen, Stimulates Vessel Maturation in the Mouse Endometrium. Endocrinology, Vol. 148, Issue. 11, p. 5433. Novella-Maestre, E. Carda, C. Noguera, I. Ruiz-Sauri, A. Garcia-Velasco, J. A. Simon, C. and Pellicer, A. 2009. Dopamine agonist administration causes a reduction in endometrial implants through modulation of angiogenesis in experimentally induced endometriosis. Human Reproduction, Vol. 24, Issue. 5, p. 1025. Novella-Maestre, Edurne Simón, Carlos García-Velasco, Juan A. and Pellicer, Antonio 2011. Human Assisted Reproductive Technology. p. 101. Pellicer, Nuria Galliano, Daniela Herraiz, Sonia Bagger, Yu Z Arce, Joan-Carles and Pellicer, Antonio 2021. Use of dopamine agonists to target angiogenesis in women with endometriosis. Human Reproduction, Vol. 36, Issue. 4, p. 850.

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