Clinical and diagnostic features of various forms of genital endometriosis (adenomyosis, external genital endometriosis, endometrioid cysts) in adolescent girls

The study investigated clinical and diagnostic features of different forms of genital endometriosis in adolescent girls, using a retrospective case-control design comparing 58 laparoscopically confirmed cases (external genital endometriosis and/or adenomyosis, including endometrioid ovarian cysts) with 30 somatically healthy controls. It reported that the main complaint was menstrual-related pain (most often in the first 3–4 days and sometimes before menses), typically developing about 1.5 years after menarche and being resistant to antispasmodics/NSAIDs, and it identified hormonal and laboratory/Imaging differences by subtype, including higher CA-125 and MRI-detected signals for early external genital endometriosis, as well as MRI advantages for adenomyosis-related myometrial changes. As a limitation explicitly reflected in the design, the work relied on retrospective chart data and included only adolescents with confirmed diagnoses via laparoscopy/given the selection criteria. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically, it analyzes diagnostic clues and clinical presentation of adolescent genital endometriosis subtypes including adenomyosis.

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