References
1. Greenwood SM, Moran JJ. Chronic endometritis: morphologic and clinical observations. Obstet Gynecol. 1981;58(2):176-84.
PMID: 7254729
2. McQueen DB, Maniar KP, Hutchinson A, Confino R, Bernardi L, Pavone ME. Redefining chronic endometritis: the importance of endometrial stromal changes. Fertil Steril. 2021;116(3):855-61.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.04.036
PMID: 34120737
3. Zhang Y, Xu H, Liu Y, Zheng S, Zhao W, Wu D, et al. Confirmation of chronic endometritis in repeated implantation failure and success outcome in IVF-ET after intrauterine delivery of the combined administration of antibiotic and dexamethasone. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2019;82(5):e13177.
DOI: 10.1111/aji.13177
PMID: 31373128
4. Coughlan C, Ledger W, Wang Q, Liu F, Demirol A, Gurgan T, et al. Recurrent implantation failure: definition and management. Reprod Biomed Online. 2014;28(1):14-38.
DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.08.011
PMID: 24269084
5. Valdes CT, Schutt A, Simon C. Implantation failure of endometrial origin: it is not pathology, but our failure to synchronize the developing embryo with a receptive endometrium. Fertil Steril. 2017;108(1):15-8.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.05.033
PMID: 28668151
6. Buzzaccarini G, Vitagliano A, Andrisani A, Santarsiero CM, Cicinelli R, Nardelli C, et al. Chronic endometritis and altered embryo implantation: a unified pathophysiological theory from a literature systematic review. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2020;37(12):2897-911.
DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01955-8
PMID: 33025403
7. Wang WJ, Zhang H, Chen ZQ, Zhang W, Liu XM, Fang JY, et al. Endometrial TGF-β, IL-10, IL-17 and autophagy are dysregulated in women with recurrent implantation failure with chronic endometritis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2019;17(1):2.
DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0444-9
PMID: 30606202
8. Kitaya K, Yasuo T. Aberrant expression of selectin E, CXCL1, and CXCL13 in chronic endometritis. Mod Pathol. 2010;23(8):1136-46.
DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.98
PMID: 20495539
9. Wu D, Kimura F, Zheng L, Ishida M, Niwa Y, Hirata K, et al. Chronic endometritis modifies decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2017;15(1):16.
DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0233-x
PMID: 28259137
10. Matteo M, Cicinelli E, Greco P, Massenzio F, Baldini D, Falagario T, et al. Abnormal pattern of lymphocyte subpopulations in the endometrium of infertile women with chronic endometritis. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2009;61(5):322-9.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2009.00698.x
PMID: 19341383
11. Carvalho FM, Aguiar FN, Tomioka R, de Oliveira RM, Frantz N, Ueno J. Functional endometrial polyps in infertile asymptomatic patients: a possible evolution of vascular changes secondary to endometritis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;170(1):152-6.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.05.012
PMID: 23773528
12. Pinto V, Matteo M, Tinelli R, Mitola PC, De Ziegler D, Cicinelli E. Altered uterine contractility in women with chronic endometritis. Fertil Steril. 2015;103(4):1049-52.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.01.007
PMID: 25681852
13. Moreno I, Cicinelli E, Garcia-Grau I, Gonzalez-Monfort M, Bau D, Vilella F, et al. The diagnosis of chronic endometritis in infertile asymptomatic women: a comparative study of histology, microbial cultures, hysteroscopy, and molecular microbiology. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218(6):602.e1-16.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.02.012
PMID: 29477653
14. Haggerty CL, Peipert JF, Weitzen S, Hendrix SL, Holley RL, Nelson DB, et al.; PID Evaluation and Clinical Health (PEACH) Study Investigators. Predictors of chronic pelvic pain in an urban population of women with symptoms and signs of pelvic inflammatory disease. Sex Transm Dis. 2005;32(5):293-9.
DOI: 10.1097/01.olq.0000162361.69041.a5
PMID: 15849530
15. Cicinelli E, De Ziegler D, Nicoletti R, Colafiglio G, Saliani N, Resta L, et al. Chronic endometritis: correlation among hysteroscopic, histologic, and bacteriologic findings in a prospective trial with 2190 consecutive office hysteroscopies. Fertil Steril. 2008;89(3):677-84.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.03.074
PMID: 17531993
16. Johnstone FD, Williams AR, Bird GA, Bjornsson S. Immunohistochemical characterization of endometrial lymphoid cell populations in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Obstet Gynecol. 1994;83(4):586-93.
DOI: 10.1097/00006250-199404000-00017
PMID: 7907778
17. Frank TS, Himebaugh KS, Wilson MD. Granulomatous endometritis associated with histologically occult cytomegalovirus in a healthy patient. Am J Surg Pathol. 1992;16(7):716-20.
DOI: 10.1097/00000478-199207000-00010
PMID: 1326899
18. Cicinelli E, Matteo M, Tinelli R, Lepera A, Alfonso R, Indraccolo U, et al. Prevalence of chronic endometritis in repeated unexplained implantation failure and the IVF success rate after antibiotic therapy. Hum Reprod. 2015;30(2):323-30.
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu292
PMID: 25385744
19. Vitagliano A, Saccardi C, Noventa M, Di Spiezio Sardo A, Saccone G, Cicinelli E, et al. Effects of chronic endometritis therapy on in vitro fertilization outcome in women with repeated implantation failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2018;110(1):103-112.e1.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.03.017
PMID: 29908776
20. Kitaya K, Matsubayashi H, Takaya Y, Nishiyama R, Yamaguchi K, Takeuchi T, et al. Live birth rate following oral antibiotic treatment for chronic endometritis in infertile women with repeated implantation failure. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2017;78(5):78.
DOI: 10.1111/aji.12719
PMID: 28608596
21. Cicinelli E, Matteo M, Trojano G, Mitola PC, Tinelli R, Vitagliano A, et al. Chronic endometritis in patients with unexplained infertility: prevalence and effects of antibiotic treatment on spontaneous conception. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2018;79(1):e12782.
DOI: 10.1111/aji.12782
PMID: 29135053
22. Bouet PE, El Hachem H, Monceau E, Gariépy G, Kadoch IJ, Sylvestre C. Chronic endometritis in women with recurrent pregnancy loss and recurrent implantation failure: prevalence and role of office hysteroscopy and immunohistochemistry in diagnosis. Fertil Steril. 2016;105(1):106-10.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.09.025
PMID: 26456229
23. Liu Y, Chen X, Huang J, Wang CC, Yu MY, Laird S, et al. Comparison of the prevalence of chronic endometritis as determined by means of different diagnostic methods in women with and without reproductive failure. Fertil Steril. 2018;109(5):832-9.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.022
PMID: 29778382
24. Haggerty CL, Ness RB, Amortegui A, Hendrix SL, Hillier SL, Holley RL, et al. Endometritis does not predict reproductive morbidity after pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188(1):141-8.
DOI: 10.1067/mob.2003.87
PMID: 12548208
25. Bayer-Garner IB, Nickell JA, Korourian S. Routine syndecan-1 immunohistochemistry aids in the diagnosis of chronic endometritis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2004;128(9):1000-3.
DOI: 10.5858/2004-128-1000-RSIAIT
PMID: 15335255
26. Kitaya K, Yasuo T. Inter-observer and intra-observer variability in immunohistochemical detection of endometrial stromal plasmacytes in chronic endometritis. Exp Ther Med. 2013;5(2):485-8.
DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.824
PMID: 23407614
27. Liu Y, Chen X, Huang J, Wang CC, Yu MY, Laird S, et al. Comparison of the prevalence of chronic endometritis as determined by means of different diagnostic methods in women with and without reproductive failure. Fertil Steril. 2018;109(5):832-9.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.022
PMID: 29778382
28. Cicinelli E, Vitagliano A, Kumar A, Lasmar RB, Bettocchi S, Haimovich S, et al.; International Working Group for Standardization of Chronic Endometritis Diagnosis. Unified diagnostic criteria for chronic endometritis at fluid hysteroscopy: proposal and reliability evaluation through an international randomized-controlled observer study. Fertil Steril. 2019;112(1):162-173.e2.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.03.004
PMID: 31104760
29. Yang R, Du X, Wang Y, Song X, Yang Y, Qiao J. The hysteroscopy and histological diagnosis and treatment value of chronic endometritis in recurrent implantation failure patients. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014;289(6):1363-9.
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-3131-2
PMID: 24395012
30. Song D, Li TC, Zhang Y, Feng X, Xia E, Huang X, et al. Correlation between hysteroscopy findings and chronic endometritis. Fertil Steril. 2019;111(4):772-9.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.12.007
PMID: 30683588
31. Johnston-MacAnanny EB, Hartnett J, Engmann LL, Nulsen JC, Sanders MM, Benadiva CA. Chronic endometritis is a frequent finding in women with recurrent implantation failure after in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2010;93(2):437-41.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.12.131
PMID: 19217098
32. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372(71):n71.
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n71
PMID: 33782057
33. Kasius JC, Fatemi HM, Bourgain C, Sie-Go DM, Eijkemans RJ, Fauser BC, et al. The impact of chronic endometritis on reproductive outcome. Fertil Steril. 2011;96(6):1451-6.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.09.039
PMID: 22019126
34. Robertson SA, Jin M, Yu D, Moldenhauer LM, Davies MJ, Hull ML, et al. Corticosteroid therapy in assisted reproduction - immune suppression is a faulty premise. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(10):2164-73.
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew186
PMID: 27591233
35. Zhang T, Huang C, Du Y, Lian R, Mo M, Zeng Y, et al. Successful treatment with intrauterine delivery of dexamethasone for repeated implantation failure. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2017;78(6):e12766.
DOI: 10.1111/aji.12766
PMID: 28921750
36. Xiong Y, Chen Q, Chen C, Tan J, Wang Z, Gu F, et al. Impact of oral antibiotic treatment for chronic endometritis on pregnancy outcomes in the following frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles of infertile women: a cohort study of 640 embryo transfer cycles. Fertil Steril. 2021;116(2):413-21.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.03.036
PMID: 33926717
37. Sekulovski N, Whorton AE, Shi M, MacLean JA, Hayashi K. Endometriotic inflammatory microenvironment induced by macrophages can be targeted by niclosamide†. In Vivo. 2019;100(2):398-408.
DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy222
PMID: 30329025
38. Sfakianoudis K, Simopoulou M, Nitsos N, Lazaros L, Rapani A, Pantou A, et al. Successful Implantation and Live Birth Following Autologous Platelet-rich Plasma Treatment for a Patient with Recurrent Implantation Failure and Chronic Endometritis. In Vivo. 2019;33(2):515-21.
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11504
PMID: 30804135
39. Canumalla SA, Blakemore JK, Grifo JA, Keefe DL. What is the most effective treatment for endometritis in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology? Fertil Steril. 2019;105(3):106-10.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.961
40. Crum CP, Egawa K, Fenoglio CM, Richart RM. Chronic endometritis: the role of immunohistochemistry in the detection of plasma cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1983;147(7):812-5.
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(83)90045-5
PMID: 6359886
41. Gilmore H, Fleischhacker D, Hecht JL. Diagnosis of chronic endometritis in biopsies with stromal breakdown. Hum Pathol. 2007;38(4):581-4.
DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.09.002
PMID: 17188330
42. Adegboyega PA, Pei Y, McLarty J. Relationship between eosinophils and chronic endometritis. Hum Pathol. 2010;41(1):33-7.
DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.07.008
PMID: 19801162
43. Li Y, Xu S, Yu S, Huang C, Lin S, Chen W, et al. Diagnosis of chronic endometritis: how many CD138+ cells/HPF in endometrial stroma affect pregnancy outcome of infertile women? Am J Reprod Immunol. 2021;85(5):e13369.
DOI: 10.1111/aji.13369
PMID: 33152123
44. Liu Y, Chen X, Huang J, Wang CC, Yu MY, Laird S, et al. Comparison of the prevalence of chronic endometritis as determined by means of different diagnostic methods in women with and without reproductive failure. Fertil Steril. 2018;109(5):832-9.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.022
PMID: 29778382
45. Tersoglio AE, Salatino DR, Reinchisi G, Gonzalez A, Tersoglio S, Marlia C. Repeated implantation failure in oocyte donation. What to do to improve the endometrial receptivity? JBRA Assist Reprod. 2015;19(2):44-52.
DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20150012
PMID: 27206087
46. Huang W, Liu B, He Y, Xie Y, Liang T, Bi Y, et al. Variation of diagnostic criteria in women with chronic endometritis and its effect on reproductive outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Reprod Immunol. 2020;140:103146.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103146
PMID: 32442825
47. Moreno I, Codoñer FM, Vilella F, Valbuena D, Martinez-Blanch JF, Jimenez-Almazán J, et al. Evidence that the endometrial microbiota has an effect on implantation success or failure. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(6):684-703.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.09.075
PMID: 27717732
48. Verstraelen H, Vilchez-Vargas R, Desimpel F, Jauregui R, Vankeirsbilck N, Weyers S, et al. Characterisation of the human uterine microbiome in non-pregnant women through deep sequencing of the V1-2 region of the 16S rRNA gene. PeerJ. 2016;4:e1602.
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1602
PMID: 26823997
49. Benner M, Ferwerda G, Joosten I, van der Molen RG. How uterine microbiota might be responsible for a receptive, fertile endometrium. Hum Reprod Update. 2018;24(4):393-415.
DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy012
PMID: 29668899
50. Cicinelli E, Ballini A, Marinaccio M, Poliseno A, Coscia MF, Monno R, et al. Microbiological findings in endometrial specimen: our experience. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012;285(5):1325-9.
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-011-2138-9
PMID: 22113463
51. Haahr T, Zacho J, Bräuner M, Shathmigha K, Skov Jensen J, Humaidan P. Reproductive outcome of patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation treatment and diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis or abnormal vaginal microbiota: a systematic PRISMA review and meta-analysis. BJOG. 2019;126(2):200-7.
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15178
PMID: 29469992
52. Cicinelli E, De Ziegler D, Nicoletti R, Tinelli R, Saliani N, Resta L, et al. Poor reliability of vaginal and endocervical cultures for evaluating microbiology of endometrial cavity in women with chronic endometritis. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2009;68(2):108-15.
DOI: 10.1159/000223819
PMID: 19521097
53. Moreno I, Codoñer FM, Vilella F, Valbuena D, Martinez-Blanch JF, Jimenez-Almazán J, et al. Evidence that the endometrial microbiota has an effect on implantation success or failure. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(6):684-703.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.09.075
PMID: 27717732
54. Liu Y, Ko EY, Wong KK, Chen X, Cheung WC, Law TS, et al. Endometrial microbiota in infertile women with and without chronic endometritis as diagnosed using a quantitative and reference range-based method. Fertil Steril. 2019;112(4):707-717.e1.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.05.015
PMID: 31327470
55. Kushnir VA, Solouki S, Sarig-Meth T, Vega MG, Albertini DF, Darmon SK, et al. Systemic Inflammation and Autoimmunity in Women with Chronic Endometritis. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2016;75(6):672-7.
DOI: 10.1111/aji.12508
PMID: 26952510
56. Drizi A, Djokovic D, Laganà AS, van Herendael B. Impaired inflammatory state of the endometrium: a multifaceted approach to endometrial inflammation. Current insights and future directions. Przegl Menopauz. 2020;19(2):90-100.
DOI: 10.5114/pm.2020.97863
PMID: 32802019
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The Author transfers to the Publisher (Slovenian Medical Association) all economic copyrights following form Article 22 of the Slovene Copyright and Related Rights Act (ZASP), including the right of reproduction, the right of distribution, the rental right, the right of public performance, the right of public transmission, the right of public communication by means of phonograms and videograms, the right of public presentation, the right of broadcasting, the right of rebroadcasting, the right of secondary broadcasting, the right of communication to the public, the right of transformation, the right of audiovisual adaptation and all other rights of the author according to ZASP.
The aforementioned rights are transferred non-exclusively, for an unlimited number of editions, for the term of the statutory
The Author can make use of his work himself or transfer subjective rights to others only after 3 months from date of first publishing in the journal Zdravniški vestnik/Slovenian Medical Journal.
The Publisher (Slovenian Medical Association) has the right to transfer the rights of acquired parties without explicit consent of the Author.
The Author consents that the Article be published under the Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0 (attribution-non-commercial) or comparable licence.