Ultrasound-assisted biosynthesis of gelatin-gold nanocomposite: investigation of its antioxidant activity and its performance as anti-endometrial cancer in vitro

The current study outlines the simple process of designing Au nanoparticles (NPs) under mild conditions using gelatin as a natural capping and reducing agent. Through the use of UV–Vis (ultraviolet–visible), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy, TEM (transmission electron microscopy), FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and elemental mapping techniques, the formation of gold nanoparticles stabilized by gelatin (Au NPs@Gel) and their structural properties were investigated. Gelatin-capped Au NPs produced the spherical, lowest average particle sizes, ranging from 10 to 15 nm, according to the microscopic images. Additionally, Au NPs/Gelatin showed a notably high percentage of cytotoxicity when tested against common human endometrial cell lines, such as AN3-CA and HEC-1-A, but a very low percentage of toxicity when tested against normal cell lines. Au NPs@Gel showed the strongest anti-endometrial effects against the AN3-CA cell line. The DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) experiment was employed to examine the antioxidant characteristics of the Au NPs@Gel bio-composite, with BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) serving as the positive control. IC50 of the Au NPs@Gel material was found to be 213.8 µg/mL in the DPPH assay. Antioxidant activity of the Au NPs@Gel was strongly correlated with its capacity to prevent endometrial cancer. According to the aforementioned results, Au NPs@Gel may be used to treat a variety of human cancers. Similar content being viewed by others Data availability The authors declare that the data can be available on request to the authors.

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The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work under grant number RGP2/01/46. Author information Authors and Affiliations Contributions Ying Shao, Na Hu, Jun Zhang, Attalla F. El-kott, Sally Negm contributed to visualization, writing original draft, and formal analysis. Ying Shao, Na Hu, Jun Zhang contributed to funding acquisition, methodology, and supervision. Attalla F. El-kott, Sally Negm contributed to writing original draft, formal analysis, and writing—review and editing. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Corresponding author Ethics declarations Conflict of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest with other people or organizations that could affect this study. Ethical approval There are no animal experiments. Consent to participate Not applicable. Consent for publication Not applicable. Additional information Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Rights and permissions Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. About this article Cite this article Shao, Y., Hu, N., Zhang, J. et al. Ultrasound-assisted biosynthesis of gelatin-gold nanocomposite: investigation of its antioxidant activity and its performance as anti-endometrial cancer in vitro. Transit Met Chem 50, 555–566 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11243-025-00640-y Received: Accepted: Published: Version of record: Issue date: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11243-025-00640-y