The incidence rate of unresponsive thin endometrium in frozen embryo transfer cycles: A case-series of therapy with granulocyte colony stimulating factor.

Miralaei S, Ashrafi M, Arabipoor A, Zolfaghari Z, Taghvaei S
International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2019 · doi:10.18502/ijrm.v17i12.5797 · PMID:31970314 · PMC6943793
OA: gold CC-BY-NC-4.0
📄 Open PDF Full text JSON View on PubMed View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by qwen3.7-flash, 2026-09-10 ⓘ

This study evaluated granulocyte colony stimulating factor for treatment-resistant thin endometrium in frozen embryo transfer cycles, finding that while it significantly increased endometrial thickness, 45% of patients still required cancellation due to insufficient lining.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

⚙ AI-generated deep summary by qwen3.7-flash, 2026-08-25 · read from full text ⓘ

This case-series study evaluated the efficacy of intrauterine granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) infusion for treating treatment-resistant thin endometrium in frozen embryo transfer cycles. The researchers analyzed data from 20 patients who had previously failed to achieve adequate endometrial thickness despite high-dose estradiol, finding that G-CSF significantly increased mean endometrial thickness from 5.35 mm to 6.52 mm. Despite this measurable improvement in lining thickness, the intervention did not result in any positive pregnancies, and nearly half of the cases still required cycle cancellation due to persistent thinness. Relevance to endometriosis: adenomyosis is explicitly listed as an exclusion criterion for participants, indicating the paper focuses on idiopathic or non-structural causes of thin endometrium rather than conditions associated with these disorders.

Read from the paper's body, not the abstract. Not a substitute for reading the paper. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

BackgroundTreatment-resistant thin endometrium (TTE) during in-vitro fertilization is a relatively uncommon and challenging problem.ObjectiveThe primary aim of the study was to assess the TTE rate during frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles and the secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of intrauterine instillation of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in these cases.Materials and methodsIn this cross-sectional study, all of the women who underwent FET cycles with hormonal endometrial preparation in Royan Institute from June 2015 to March 2018 were evaluated and all of the cases with TTE diagnosis (endometrial thickness < 7 mm after using high doses of estradiol) were included. In the eligible cases, 300 μgr of G-CSF was infused intrauterine. If the endometrium had not reached at least a 7-mm, a second infusion was prescribed within 48 hr later.ResultsDuring the study, 8,363 of FET cycles were evaluated and a total of 30 infertile patients (0.35%) with TTE diagnosis were detected. Finally, 20 eligible patients were included. The changes of endometrial thickness after G-CSF therapy were significant (p < 0.001); however, the endometrial thickness did not reach 7 mm in nine patients (45%) and the embryo transfer was canceled.ConclusionIt was found that the rate of TTE during the FET cycle is very low and intrauterine perfusion of G-CSF has a potential effect to increase the endometrial thickness in these patients; however, the rate of cancellation was still high and poor pregnancy outcomes were observed.
Full text 11,755 characters · extracted from pmc-nxml · 2 sections · click to expand

Section

It was found that the rate of treatment-resistant thin endometrium during the FET cycle with hormonal endometrial preparation is very low and G-CSF has a potential effect to increase the endometrial thickness in these patients; however, the rate of cancellation was still high and poor pregnancy outcomes were observed.

Coi Statement

There are no conflicts of interest to declare.

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

⚙ Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: pmc-nxml ⓘ

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Citation neighborhood (no data yet)

We don't have any in-corpus citations linked to this paper yet. The paper's references may be in our DB but unresolved to ``paper_id`` (resolution happens at ingest when the cited DOI matches a row we already have). Run the cross-source citation reconcile pass to retry.

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-09-27T09:11:36.575535+00:00
unpaywall
last seen: 2026-05-21T05:10:58.409756+00:00
License: CC-BY-NC-4.0