[Diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors]

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Preoperative ultrasonography significantly improved the diagnosis of ovarian tumor location, size, delimitation, and consistency compared to clinical examination, though a small percentage of benign diagnoses were malignant.

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This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of gynecological clinical examinations versus preoperative ultrasonography for identifying benign and malignant ovarian tumors in a cohort of patients. The results demonstrate that ultrasound significantly outperforms clinical palpation in determining tumor localization, size, consistency, and relationship to the uterus, achieving higher sensitivity for suspected ovarian carcinoma. However, the authors note limitations, including a two percent false-negative rate for malignancy among lesions diagnosed as benign cysts and poor detection rates for solid or rare tumor types like granulosa cell tumors. This paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

The present paper reports on the value of gynecological-clinical examinations and preoperative ultrasonography in the diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Out of a group of 42 patients, in all of whom "ovarian cyst" had only been diagnosed clinically, 14% were not found to be suffering from this condition at surgery. In a comparison of preoperative gynecological-clinical and ultrasonographic findings (in 68 patients) it proved possible to determine the side on which the tumor was localized, its actual size, the extent to which it was delimited from the uterus, and its consistency (whether solid or cystic) significantly better by ultrasonography (p less than 0,01). However, the results of this study indicate that 2% of the cases diagnosed ultrasonographically as "benign ovarian tumor/ovarian cyst" are likely to be ovarian carcinomas. In the group of patients with malignant ovarian tumors also (42 patients), there was a significant difference in the preoperative diagnosis "suspected ovarian carcinoma". On the basis of clinical findings it was only diagnosed in 45%, while it was found in 74% by ultrasonography (p less than 0,01). In 3 cases with ovarian carcinoma there was no pathologic palpation finding, and in only one other case was a "suspected ovarian cyst" diagnosed. By means of ultrasonography, on the other hand, all of the cases of ovarian carcinoma were classified either as "ovarian carcinoma" or as "cystic-solid/complex abdominal tumor". The most frequent diagnoses on the basis of the sonographic scan (approx. 90%) were cystic-solid ovarian tumors, followed by cystic-ventriculated ovarian tumors with solid portions and finally solid ovarian tumors with only a few cystic portions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Subscribe to RSS DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1036487 © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York Zur Diagnostik von benignen und malignen Ovarialtumoren* Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Ovarian Tumors * Unter Verwendung von Teilergebnissen der Dissertation von B. NeidhardtPublication History Publication Date: 19 March 2008 (online) Zusammenfassung Über die Wertigkeit der gynäkologisch-klinischen Untersuchung und der präoperativen ultrasonographischen Abklärung bei der Diagnostik von benignen wie malignen Ovarialtumoren wird berichtet. Es konnte dabei gezeigt werden, daß in einem Kollektiv von 42 Patientinnen mit der alleinigen klinischen Diagnose »Ovarialzyste« dieser Befund in 14% intraoperativ nicht bestätigt werden konnte. Bei der Gegenüberstellung der präoperativen gynäkologisch-klinischen und ultrasonographischen Befunde (68 Patientinnen mit benignen Ovarialtumoren) konnten durch die Ultrasonographie signifikant besser die Seitenlokalisation des Tumors, die tatsächliche Tumorgröße, die Abgrenzbarkeit des Tumors zum Uterus und die Konsistenz des Tumors (ob solid oder zystisch) beurteilt werden (p < 0,01). Nach der vorliegenden Untersuchung muß bei der ultrasonographischen Diagnose »benigner Ovarialtumor/Ovarialzyste« allerdings auch in 2% mit einem Ovarialkarzinom gerechnet werden. Bei der Gruppe von Patientinnen mit malignen Ovarialtumoren (42 Patientinnen) waren ebenfalls signifikante Unterschiede in der präoperativen Einstufung »Verdacht auf Ovarialkarzinom« aufgrund der Klinik in nur 45% und aufgrund der Ultraschalluntersuchung in 74% feststellbar (p < 0,01). In 3 Fällen mit Ovarialkarzinomen konnte bei der klinischen Untersuchung kein auffälliger Tastbefund erhoben werden, lediglich in einem weiteren Falle lautete die klinische Verdachtsdiagnose »Ovarialzyste«. Mit Hilfe der Sonographie konnten dagegen alle Fälle mit Ovarialkarzinomen entweder als »Ovarialkarzinom« oder als »zystischsolider/komplexer Unterbauchtumor« eingestuft werden. Aufgrund des sonographischen Erscheinungsbildes wurden mit ca. 90% am häufigsten zystischsolide Ovarialtumoren, zystischgekammerte Ovarialtumoren mit soliden Anteilen und danach solide Ovarialtumoren mit wenigen zystischen Anteilen registriert. Die höchsten Trefferraten zwischen 82 und 90% wurden bei undifferenzierten Karzinomen bzw. serösen Zyst-Adenokarzinomen und danach bei mucinösen Zyst-Adenokarzinomen sonographisch erreicht. Unzureichend dagegen waren die sonographischen Erkennungsraten bei endometrioiden Karzinomen, bei seltenen Karzinomtypen, wie zum Beispiel Granulosazelltumor, Teratoblastomen etc. Dabei konnte wohl aufgrund der überwiegend soliden Tumorstruktur die Verdachtsdiagnose »Ovarialkarzinom« nicht gestellt werden. Es ist zu erwarten, daß durch den breiten Einsatz der gynäkologischen Ultrasonographie vor allem bei Risikogruppen Frühstadien von Ovarialkarzinomen, die unter Umständen der klinischen Untersuchung entgehen können, feststellbar werden. Dies kann entscheidend zur Verbesserung der Behandlungserfolge beim Ovarialkarzinom beitragen. Abstract The present paper reports on the value of gynecological-clinical examinations and preoperative ultrasonography in the diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Out of a group of 42 patients, in all of whom “ovarian cyst” had only been diagnosed clinically, 14% were not found to be suffering from this condition at surgery. In a comparison of preoperative gynecological-clinical and ultrasonographic findings (in 68 patients) it proved possible to determine the side on which the tumor was localized, its actual size, the extent to which it was delimited from the uterus, and its consistency (whether solid or cystic) significantly better by ultrasonography (p < 0,01). However, the results of this study indicate that 2% of the cases diagnosed ultrasonographically as “benign ovarian tumor/ovarian cyst” are likely to be ovarian carcinomas. In the group of patients with malignant ovarian tumors also (42 patients), there was a significant difference in the preoperative diagnosis “suspected ovarian carcinoma”. On the basis of clinical findings it was only diagnosed in 45%, while it was found in 74% by ultrasonography (p < 0,01). In 3 cases with ovarian carcinoma there was no pathologic palpation finding, and in only one other case was a “suspected ovarian cyst” diagnosed. By means of ultrasonography, on the other hand, all of the cases of ovarian carcinoma were classified either as “ovarian carcinoma” or as “cystic-solid/complex abdominal tumor”. The most frequent diagnoses on the basis of the sonographic scan (approx. 90%) were cystic-solid ovarian tumors, followed by cystic-ventriculated ovarian tumors with solid portions and finally solid ovarian tumors with only a few cystic portions. The highest rates of correct diagnosis by ultrasonography - between 82 and 90% - were attained with undifferentiated carcinomas and serous cystadenocarcinomas, respectively, followed by mucinous cystadenocarcinomas. In contrast, sonographic identification of endometrioid carcinomas, rare types of carcinoma such as granulosa cell tumor, teratoblastomas etc. was unsatisfactory. In these cases it was probably due to the mainly solid tumor structure that the diagnosis “suspected ovarian carcinoma” could not be made. If gynecological ultrasonography is practised on a wide scale, especially in high-risk groups, it will probably enable early stages of ovarian carcinomas which may go unrecognized at clinical examination to be identified. This could lead to a decisive improvement in the treatment of ovarian carcinoma.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Ovarian Neoplasms Adult Carcinoma Carcinoma Cystadenocarcinoma Cystadenocarcinoma Diagnosis, Differential Endometriosis Endometriosis Female Granulosa Cell Tumor Granulosa Cell Tumor Humans Mesonephroma Mesonephroma Middle Aged Ovarian Cysts Ovarian Cysts Ovarian Neoplasms Ovarian Neoplasms

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