Immunomodulatory Biomaterials Enhancing Implant Osseointegration: Knowledge Mapping of Research Evolution from March 2005 to March 2025

2025 · doi:10.1101/2025.05.29.656932
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This paper maps the research evolution of immunomodulatory biomaterials used to enhance implant osseointegration from March 2005 to March 2025.

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This bibliometric study analyzed 419 Web of Science articles from 2005–2025 to map how immunomodulatory biomaterials have evolved in the context of implant osseointegration, using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and bibliometrix to assess keyword/institution hotspots and co-citation patterns. It found intermittent-explosive growth, with China contributing the largest share, and identified osteoimmunomodulation theory as a core framework emphasizing spatiotemporal macrophage polarization (M1/M2 balance) and multi-signal crosstalk (including BMP-2/VEGF/OSM). The analysis highlights major technological directions such as surface engineering, smart responsive materials (e.g., 3D-printed scaffolds and pH/ROS-responsive carriers), and antibacterial–immunomodulatory synergy, with burst trends shifting toward clinical translation and precision modulation of macrophage polarization. The paper’s stated limitation is that it is a bibliometric synthesis of publication data rather than original mechanistic or clinical experimentation, and it does not directly validate macrophage heterogeneity with multi-omics evidence. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

Objective To delineate the evolutionary trajectory of immunomodulatory biomaterials in implant osseointegration through bibliometric analysis, identifying pivotal theoretical breakthroughs and technological advancements. Methods A total of 419 articles (2005–2025) from the Web of Science Core Collection were analyzed using a multi-tool framework. Current research status and hotspots were evaluated by co-occurrence analysis of keywords and institutions using VOSviewer. The evolution and bursts of the knowledge base were assessed through co-citation analysis of references, authors, and journals via CiteSpace. Thematic evolution and keyword trends were mapped using the bibliometrix package in R. Results The field exhibited “intermittent-explosive” growth (32.7% annual increment), with China leading global contributions (69.4%). The osteoimmunomodulation (OIM) theory emerged as the cornerstone, emphasizing spatiotemporal macrophage polarization (M1/M2 balance) and multi-signal crosstalk (BMP-2/VEGF/OSM). Key technological pathways included: ① Surface engineering (nanotopography, ion-doped coatings); ② Smart materials (3D-printed scaffolds, pH/ROS-responsive carriers); ③ Antibacterial-immunomodulatory synergy. Burst detection revealed shifting frontiers toward clinical translation (2023-2025 burst: “3D printing”, strength=4.05) and precision modulation (“macrophage polarization”, strength=9.02). Conclusion Immunomodulatory biomaterials are transitioning from mechanistic exploration to clinical adaptation. Future development requires integrating dynamic microenvironment-responsive designs with multi-omics validation to address macrophage heterogeneity, ultimately enabling personalized osseointegration therapies.
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Abstract

Objective To delineate the evolutionary trajectory of immunomodulatory biomaterials in implant osseointegration through bibliometric analysis, identifying pivotal theoretical breakthroughs and technological advancements.

Methods

A total of 419 articles (2005–2025) from the Web of Science Core Collection were analyzed using a multi-tool framework. Current research status and hotspots were evaluated by co-occurrence analysis of keywords and institutions using VOSviewer. The evolution and bursts of the knowledge base were assessed through co-citation analysis of references, authors, and journals via CiteSpace. Thematic evolution and keyword trends were mapped using the bibliometrix package in R.

Results

The field exhibited “intermittent-explosive” growth (32.7% annual increment), with China leading global contributions (69.4%). The osteoimmunomodulation (OIM) theory emerged as the cornerstone, emphasizing spatiotemporal macrophage polarization (M1/M2 balance) and multi-signal crosstalk (BMP-2/VEGF/OSM). Key technological pathways included: ① Surface engineering (nanotopography, ion-doped coatings); ② Smart materials (3D-printed scaffolds, pH/ROS-responsive carriers); ③ Antibacterial-immunomodulatory synergy. Burst detection revealed shifting frontiers toward clinical translation (2023-2025 burst: “3D printing”, strength=4.05) and precision modulation (“macrophage polarization”, strength=9.02).

Conclusion

Immunomodulatory biomaterials are transitioning from mechanistic exploration to clinical adaptation. Future development requires integrating dynamic microenvironment-responsive designs with multi-omics validation to address macrophage heterogeneity, ultimately enabling personalized osseointegration therapies. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

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