Proximal Tubal Obstruction

Xiaohong Liu, Shadain Akhavan, Laurel Stadtmauer
In: Reproductive Surgery · 2022 · pp. 83–89 · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-05240-8_7 · W4294017888
book-chapter OA: closed CC0
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06+body, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This review covers the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and success rates of proximal tubal blockage, commonly resulting from inflammation or surgery, which often leads to IVF recommendations.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-10 ⓘ

This chapter reviews proximal tubal obstruction, focusing on its causes (including inflammatory processes such as salpingitis isthmica nodosa, endometriosis, and surgical trauma), methods of diagnosis, and treatment outcomes, particularly in women evaluated for infertility. It discusses tubal disease as a common indication for IVF, notes that many patients do not proceed, and summarizes that fallopian tube cannulation (via hysteroscopy/laparoscopy or under fluoroscopy at HSG) achieves patency in about 70–80% of cases despite low pregnancy rates. A key caveat emphasized is the discrepancy between restoration of tubal patency and subsequent pregnancy outcomes, limiting the effectiveness of cannulation as a standalone solution. Relevance to endometriosis: the chapter explicitly lists endometriosis as a cause of proximal tubal obstruction and places it within the broader review of etiologies and management for proximal tubal blockage.

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License: CC0 · commercial use OK