Photodegradation Of Bisphenol A In Water Via Round-The-Clock Visible Light Driven Dual-Layer Hollow Fiber Membrane Incorporated With Tungsten Nanotubes

Photodegradation Of Bisphenol A In Water Via Round-The-Clock Visible Light Driven Dual-Layer Hollow Fiber Membrane Incorporated With Tungsten Nanotubes | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Photodegradation Of Bisphenol A In Water Via Round-The-Clock Visible Light Driven Dual-Layer Hollow Fiber Membrane Incorporated With Tungsten Nanotubes Khalis Sukaini, Siti Maryam Jasman, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8172769/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical harmful to human health. Photocatalytic degradation using visible-light photocatalysts with energy storage capability enhances BPA removal. However, WO 3 -based photocatalysts face limitations due to constrained active sites and less efficient charge transfer. To address these issues, novel Cu 2 O/WO 3 nanotubes (CWNT) were developed, offering large surface areas that improve charge carrier dynamics and photocatalytic activity. WO 3 stores reductive energy during light irradiation, while Cu 2 O functions as a visible-light photocatalyst due to its low band gap of 2.2eV. The Z-scheme heterojunction between WO 3 and Cu 2 O enables synergistic effects. A dual-layer hollow fibre (DLHF) membrane embedded with CWNT was developed for BPA degradation through photocatalysis and energy storage. CWNT was synthesized, and increased Cu 2 O loading enhanced photocatalytic efficiency, with CWNT-L10 achieving the best degradation (85% under light, 70.73% in the dark), leading to its selection for membrane fabrication. The DLHF membrane was fabricated with varying CWNT loadings. The membrane with 5wt% CWNT loading (PVDF-L0.5) showed superior performance, significantly enhancing hydrophilicity, surface roughness, porosity, and mechanical strength over the neat membrane. PVDF-L0.5 exhibited high BPA degradation rates (97% under light, 77.60% in the dark) and a high water flux of 534 ± 5.18L/m²·h. Compared to non-nanotube photocatalysts, it showed a 2.6% higher BPA removal efficiency. PVDF-L0.5 maintained performance over three cycles with a low efficiency drop of 12.43%. Leaching tests showed no Cu and minimal W leaching, indicating environmental safety. This study demonstrates the potential of CWNT-embedded DLHF membranes with energy storage capability for efficient BPA degradation in wastewater treatment. Bisphenol A photocatalysis dual-layer hollow fibre membrane wastewater treatment energy storage Full Text Supplementary Files IJERGraphicalAbstract.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8172769","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":552360073,"identity":"735e0f2b-f4a4-466a-b7b8-da906c018341","order_by":0,"name":"Khalis Sukaini","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Khalis","middleName":"","lastName":"Sukaini","suffix":""},{"id":552360074,"identity":"c2ba7dcb-8c00-45ed-897d-b21807498f4b","order_by":1,"name":"Siti Maryam Jasman","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Teknologi 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Photocatalytic degradation using visible-light photocatalysts with energy storage capability enhances BPA removal. However, WO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-based photocatalysts face limitations due to constrained active sites and less efficient charge transfer. To address these issues, novel Cu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO/WO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e nanotubes (CWNT) were developed, offering large surface areas that improve charge carrier dynamics and photocatalytic activity. WO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e stores reductive energy during light irradiation, while Cu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO functions as a visible-light photocatalyst due to its low band gap of 2.2eV. The Z-scheme heterojunction between WO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e and Cu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO enables synergistic effects. A dual-layer hollow fibre (DLHF) membrane embedded with CWNT was developed for BPA degradation through photocatalysis and energy storage. CWNT was synthesized, and increased Cu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO loading enhanced photocatalytic efficiency, with CWNT-L10 achieving the best degradation (85% under light, 70.73% in the dark), leading to its selection for membrane fabrication. The DLHF membrane was fabricated with varying CWNT loadings. The membrane with 5wt% CWNT loading (PVDF-L0.5) showed superior performance, significantly enhancing hydrophilicity, surface roughness, porosity, and mechanical strength over the neat membrane. PVDF-L0.5 exhibited high BPA degradation rates (97% under light, 77.60% in the dark) and a high water flux of 534\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.18L/m\u0026sup2;\u0026middot;h. Compared to non-nanotube photocatalysts, it showed a 2.6% higher BPA removal efficiency. PVDF-L0.5 maintained performance over three cycles with a low efficiency drop of 12.43%. Leaching tests showed no Cu and minimal W leaching, indicating environmental safety. This study demonstrates the potential of CWNT-embedded DLHF membranes with energy storage capability for efficient BPA degradation in wastewater treatment.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Photodegradation Of Bisphenol A In Water Via Round-The-Clock Visible Light Driven Dual-Layer Hollow Fiber Membrane Incorporated With Tungsten Nanotubes","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-01 15:39:16","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8172769/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"cfc65a67-d137-49b1-af19-6d7216e4b0b4","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 1st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-16T13:26:59+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-01 15:39:16","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8172769","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8172769","identity":"rs-8172769","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}