{"paper_id":"1b60f973-4b42-40ca-9e5f-7e5b150a763a","body_text":"Photodegradation Of Bisphenol A In Water Via Round-The-Clock Visible Light Driven Dual-Layer Hollow Fiber Membrane Incorporated With Tungsten Nanotubes | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Photodegradation Of Bisphenol A In Water Via Round-The-Clock Visible Light Driven Dual-Layer Hollow Fiber Membrane Incorporated With Tungsten Nanotubes Khalis Sukaini, Siti Maryam Jasman, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8172769/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical harmful to human health. Photocatalytic degradation using visible-light photocatalysts with energy storage capability enhances BPA removal. However, WO 3 -based photocatalysts face limitations due to constrained active sites and less efficient charge transfer. To address these issues, novel Cu 2 O/WO 3 nanotubes (CWNT) were developed, offering large surface areas that improve charge carrier dynamics and photocatalytic activity. WO 3 stores reductive energy during light irradiation, while Cu 2 O functions as a visible-light photocatalyst due to its low band gap of 2.2eV. The Z-scheme heterojunction between WO 3 and Cu 2 O enables synergistic effects. A dual-layer hollow fibre (DLHF) membrane embedded with CWNT was developed for BPA degradation through photocatalysis and energy storage. CWNT was synthesized, and increased Cu 2 O loading enhanced photocatalytic efficiency, with CWNT-L10 achieving the best degradation (85% under light, 70.73% in the dark), leading to its selection for membrane fabrication. The DLHF membrane was fabricated with varying CWNT loadings. The membrane with 5wt% CWNT loading (PVDF-L0.5) showed superior performance, significantly enhancing hydrophilicity, surface roughness, porosity, and mechanical strength over the neat membrane. PVDF-L0.5 exhibited high BPA degradation rates (97% under light, 77.60% in the dark) and a high water flux of 534 ± 5.18L/m²·h. Compared to non-nanotube photocatalysts, it showed a 2.6% higher BPA removal efficiency. PVDF-L0.5 maintained performance over three cycles with a low efficiency drop of 12.43%. Leaching tests showed no Cu and minimal W leaching, indicating environmental safety. This study demonstrates the potential of CWNT-embedded DLHF membranes with energy storage capability for efficient BPA degradation in wastewater treatment. Bisphenol A photocatalysis dual-layer hollow fibre membrane wastewater treatment energy storage Full Text Supplementary Files IJERGraphicalAbstract.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-8172769\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":552360073,\"identity\":\"735e0f2b-f4a4-466a-b7b8-da906c018341\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Khalis Sukaini\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Khalis\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Sukaini\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":552360074,\"identity\":\"c2ba7dcb-8c00-45ed-897d-b21807498f4b\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Siti Maryam Jasman\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Siti\",\"middleName\":\"Maryam\",\"lastName\":\"Jasman\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":552360075,\"identity\":\"1524b4d2-e74b-45e0-8d73-626c8abbb340\",\"order_by\":2,\"name\":\"Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA50lEQVRIie3RvQrCMBDA8YsFXVJ3EeorRBzEyVepCE6KW3EQdOpiXkAQn0GXzhcCnfxYlQoWCu5uCgpqFXGxxk0w/+lu+MHBAeh0PxgDEiJ04pmgIjEYwgyAXpc7SSsQIO43pJyRRBzHG6ual4h71wO2HdiptfueVHgdMOftSjTbsMXQDYD55sRoJRCGbcSiJ2ucUiZNJbKMAGsj2YvJWYmsroeJvrTpjRA1EoHo+7sin6VtwRcBzfmtiWwukg6rG/tDd1PIcEOEByewsnI+jZrOe/IInxONV/LpOa/k0ekj0el0uv/pArtGXGWNOYtLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5842-2447\",\"institution\":\"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Mohd\",\"middleName\":\"Hafiz Dzarfan\",\"lastName\":\"Othman\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":552360076,\"identity\":\"807c4e5b-919c-4dc5-bdb9-7cbec2832f06\",\"order_by\":3,\"name\":\"Ahmad Fauzi Ismail\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Ahmad\",\"middleName\":\"Fauzi\",\"lastName\":\"Ismail\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":552360077,\"identity\":\"2587caff-75a0-45fe-94d5-6175a9292c8c\",\"order_by\":4,\"name\":\"Mukhlis A Rahman\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Mukhlis\",\"middleName\":\"A\",\"lastName\":\"Rahman\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":552360078,\"identity\":\"4362c7a5-31d9-4d6b-af98-59191bed4bda\",\"order_by\":5,\"name\":\"Juhana Jaafar\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Juhana\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Jaafar\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":552360079,\"identity\":\"f7fc3e11-afbf-4439-a58b-33784e833e7e\",\"order_by\":6,\"name\":\"Subriyer Nasir\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Sriwijaya University: Universitas Sriwijaya\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Subriyer\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Nasir\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":552360080,\"identity\":\"75c447d4-acd8-4ed9-b857-52b59ef831ed\",\"order_by\":7,\"name\":\"Agung Mataram\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Sriwijaya University: Universitas Sriwijaya\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Agung\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Mataram\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":552360081,\"identity\":\"7b3a929e-3018-4da0-857b-9e6162503dff\",\"order_by\":8,\"name\":\"Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Xiamen University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Tonni\",\"middleName\":\"Agustiono\",\"lastName\":\"Kurniawan\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":552360082,\"identity\":\"27787209-5a30-41f6-8a5c-610b952df86f\",\"order_by\":9,\"name\":\"Nurul Jannah Ismail\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Nurul\",\"middleName\":\"Jannah\",\"lastName\":\"Ismail\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2025-11-21 10:53:02\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8172769/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8172769/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":97250877,\"identity\":\"8fdc41a1-5e2a-40dd-99e7-f0306e24bae6\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:15:32\",\"extension\":\"docx\",\"order_by\":0,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":10815547,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"IJERListofEquationandFigures.docx\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/01396b903185691af86452b1.docx\"},{\"id\":97176661,\"identity\":\"dc9aff7a-db64-4dd0-94ec-acb9a51269e7\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:21\",\"extension\":\"docx\",\"order_by\":4,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":14447,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"IJERTable.docx\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/39e216112a09c2c5a7024c56.docx\"},{\"id\":97248877,\"identity\":\"5a52c06a-1267-486a-b9c6-0b54bf3a64fa\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:07:48\",\"extension\":\"xml\",\"order_by\":5,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":12974,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"ijerIJERD2502466.xml\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/06a37ebd9a49bb61ea0c3a34.xml\"},{\"id\":97250082,\"identity\":\"7e629da7-6d95-4daf-82c1-3fe640a5a9cc\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:13:54\",\"extension\":\"xml\",\"order_by\":6,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1123,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"IJERD250246634122.go.xml\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/911f06b437a05bdf9b086545.xml\"},{\"id\":97249024,\"identity\":\"70f26cff-5e0a-489d-87fc-ec57c8c9af59\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:09:44\",\"extension\":\"xml\",\"order_by\":7,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":969,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"IJERD2502466Import.xml\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/c27ad791781a4f7897073200.xml\"},{\"id\":97176663,\"identity\":\"b4de90b4-d448-44ed-9415-9bafc8410a51\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:21\",\"extension\":\"xml\",\"order_by\":8,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":224580,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"IJERD25024660enriched.xml\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/3fd36f31eab341836fc661b1.xml\"},{\"id\":97250373,\"identity\":\"5e46157d-7fe8-445a-9021-d22ecec06b62\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:22\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":9,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":47891,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage1.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/b26abac547d13cf4ca22dc7a.png\"},{\"id\":97250075,\"identity\":\"e1030880-c471-4aeb-97f5-b3769bba13bf\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:13:53\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":10,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1128481,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage10.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/53500bb784a3f54285dc2710.png\"},{\"id\":97250514,\"identity\":\"5fb77c66-96d6-48d2-998c-7d2b6875cc98\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:38\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":11,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":275239,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage11.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/349d261ca9ae89625ff9cc1f.png\"},{\"id\":97250101,\"identity\":\"cb5b4350-7a4f-40e4-bf80-3830d75be01d\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:13:54\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":12,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1064050,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage12.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/3f9e0cc7130a476712c5aecd.png\"},{\"id\":97176650,\"identity\":\"1165aef4-a0ac-48f3-8302-50ee2100157e\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:21\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":13,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":21112,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage13.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/3734fdc81a17c36a579006f0.png\"},{\"id\":97249085,\"identity\":\"04ae45b2-66ec-4260-9a32-f9d027971ac3\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:10:15\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":14,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":18205,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage14.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/6d633d653e2b0ff7bc19bed2.png\"},{\"id\":97250719,\"identity\":\"d7519d63-23b8-40c7-ba20-83e52072af61\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:15:06\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":15,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":173023,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage15.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/25ef339c51dddacf54830400.png\"},{\"id\":97176655,\"identity\":\"e229f609-8448-427c-b003-278e28a47eb7\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:21\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":16,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":18864,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage16.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/c63e22b414b80d0e06cbd3e9.png\"},{\"id\":97176658,\"identity\":\"f9ea8e92-42eb-4ef5-9bd4-b6d887aacd89\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:21\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":17,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":139803,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage17.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/0ccc80c69e6315a989753f40.png\"},{\"id\":97249216,\"identity\":\"a3f429c7-c060-4990-8e70-27fe1fbb8eab\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:11:18\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":18,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1194421,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage18.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/0a315b55fc2ddd6a6f0b1e2a.png\"},{\"id\":97176668,\"identity\":\"96f5476c-c678-42dc-9566-382fe3cac86f\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:21\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":19,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":875217,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage19.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/d8c8b6439959d649eb9b7dc2.png\"},{\"id\":97248866,\"identity\":\"806ba403-1505-4050-bf0a-6c5b7810662a\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:07:43\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":20,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":132254,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage2.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/9aa9b78199ee433988cafcba.png\"},{\"id\":97176673,\"identity\":\"be91222f-b687-4838-8058-6581a49dae9e\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:21\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":21,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1306236,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage20.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/90876f0ace036613c7ad89b4.png\"},{\"id\":97250436,\"identity\":\"b4568914-0da7-4a2a-ae2b-9389f6c30440\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:30\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":22,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":115575,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage21.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/c79733d875cfccfb337aa171.png\"},{\"id\":97176670,\"identity\":\"7cee480c-0368-462a-927b-826fad90e918\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:21\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":23,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":117070,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage22.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/544f9e0c7bab71d837e41b65.png\"},{\"id\":97248909,\"identity\":\"b0d04e43-b2d6-4acf-bcff-8dccb7515bf6\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:08:06\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":24,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":115361,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage23.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/981e854b770e58665eeae510.png\"},{\"id\":97250405,\"identity\":\"53b8cdbb-a91d-4311-98ce-01db7cef0d88\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:26\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":25,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":133811,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage24.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/2028a03808f4cee7469cedba.png\"},{\"id\":97250905,\"identity\":\"2875269a-9e74-4d89-a38a-c7847b10d427\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:15:35\",\"extension\":\"jpeg\",\"order_by\":26,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":951026,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage25.jpeg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/8f15d0af18b7b21dd0245551.jpeg\"},{\"id\":97248915,\"identity\":\"52f0e3f9-c26d-4206-8a60-1b6310159e4c\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:08:13\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":27,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":27403,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage26.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/3226c19741f3d2dddc835e7c.png\"},{\"id\":97250276,\"identity\":\"3ce4a316-3e9e-4e97-a433-171c1eaa24aa\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:12\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":28,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":18715,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage27.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/be8524502c9a68e05082fbe2.png\"},{\"id\":97176676,\"identity\":\"62bd0516-6b2e-482e-a6e3-a91540230826\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:21\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":29,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":314843,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage28.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/fd2d7ddd04d3dc599b51cc06.png\"},{\"id\":97176671,\"identity\":\"bf51f8d6-6971-4fae-941f-bda9351c4bfc\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:21\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":30,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":47891,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage1.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/81e6b59dbe20adacb1610419.png\"},{\"id\":97176677,\"identity\":\"4a37651e-82b0-41ce-9639-c374dccff351\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:21\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":31,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":48061,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage3.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/a4b6193f2e2e7139139bfa72.png\"},{\"id\":97176703,\"identity\":\"be972cf0-b544-409d-9187-8d9c27344762\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:22\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":32,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":132254,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage2.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/c927aa7cb2ba04c418b59b05.png\"},{\"id\":97176679,\"identity\":\"30301197-f951-4ac9-9d18-7dc89ecbd76f\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:21\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":33,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":48061,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage3.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/0c84d00a600483389ed23289.png\"},{\"id\":97250091,\"identity\":\"954382cc-a228-444f-b62d-99014fc20847\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:13:54\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":34,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1432121,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage32.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/aae7f9233524d8bd31c7d121.png\"},{\"id\":97250257,\"identity\":\"07eb96c5-d456-4536-922c-dd837ba7d2ee\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:11\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":35,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":438640,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage33.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/34962f74f19c8421ac94f616.png\"},{\"id\":97176686,\"identity\":\"313e5858-e2f7-4006-aebb-a4e60a762f6e\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:22\",\"extension\":\"jpeg\",\"order_by\":36,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":49843,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage34.jpeg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/e0af79a8a18cb8c466c5d456.jpeg\"},{\"id\":97249120,\"identity\":\"8ef39d92-3a31-4774-b1cf-16bcdbfabe7d\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:10:32\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":37,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":39476,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage35.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/2896752a92ae7c2a1d5375b8.png\"},{\"id\":97176702,\"identity\":\"b6be6c08-26dd-4cb1-b800-77c00c3cbf06\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:22\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":38,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":34660,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage36.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/054aa6c466fec59640212dbf.png\"},{\"id\":97176678,\"identity\":\"5208d401-7afd-4278-bb68-4a4904504ef4\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:21\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":39,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1822697,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage37.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/e5d618ecac520df470777acf.png\"},{\"id\":97176696,\"identity\":\"295f68bb-ec95-463b-bc2e-231917066c34\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:22\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":40,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1128481,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage10.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/b5991038224a1528a8be6676.png\"},{\"id\":97248829,\"identity\":\"64fcf4a0-29d9-4029-aeb0-26d9a348c3c4\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:07:30\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":41,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":275239,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage11.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/269516ce7a7ccc8399af4864.png\"},{\"id\":97250159,\"identity\":\"1ad8826f-3964-48c2-ad75-3887c4152367\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:01\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":42,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1432121,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage32.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/2fa6f8f00910d1d45cb0ed70.png\"},{\"id\":97249367,\"identity\":\"e52aa0df-642d-4a4c-a773-c79924f1e5c9\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:12:21\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":43,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1064050,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage12.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/73524fa79ac59801f12e5d5f.png\"},{\"id\":97176720,\"identity\":\"bcdc9bfb-7b79-43f3-b08c-ceb3f1e736bd\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":44,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":18205,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage14.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/7c6dac89da27cc66b3d410f3.png\"},{\"id\":97250765,\"identity\":\"5811e745-d01e-4704-b55a-b092d3d73fde\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:15:10\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":45,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":173023,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage15.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/ce497bbd9d715bb9f3f3ee28.png\"},{\"id\":97176672,\"identity\":\"be140396-8d28-43d9-91e8-b6bd18d6dfb8\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:21\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":46,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":18864,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage16.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/c9a7139a125c05a87202d0c0.png\"},{\"id\":97250409,\"identity\":\"cb4f33d1-dd93-4049-b3bf-b68cbe97029d\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:26\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":47,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":139803,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage17.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/c26ea7f76c7ab39a28208c62.png\"},{\"id\":97250588,\"identity\":\"41bdc064-3087-476d-9cb0-1fd720e6c598\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:46\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":48,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1194421,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage18.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/46ebb56b93a7c48a51655579.png\"},{\"id\":97176729,\"identity\":\"9f3d939f-691c-4962-8874-802cedb36da3\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":49,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":875217,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage19.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/4eea463b4a26faca9de8a903.png\"},{\"id\":97249021,\"identity\":\"405a2d10-9c23-4015-a8aa-6cddfd49e147\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:09:40\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":50,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1306236,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage20.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/53f64843a7014db966bbd719.png\"},{\"id\":97249043,\"identity\":\"35320f08-0896-42e5-a76f-234ce35832bc\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:09:55\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":51,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":164408,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage48.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/bcd56c17dad90d7ee5608864.png\"},{\"id\":97176737,\"identity\":\"ac184ad4-8538-4321-a090-cc8620242409\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:23\",\"extension\":\"jpeg\",\"order_by\":52,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":951244,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage49.jpeg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/85eac63ae10a11d4b19b7238.jpeg\"},{\"id\":97176688,\"identity\":\"2819665d-d601-4c54-81bd-f5e8d12df9bd\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:22\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":53,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":438640,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage33.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/461d3f0ff0d705be44576fb9.png\"},{\"id\":97248896,\"identity\":\"97c6aedd-8d21-49df-a8df-a764537b4371\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:08:01\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":54,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":27403,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage26.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/e69ddeff1ee987cce24a3b71.png\"},{\"id\":97249105,\"identity\":\"745239ae-a5a8-452f-8cfe-848dedcd63ae\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:10:28\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":55,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":18715,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage27.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/8d4c2d1ba30cd2e2ec4254e8.png\"},{\"id\":97250475,\"identity\":\"ce96de0e-cd05-40ef-b15a-0743d55d9d01\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:35\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":56,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":314843,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage28.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/e68ac72859e0277610bad9c3.png\"},{\"id\":97249089,\"identity\":\"8f5cde7e-4872-4ae1-be05-57bb1b30a3dd\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:10:20\",\"extension\":\"jpeg\",\"order_by\":57,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":49843,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage34.jpeg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/dfc09fe4d3b5c00a18fb0383.jpeg\"},{\"id\":97176731,\"identity\":\"d095f05d-5f7e-481f-aab5-d0642cfd4922\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":58,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":39476,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage35.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/cb71795afb29e8f26c23ae92.png\"},{\"id\":97249083,\"identity\":\"4430fa10-a9b5-4f90-9634-4a58ae519044\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:10:14\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":59,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":34660,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage36.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/4980e51b605d1b3b6c850df9.png\"},{\"id\":97250673,\"identity\":\"4dcaff60-8205-40c8-a454-5d194e2c287f\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:56\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":60,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1822697,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage37.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/8a3b72c0e4376dc8716fcb28.png\"},{\"id\":97250104,\"identity\":\"d6e76849-4232-4d9a-b233-7e0568cc7da2\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:13:54\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":61,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":10358,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage1.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/b38a1b99811a717713d74a01.png\"},{\"id\":97250499,\"identity\":\"aa502ded-ec65-41df-9875-7340546ca2bc\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:37\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":62,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":182073,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage10.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/751034a11c2f256e87690ec5.png\"},{\"id\":97249075,\"identity\":\"91cae156-4769-4424-b2c0-638fe58e0691\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:10:13\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":63,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":27870,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage11.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/80d4c1f72de498e709ce4584.png\"},{\"id\":97249032,\"identity\":\"4200e02a-e9b9-46da-ac4e-3a3761b392dc\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:09:50\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":64,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":146731,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage12.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/a5a08286d3cd04a2b6a30005.png\"},{\"id\":97250362,\"identity\":\"3725ead0-0e83-4575-a2ce-0c7b892e38d0\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:22\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":65,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":8598,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage13.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/0daa44c0217f0a397ed85bb0.png\"},{\"id\":97176680,\"identity\":\"58cc5942-818a-4a0c-ae97-d9008fdd4975\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:21\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":66,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":7368,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage14.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/7952b112ff312ea543903e6a.png\"},{\"id\":97176717,\"identity\":\"9e4db00a-0a96-4328-b5ca-5284547d0ea1\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:22\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":67,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":25039,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage15.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/826d50443cf994c4c27e80ad.png\"},{\"id\":97249114,\"identity\":\"e82099cc-bfc8-4966-a67c-0a1ed7cce390\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:10:31\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":68,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":7422,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage16.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/f9953be2e2ef40ef5eb0ea5e.png\"},{\"id\":97176714,\"identity\":\"6d6229cf-ce19-42ae-9a61-65e3afe5a122\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:22\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":69,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":31172,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage17.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/129fb939e1cda35c30e8d8a0.png\"},{\"id\":97176699,\"identity\":\"a768754f-3529-4e65-8d60-5aae8607fe68\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:22\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":70,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":284743,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage18.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/e6f4d58b762fe8b9b89838f9.png\"},{\"id\":97249144,\"identity\":\"52ea9469-6b1b-43f7-8d6b-ad614db571e5\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:10:44\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":71,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":201200,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage19.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/f4eacef2defe19d194c39dda.png\"},{\"id\":97250498,\"identity\":\"e2ae21aa-348d-49e3-bcab-36862c916fdb\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:37\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":72,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":17397,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage2.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/835690d36829294152c28c1e.png\"},{\"id\":97249175,\"identity\":\"a6c23d58-e5d8-4e09-8865-a49a8cf8b129\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:11:02\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":73,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":243039,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage20.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/ca1bf167af54c1fae1d978af.png\"},{\"id\":97176693,\"identity\":\"d3f0996a-4775-4a0b-a6a4-10ebf200249d\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:22\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":74,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":27187,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage21.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/e0359c4697a37acbeb62aca2.png\"},{\"id\":97248846,\"identity\":\"91663cd9-6aff-4a0e-96b0-96f5b88cc5f7\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:07:37\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":75,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":37024,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage22.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/915405e267ce218c9473188b.png\"},{\"id\":97248827,\"identity\":\"f2009bc0-bb00-471c-8cae-cfcf981f1cd0\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:07:30\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":76,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":27114,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage23.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/038e8498b1ed84e5fab04e23.png\"},{\"id\":97250429,\"identity\":\"0658510b-e6cb-4ae2-8b3d-572d4d3cb9e3\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:30\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":77,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":30851,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage24.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/ed21fc301159a858d095fbe6.png\"},{\"id\":97250281,\"identity\":\"1a281a4e-1793-42ed-b1a3-9117193b55bb\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:12\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":78,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":76081,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage25.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/edce5e829c7d2a4fec466db7.png\"},{\"id\":97250062,\"identity\":\"30814958-ee79-4220-a5e4-f99baf116dbd\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:13:50\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":79,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":11682,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage26.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/8a7528682620a63c1b67d06f.png\"},{\"id\":97250716,\"identity\":\"2df0507a-cea1-489a-84d4-9c59d4f1db83\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:15:05\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":80,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":7486,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage27.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/9087fdc242dccce3ee87c1be.png\"},{\"id\":97176747,\"identity\":\"c2643dcf-d14d-408b-bde4-e99a8af9d6b1\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:24\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":81,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":60246,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage28.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/3600ae31486f397d5d05b61b.png\"},{\"id\":97250527,\"identity\":\"5b39f405-dca9-4145-bde6-b185112b7f0d\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:39\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":82,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":10358,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage29.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/471ad5e8b948584b8ab4be20.png\"},{\"id\":97250385,\"identity\":\"c2457984-8a51-4616-bd7d-e6087b1e4b93\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:24\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":83,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":11465,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage3.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/2c19a485f253cc0dcca400f7.png\"},{\"id\":97250664,\"identity\":\"50bf7fb9-f413-4396-9b1d-904070b23342\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:54\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":84,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":17397,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage2.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/71c48e6c4217aff141d997f0.png\"},{\"id\":97249141,\"identity\":\"be2364ed-ff25-4d0c-91d0-1acc603a0b03\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:10:44\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":85,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":11465,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage3.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/0e70b94d9e2a406d69d237ec.png\"},{\"id\":97250103,\"identity\":\"ffaf0165-97ad-49ee-8477-6cddb7b99125\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:13:54\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":86,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":217398,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage32.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/1c0ed1d26f5bc65bf40dd180.png\"},{\"id\":97248916,\"identity\":\"d651c25b-8320-45d1-9e81-29d3d4de19be\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:08:13\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":87,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":67755,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage33.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/08cd6ed249c499a05e47ae4a.png\"},{\"id\":97176727,\"identity\":\"b97e5197-fdb6-44c9-b491-82222e24292c\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":88,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":27364,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage34.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/6245301a52940b78d6e3ecfe.png\"},{\"id\":97176697,\"identity\":\"16edf904-8b36-45f0-940c-7b8df2a141ba\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:22\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":89,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":11211,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage35.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/33e75028378ce0efc889c5e8.png\"},{\"id\":97176722,\"identity\":\"3e3f9d7d-531b-41fc-9c77-039381ef1732\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":90,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":10465,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage36.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/79dd1494e53fdd99ab51d5fa.png\"},{\"id\":97176707,\"identity\":\"b89d3bcd-e429-4251-902c-fb4d2be46087\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:22\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":91,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":174279,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage37.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/e113a3d3f7bea060ba057e97.png\"},{\"id\":97176723,\"identity\":\"f457bb24-6b2c-40b5-9ae7-471e3f0ab4bf\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":92,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":182073,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage38.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/c3c6ef21612f3492aaf71435.png\"},{\"id\":97176732,\"identity\":\"3965827e-dc43-4896-8613-f3bfe6426052\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":93,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":27870,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage39.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/004aca71d521733a5dc90342.png\"},{\"id\":97249128,\"identity\":\"3487d899-098b-410b-84ef-d3de69ef2437\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:10:38\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":94,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":217398,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage4.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/8f0dace4bcfe33042b6dbe8d.png\"},{\"id\":97249173,\"identity\":\"1e542f79-6f28-4fbd-9ff4-478dd594f9f6\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:11:02\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":95,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":146731,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage40.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/c32003dbbd09b46a7bbd41eb.png\"},{\"id\":97248821,\"identity\":\"12fb57ce-bdfd-4ae2-87b6-3c5e4d761bf4\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:07:29\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":96,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":7368,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage41.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/f0e8ca0038d85af243857fd8.png\"},{\"id\":97249069,\"identity\":\"76e5e650-5fed-4e99-b5a4-0af8cf8b2f58\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:10:10\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":97,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":25039,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage42.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/027c7b530605d231922f5585.png\"},{\"id\":97176756,\"identity\":\"e2da6b0b-e641-4522-bc1f-cdf443d5ffb2\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:24\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":98,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":7422,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage43.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/6f1fd3b9603a5a046cde3352.png\"},{\"id\":97176754,\"identity\":\"e4af9cee-104d-4694-9331-915cdb9f375a\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:24\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":99,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":31172,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage44.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/ac074b76ae86b2a166ac3ec3.png\"},{\"id\":97176718,\"identity\":\"b63d42dd-fcd1-45cc-8753-375ad20b2316\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":100,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":284743,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage45.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/f167317a19cded86211c6502.png\"},{\"id\":97176708,\"identity\":\"b16bcc05-85d2-4fdd-98c9-fa32a5574327\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:22\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":101,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":201200,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage46.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/d70e0c87713e2c7a2f516f35.png\"},{\"id\":97250180,\"identity\":\"919fd6d0-7451-4072-95bf-b7d9aa6b7289\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:14:04\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":102,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":243039,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage47.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/6b75e6909c8b6f5386fe1dd0.png\"},{\"id\":97248948,\"identity\":\"75bed68d-0841-47b1-8c10-7ad2123fa70d\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:08:51\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":103,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":37093,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage48.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/5a4700b859196019a151b781.png\"},{\"id\":97176730,\"identity\":\"73e05c32-bbb1-4312-8267-7bca4b6fc1de\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":104,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":76114,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage49.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/51f84b3618a712de7dd21bfa.png\"},{\"id\":97176744,\"identity\":\"d0ecf45f-e31f-40c1-9087-418519755ea0\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":105,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":67755,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage5.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/48ea20861aa9b8bb79d6fc56.png\"},{\"id\":97249900,\"identity\":\"aa02b04e-664a-4621-b340-e589f2e8c770\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-02 13:13:36\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":106,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":11682,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage50.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/bef3a0acaea2257c750aa5ad.png\"},{\"id\":97176757,\"identity\":\"513c9273-d3b1-42bb-bd1b-1444a808ab09\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:24\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":107,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":7486,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage51.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/35c39c79283fe0d5ce6c1d3d.png\"},{\"id\":97176751,\"identity\":\"b1d091d0-b827-4f1b-bc8c-129b05fc9fb0\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:24\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":108,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":60246,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage52.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/94b94a41c1ea6bfd1dd2242e.png\"},{\"id\":97176761,\"identity\":\"763fc8c8-58d4-4287-b7bc-1f98df0e6e21\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:25\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":109,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":27364,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage34.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/941c2b14718efc787e2e66d5.png\"},{\"id\":97176741,\"identity\":\"67bcef91-6544-4072-80df-58011369bfb1\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":110,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":11211,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage35.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/2ed04186e5aea915e0ed3ad6.png\"},{\"id\":97176760,\"identity\":\"a69c356b-211c-4aeb-8c11-9ae9f4cce509\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:24\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":111,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":10465,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage36.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/a877cca790453b1b55d38511.png\"},{\"id\":97176728,\"identity\":\"ca5b010a-ac85-4c3d-8dc5-14900777bfe8\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":112,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":174279,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage9.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/cb8da78f8ca89ea55be26ee7.png\"},{\"id\":97176762,\"identity\":\"bdb333dc-7dca-455d-9268-a8b5e622be59\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:25\",\"extension\":\"xml\",\"order_by\":113,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":223695,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"IJERD25024660structuring.xml\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/d218fc5510bad2d821cea26e.xml\"},{\"id\":97176724,\"identity\":\"5f7b4034-5eaa-4ba3-a980-e25e4dbd5874\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:23\",\"extension\":\"html\",\"order_by\":114,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":237035,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"earlyproof.html\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/2062d2ce726692cd3974eae0.html\"},{\"id\":98435220,\"identity\":\"cd3d1d6d-42d0-4803-ab15-8a2177594dec\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:53:20\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":2505875,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"IJERManuscript1.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1_covered_f3cd2ae2-1a07-484f-a73e-a533d40201c1.pdf\"},{\"id\":97176647,\"identity\":\"27b56739-f2d1-4a2e-9d29-033925613789\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:21\",\"extension\":\"docx\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"supplement\",\"size\":275166,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"IJERGraphicalAbstract.docx\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8172769/v1/d3b4c5b405d35b1c5877e3da.docx\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"\",\"formattedTitle\":\"Photodegradation Of Bisphenol A In Water Via Round-The-Clock Visible Light Driven Dual-Layer Hollow Fiber Membrane Incorporated With Tungsten Nanotubes\",\"fulltext\":[],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":false,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":true,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":true,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":true,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Bisphenol A, photocatalysis, dual-layer hollow fibre membrane, wastewater treatment, energy storage\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8172769/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8172769/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eBisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical harmful to human health. Photocatalytic degradation using visible-light photocatalysts with energy storage capability enhances BPA removal. However, WO\\u003csub\\u003e3\\u003c/sub\\u003e-based photocatalysts face limitations due to constrained active sites and less efficient charge transfer. To address these issues, novel Cu\\u003csub\\u003e2\\u003c/sub\\u003eO/WO\\u003csub\\u003e3\\u003c/sub\\u003e nanotubes (CWNT) were developed, offering large surface areas that improve charge carrier dynamics and photocatalytic activity. WO\\u003csub\\u003e3\\u003c/sub\\u003e stores reductive energy during light irradiation, while Cu\\u003csub\\u003e2\\u003c/sub\\u003eO functions as a visible-light photocatalyst due to its low band gap of 2.2eV. The Z-scheme heterojunction between WO\\u003csub\\u003e3\\u003c/sub\\u003e and Cu\\u003csub\\u003e2\\u003c/sub\\u003eO enables synergistic effects. A dual-layer hollow fibre (DLHF) membrane embedded with CWNT was developed for BPA degradation through photocatalysis and energy storage. CWNT was synthesized, and increased Cu\\u003csub\\u003e2\\u003c/sub\\u003eO loading enhanced photocatalytic efficiency, with CWNT-L10 achieving the best degradation (85% under light, 70.73% in the dark), leading to its selection for membrane fabrication. The DLHF membrane was fabricated with varying CWNT loadings. The membrane with 5wt% CWNT loading (PVDF-L0.5) showed superior performance, significantly enhancing hydrophilicity, surface roughness, porosity, and mechanical strength over the neat membrane. PVDF-L0.5 exhibited high BPA degradation rates (97% under light, 77.60% in the dark) and a high water flux of 534\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;5.18L/m\\u0026sup2;\\u0026middot;h. Compared to non-nanotube photocatalysts, it showed a 2.6% higher BPA removal efficiency. PVDF-L0.5 maintained performance over three cycles with a low efficiency drop of 12.43%. Leaching tests showed no Cu and minimal W leaching, indicating environmental safety. This study demonstrates the potential of CWNT-embedded DLHF membranes with energy storage capability for efficient BPA degradation in wastewater treatment.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Photodegradation Of Bisphenol A In Water Via Round-The-Clock Visible Light Driven Dual-Layer Hollow Fiber Membrane Incorporated With Tungsten Nanotubes\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:16\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8172769/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"cfc65a67-d137-49b1-af19-6d7216e4b0b4\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"December 1st, 2025\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"posted\",\"subjectAreas\":[],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2025-12-16T13:26:59+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":[],\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2025-12-01 15:39:16\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-8172769\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-8172769\",\"identity\":\"rs-8172769\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}