Subject Index to Volume 194

Abdomen Biomechanical characterization of vaginal versus abdominal surgical wound healing in the rabbit (Abramov et al). 2006;194:1472-7 Mesh erosion in abdominal sacral colpopexy with and without concomitant hysterectomy (Wu et al). 2006;194:1418-22 Abdominal delivery; see Cesarean section Abdominal pain Outpatient laparoscopy for abdominal and pelvic pain in the United States 1994 through 1996 (Tu and Beaumont). 2006;194:699-703 Abnormalities Does abortion technique influence the course of perinatal grief in second trimester termination for fetal anomalies? (Kerstring et al) (Letter); (Burgoine and Romm) (Reply). 2006;194:1743-4 Screening for major structural abnormalities at the 11- to 14-week ultrasound scan (Souka et al). 2006;194:393-6 Abortion Cervical preparation using laminaria with adjunctive buccal misoprostol before second-trimester dilation and evacuation procedures: a randomized clinical trial (Edelman et al). 2006;194:425-30 Cost-effectiveness of dilation and evacuation versus the induction of labor for second-trimester pregnancy termination (Cowett et al). 2006;194:768-73 Does abortion technique influence the course of perinatal grief in second trimester termination for fetal anomalies? (Kerstring et al) (Letter); (Burgoine and Romm) (Reply). 2006;194:1743-4 Abortion, habitual Failure of decidual arteriolar remodeling in the CBA/J × DBA/2 murine model of recurrent pregnancy loss is linked to increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) (Dixon et al). 2006;194:113-9 Reduction of circulating annexin A5 levels and resistance to annexin A5 anticoagulant activity in women with recurrent spontaneous pregnancy losses (Rand et al). 2006;194:182-8 Abortion, legal Estimation of pregnancy-related mortality risk by pregnancy outcome, United States, 1991 to 1999 (Grimes). 2006;194:92-4 Abortion, spontaneous Estimation of pregnancy-related mortality risk by pregnancy outcome, United States, 1991 to 1999 (Grimes). 2006;194:92-4 Abruptio placentae Risk factors for abruptio placentae among Peruvian women (Sanchez et al). 2006;194:225-30 Acetylcysteine N-acetyl-cysteine suppresses amniotic fluid and placenta inflammatory cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide in rats (Beloosesky et al). 2006;194:268-73 Acupressure Acupressure for the in-patient treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized control trial (Heazell et al). 2006;194:815-20 Acyclovir Valacyclovir therapy to reduce recurrent genital herpes in pregnant women (Andrews et al). 2006;194:774-81 Adenocarcinoma Prognostic factors and clinicopathologic characteristics of invasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix (Chargui et al). 2006;194:43-8 Adiponectin Insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome and the measurements of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and ghrelin (Chu et al). 2006;194:100-4 Administration, intravaginal Intravaginal glyceryl trinitrate and dinoprostone for cervical ripening and induction of labor (Nunes et al). 2006;194:1022-6 Administration, oral Oral analgesia compared with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for pain after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial (Davis et al). 2006;194:967-71 Adnexa uteri The risk of hydrosalpinx formation and adnexectomy following tubal ligation and subsequent hysterectomy: a historical cohort study (Morse et al). 2006;194:1273-6 Adrenal cortex hormones Neonatal adrenal function after repeat dose prenatal corticosteroids: a randomized controlled trial (Ashwood et al). 2006;194:861-7 Plurality-dependent risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage among very low birth weight infants and antepartum corticosteroid treatment (Blickstein et al). 2006;194:1329-33. (Spellacy) (Letter); (Blickstein) (Reply). 2006;194:302 Adrenal gland Neonatal adrenal function after repeat dose prenatal corticosteroids: a randomized controlled trial (Ashwood et al). 2006;194:861-7 African Continental Ancestry Group Glucose challenge test threshold values in screening for gestational diabetes among black women (Friedman et al). 2006;194:e46-e48 (Residents' papers) Readily treatable reproductive tract infections and preterm birth among black women (French et al). 2006;194:1717-27 Aged Posterior vaginal sling experience in elderly patients yields poor results (Mattox et al). 2006;194:1462-6 Age factors Effect of patient age on increasing morbidity and mortality following urogynecologic surgery (Sung et al). 2006;194:1411-7 Predictors of occult neoplasia in women undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (Lamb et al). 2006;194:1702-9 Albumin Hypoalbuminemia: a cause of fetal hydrops? (Pasman et al). 2006;194:972-5 Alcohol-induced disorders, nervous system Prevention of alcohol-induced learning deficits in fetal alcohol syndrome mediated through NMDA and GABA receptors (Toso et al). 2006;194:681-6 Alpha1 type I collagen; see Collagen type I Alpha-fetoproteins Second-trimester prediction of severe placental complications in women with combined elevations in alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin (Alkazaleh et al). 2006;194:821-7 Ambrosia Structural and functional comparison of mast cells in the pregnant versus nonpregnant human uterus (Garfield et al). 2006;194:261-7 Ambulatory care Outpatient laparoscopy for abdominal and pelvic pain in the United States 1994 through 1996 (Tu and Beaumont). 2006;194:699-703 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists practice bulletins: an overview (Chauhan et al). 2006;194:1564-75 American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Editorial board changes (Garite and Kim). 2006;194:597 (Editorial) Aminophylline The benefit of combined maternal administration of magnesium sulfate and aminophylline (Hays et al) (Letter); (Di Renzo et al) (Reply). 2006;194:592-4 Neuroprophylaxis with aminophylline and magnesium sulfate? (Mittendorf and Pyrde) (Letter); (Di Renzo et al) (Reply). 2006;194:593-4 Aminoquinolines Preliminary results of 5% immiquimod cream in the primary treatment of vulva intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 (Le et al). 2006;194:377-80 Amniocentesis A low vaginal “pool” amniotic fluid glucose measurement is a predictive but not a sensitive marker for infection in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (Buhimschi et al). 2006;194:309-16 (Editors' choice) A novel amniocentesis model for learning stereotactic skills (Zubair et al). 2006;194:846-8 Operator experience and sample quality in genetic amniocentesis (Welch et al). 2006;194:189-91 Prenatal diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: a new screening program for chromosomal anomalies (Coll et al). 2006;194:192-8 Amnion Amniography. Preliminary report (Menees et al). 2006;194:586-7 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Separation of amnion from choriodecidua is an integral event to the rupture of normal term fetal membranes and constitutes a significant component of the work required (Arikat et al). 2006;194:211-7 A short cervix in women with preterm labor and intact membranes: a risk factor for microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (Caughey) (Letter); (Gomez et al) (Reply). 2006;194:901-3 Why and how we started amniography (Miller). 2006;194:587-8 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Amniotic fluid Annexin A5 levels in midtrimester amniotic fluid: association with intrauterine growth restriction (Van Eerden et al). 2006;194:1371-6 Extracellular 70-kd heat shock protein in mid-trimester amniotic fluid and its effect on cytokine production by ex vivo–cultured amniotic fluid cells (Jean-Pierre et al). 2006;194:694-8 A low vaginal “pool” amniotic fluid glucose measurement is a predictive but not a sensitive marker for infection in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (Buhimschi et al). 2006;194:309-16 (Editors' choice) N-acetyl-cysteine suppresses amniotic fluid and placenta inflammatory cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide in rats (Beloosesky et al). 2006;194:268-73 The NICHD-MFMU antibiotic treatment of preterm PROM study: impact of initial amniotic fluid volume on pregnancy outcome (Mercer et al). 2006;194:438-45 Ampicillin Optimal timing of ampicillin administration to pregnant women for establishing bactericidal levels in the prophylaxis of group B Streptococcus (Colombo et al). 2006;194:466-70 Anal canal Anal sphincter defects and bowel symptoms in women with and without recognized anal sphincter trauma (Nichols et al). 2006;194:1450-4 External anal sphincter volume measurements using 3-dimensional endoanal ultrasound (Gregory et al). 2006;194:1243-8 (Imaging) Women's health 18 years after rupture of the anal sphincter during childbirth: I. fecal incontinence (Faltin et al). 2006;194:1255-9 Women's health 18 years after rupture of the anal sphincter during childbirth: II. urinary incontinence, sexual function, and physical and mental health (Otero et al). 2006;194:1260-5 Analgesia Oral analgesia compared with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for pain after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial (Davis et al). 2006;194:967-71 Timing of conduction of analgesia in labor (Nageotte). 2006;194:598-9 (Editorial) Analgesia, epidural Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia in labor: does it increase the risk of cesarean section? A randomized trial (Ohel et al). 2006;194:600-5 (Editors' choice) Epidural analgesia associated with low-dose oxytocin augmentation increases cesarean births: a critical look at the external validity of randomized trials (Kotaska et al). 2006;194:809-14 Anal sphincter; see Anal canal Anatomy Dissection bias in subperitoneal pelvic anatomy (Höckel and Fritsch) (Letter); (Yabuki et al) (Reply). 2006;194:1504-5 Anemia Divergent trophoblast invasion and apoptosis in placental bed spiral arteries from pregnancies complicated by maternal anemia and early-onset preeclampsia/intrauterine growth restriction (Kadyrov et al). 2006;194:557-63 Anemia, iron-deficiency The effects of prophylactic iron given in prenatal supplements on iron status and birth outcomes: a randomized controlled trial (Siega-Riz et al). 2006;194:512-9 Angiogenesis; see Neovascularization Angiogenesis inducing agents Circulating angiogenic factors in preeclampsia, gestational proteinuria, and preeclampsia superimposed on chronic glomerulonephritis (Masuyama et al). 2006;194:551-6 Angiogenic factor; see Angiogenesis inducing agents Angiopoietin-1 Differential expression of angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and Tie receptors in placentas from pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta (Tseng et al). 2006;194:564-71 Angiopoietin-2 Differential expression of angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and Tie receptors in placentas from pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta (Tseng et al). 2006;194:564-71 Animal models; see Models, animal Annexin A5 Annexin A5 levels in midtrimester amniotic fluid: association with intrauterine growth restriction (Van Eerden et al). 2006;194:1371-6 Reduction of circulating annexin A5 levels and resistance to annexin A5 anticoagulant activity in women with recurrent spontaneous pregnancy losses (Rand et al). 2006;194:182-8 Anthrax Emerging infectious disease outbreaks: old lessons and new challenges for obstetrician-gynecologists (Jamieson et al). 2006;194:1546-55 (Review article) Antibiotic prophylaxis Prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section (Ledger) (Letter); (Morrison) (Reply). 2006;194:1500 Timing of prophylactic antibiotic administration in the uninfected laboring gravida: a randomized clinical trial (Dietz et al) (Letter); (Morrison) (Reply). 2006;194:1741-3 Antibiotics The HPTN 024 Study: the efficacy of antibiotics to prevent chorioamnionitis and preterm birth (Goldenberg et al). 2006;194:650-61 Interconceptional antibiotics to prevent spontaneous preterm birth: a randomized clinical trial (Andrews et al). 2006;194:617-23 (Editors' choice) Neonatal Escherichia coli sepsis: possible effects of gender, type of surfactant, or time to initiation of antibiotics? (Molloy and O'Neill) (Letter); (Mayor-Lynn et al) (Reply). 2006;194:1201-2 The NICHD-MFMU antibiotic treatment of preterm PROM study: impact of initial amniotic fluid volume on pregnancy outcome (Mercer et al). 2006;194:438-45 Preconceptional antibiotic treatment to prevent preterm birth in women with a previous preterm delivery (Espinoza et al). 2006;194:630-7 (Review article) Antibodies, anticardiolipin Reduction of circulating annexin A5 levels and resistance to annexin A5 anticoagulant activity in women with recurrent spontaneous pregnancy losses (Rand et al). 2006;194:182-8 Antioxidants Effects of menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive use on serum levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants (Palan et al). 2006;194:e35-e38 (Residents' papers) Antiphospholipid syndrome Impaired factor XIIa–dependent activation of fibrinolysis in treated antiphospholipid syndrome gestations developing late-pregnancy complications (Carmona et al). 2006;194:457-65 APACHE Utility of acute physiology, age, and chronic health evaluation (APACHE III) score in maternal admissions to the intensive care unit (Stevens et al). 2006;194:e13-e15 (Residents' papers) Apoptosis Dietary vitamin and lipid therapy rescues aberrant signaling and apoptosis and prevents hyperglycemia-induced diabetic embryopathy in rats (Reece et al). 2006;194:580-5 Divergent trophoblast invasion and apoptosis in placental bed spiral arteries from pregnancies complicated by maternal anemia and early-onset preeclampsia/intrauterine growth restriction (Kadyrov et al). 2006;194:557-63 Aquaporin 1 Steady-state levels of aquaporin 1 mRNA expression are increased in idiopathic polyhydramnios (Mann et al). 2006;194:884-7 Arteries Adaptation to pregnancy leads to attenuated rat uterine artery smooth muscle sensitivity to oxytocin (Vedernikov et al). 2006;194:252-60 Divergent trophoblast invasion and apoptosis in placental bed spiral arteries from pregnancies complicated by maternal anemia and early-onset preeclampsia/intrauterine growth restriction (Kadyrov et al). 2006;194:557-63 Failure of decidual arteriolar remodeling in the CBA/J × DBA/2 murine model of recurrent pregnancy loss is linked to increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) (Dixon et al). 2006;194:113-9 Inhibitory effect of erythropoietin on contractility of human chorionic plate vessels (Jain et al). 2006;194:246-51, 246.e1-e7 Arteriovenous anastomosis Intertwin anastomoses in monochorionic placentas after fetoscopic laser coagulation for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: is there more than meets the eye? (Lewi et al). 2006;194:790-5 Twin pregnancies with two separate placental masses can still be monochorionic and have vascular anastomoses (Lopriore et al). 2006;194:804-8 Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence: can computers help solve the puzzle of parturition? (Norwitz). 2006;194:1510-2 (Editorial) Ascorbic acid Unexpected results of an important trial of vitamins C and E administration to prevent preeclampsia (Romero and Garite). 2006;194:1213-4 (Editorial) Asian Americans Perinatal complications among different Asian-American subgroups (Rao et al). 2006;194:e39-e41 (Residents' papers) Asthma Spirometry is related to perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with asthma (Schatz et al). 2006;194:120-6 Autonomic nervous system The effect of raloxifene on cardiac autonomic regulation in osteoporotic women (Gol et al). 2006;194:1249-54

Bacterial vaginosis; see Vaginosis, bacterial Bacteriuria Bacteriuria in pregnant women with sickle cell trait (Thurman et al). 2006;194:1366-70 Bariatric surgery Pregnancy outcome of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus following bariatric surgery (Sheiner et al). 2006;194:431-5 Betamethasone Betamethasone effects on ovine uterine and umbilical placental perfusion at the dose used to enhance fetal lung maturation (Schwab et al). 2006;194:572-9 Lowering the dose of antenatal steroids: the effects of a single course of betamethasone on somatic growth and brain cell proliferation in the rat (Bruschettini et al). 2006;194:1341-6 Biological markers The known and unknown leptin in pregnancy (Hauguel-de Mouzon et al). 2006;194:1537-45 (Review article) Salivary proteinase activity: a potential biomarker for preterm premature rupture of the membranes (Menon et al). 2006;194:1609-15 Biomechanics Biomechanical characterization of vaginal versus abdominal surgical wound healing in the rabbit (Abramov et al). 2006;194:1472-7 Mifepristone-induced cervical ripening: structural, biomechanical, and molecular events (Clark et al). 2006;194:1391-8 Biomedical research A clarion call for translational and collaborative research (Reece). 2006;194:1507-9 (Editorial) Biopsy, needle The use of needle biopsy for assessment of placental gene expression (Sadovsky et al). 2006;194:1137-44 Birth rate Temporal trends in the rates of trial of labor in low-risk pregnancies and their impact on the rates and success of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (Yeh et al). 2006;194:144-52, 144.e1-e12 Birth weight Birth weight and neurodevelopmental outcome of children at 2 years of age after planned vaginal delivery for breech presentation at term (Molkenboer et al). 2006;194:624-9 (Clin. opinion) Correlation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level with pregnancy outcome in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (Baker et al). 2006;194:1668-75 Customized versus population-based birth weight standards for identifying growth restricted infants: a French multicenter study (Ego et al). 2006;194:1042-9 What proportion of birth weight is attributable to maternal glucose among infants of diabetic women? (Sacks et al). 2006;194:501-7 Blacks; see African Continental Ancestry Group Bladder Following midurethral versus bladder sling procedures (Botros et al). 2005;193:2144-8. Correction 2006;194:595 The relationship between anterior and apical compartment support (Summers et al). 2006;194:1438-43 Bladder diseases Outcomes with porcine graft placement in the anterior vaginal compartment in patients who undergo high vaginal uterosacral suspension and cystocele repair (Wheeler et al). 2006;194:1486-91 Bladder neoplasms Microscopic hematuria as a predictive factor for detecting bladder cancer at cystoscopy in women with irritative voiding symptoms (Wu et al). 2006;194:1423-6 Blood chemical analysis Fetal blood analysis during labor (Saling). 2006;194:896-9 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Blood flow velocity Correlations of placental perfusion and PlGF protein expression in early human pregnancy (Welch et al). 2006;194:1625-31 Blood glucose What proportion of birth weight is attributable to maternal glucose among infants of diabetic women? (Sacks et al). 2006;194:501-7 Blood platelets Subclinical signs of vascular damage relate to enhanced platelet responsiveness among nonpregnant formerly preeclamptic women (Spaanderman et al). 2006;194:855-60 Blood pressure Serum sFlt1 concentration during preeclampsia and mid trimester blood pressure in healthy nulliparous women (Levine et al). 2006;194:1034-41 Blood vessels Subclinical signs of vascular damage relate to enhanced platelet responsiveness among nonpregnant formerly preeclamptic women (Spaanderman et al). 2006;194:855-60 Blood volume Cerebral hemodynamics during the induction of antenatal periventricular leukomalacia by hemorrhagic hypotension in chronically instrumented fetal sheep (Matsuda et al). 2006;194:1057-63 Body image Women seeking treatment for advanced pelvic organ prolapse have decreased body image and quality of life (Jelovsek et al). 2006;194:1455-61 Bone density Exercise and bone mineral density at the femoral neck in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials with individual patient data (Kelley and Kelley). 2006;194:760-7 Bone resorption Unsuccessful attempt to demonstrate progesterone's bone formation actions (Prior et al) (Letter); (Liu) (Reply). 2006;194:1502-3 Brachial plexus Risk factors for brachial plexus injury with and without shoulder dystocia (Gurewitsch et al). 2006;194:486-92 Brain Lowering the dose of antenatal steroids: the effects of a single course of betamethasone on somatic growth and brain cell proliferation in the rat (Bruschettini et al). 2006;194:1341-6 Brain injuries Incidence, origin, and character of cerebral injury in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome treated with fetoscopic laser surgery (Lopriore et al). 2006;194:1215-20 (Editors' choice) Brain ischemia Cerebral hemodynamics during the induction of antenatal periventricular leukomalacia by hemorrhagic hypotension in chronically instrumented fetal sheep (Matsuda et al). 2006;194:1057-63 Breast Cancer Prevention Trial Benign gynecologic conditions in tamoxifen-treated patients (Cohen) (Letter); (Chalas et al) (Reply). 2006;194:1204-5 Breast neoplasms Benign gynecologic conditions in tamoxifen-treated patients (Cohen) (Letter); (Chalas et al) (Reply). 2006;194:1204-5 Incidence of malignancy in hormone therapy users with indeterminate calcifications on mammogram (Lochner and Brubaker). 2006;194:82-5 Women's primary care providers and breast cancer screening: who's following the guidelines? (Wallace et al). 2006;194:744-8 Breech presentation Birth weight and neurodevelopmental outcome of children at 2 years of age after planned vaginal delivery for breech presentation at term (Molkenboer et al). 2006;194:624-9 (Clin. opinion) Five years to the term breech trial: the rise and fall of a randomized controlled trial (Glezerman). 2006;194:20-5 (Clin. opinion) Is planned vaginal delivery for breech presentation at term still an option? Results of an observational prospective survey in France and Belgium (Goffinet et al). 2006;194:1002-11 Bromodeoxyuridine The effects of repeated corticosteroid administration on the neurogenesis in the neonatal rat (Kanagawa et al). 2006;194:231-8

Calcium Calcium supplementation during pregnancy and lactation: effects on the mother and the fetus (Thomas and Weisman). 2006;194:937-45 (Review article) Effect of magnesium sulfate on contractile force and intracellular calcium concentration in pregnant human myometrium (Fomin et al). 2006;194:1384-90 World Health Organization randomized trial of calcium supplementation among low calcium intake pregnant women (Villar et al). 2006;194:639-49 Carbon dioxide The hemoglobin, oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentrations in the umbilical blood of sheep and goats as sampled via indwelling plastic catheters (Meschia et al). 2006;194:1196-7 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Carcinoma Cyclooxygenase-2, angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, P-glycoprotein in advanced ovarian serous carcinoma (Raspollini et al) (Letter); (Munkarah and Ali-Fehmi) (Reply). 2006;194:1203-4 Carcinoma, endometrioid Biologic targets for therapeutic intervention in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma and malignant mixed müllerian tumors (Rice et al). 2006;194:1119-28 Carcinoma, papillary Overexpression of kallikrein 10 (hK10) in uterine serous papillary carcinomas (Santin et al). 2006;194:1296-302 Carcinoma in situ Preliminary results of 5% immiquimod cream in the primary treatment of vulva intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 (Le et al). 2006;194:377-80 Cardiovascular diseases Understanding the effects of SERMs on cardiovascular disease (Wild). 2006;194:1211-2 (Editorial) Cardiovascular hemodynamics; see Hemodynamic processes Cardiovascular system The effect of raloxifene on cardiac autonomic regulation in osteoporotic women (Gol et al). 2006;194:1249-54 Caregivers Intrinsic racial differences in the risk of cesarean delivery are not explained by differences in caregivers or hospital site of delivery (Chung et al). 2006;194:1323-8 Case control studies Obstetric risk factors for symptomatic prolapse: a population-based approach (Tegerstedt et al). 2006;194:75-81 Catgut Impact of chromic catgut versus polyglactin 910 versus fast-absorbing polyglactin 910 sutures for perineal repair: a randomized, controlled trial (Leroux and Bujold). 2006;194:1585-90 Catheters, indwelling The hemoglobin, oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentrations in the umbilical blood of sheep and goats as sampled via indwelling plastic catheters (Meschia et al). 2006;194:1196-7 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Indwelling plastic catheters in developmental physiology (Meschia). 2006;194:1197-9 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) CD4 lymphocyte count Nevirapine toxicity in a cohort on HIV-1–infected pregnant women (João et al). 2006;194:199-202 Cell differentiation The effects of repeated corticosteroid administration on the neurogenesis in the neonatal rat (Kanagawa et al). 2006;194:231-8 Cell hypoxia First-trimester trophoblast cell model gene response to hypoxia (Koklanaris et al). 2006;194:687-93 Cell proliferation Cyclooxygenase-2, angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, P-glycoprotein in advanced ovarian serous carcinoma (Raspollini et al) (Letter); (Munkarah and Ali-Fehmi) (Reply). 2006;194:1203-4 Lowering the dose of antenatal steroids: the effects of a single course of betamethasone on somatic growth and brain cell proliferation in the rat (Bruschettini et al). 2006;194:1341-6 Cells, cultured Extracellular 70-kd heat shock protein in mid-trimester amniotic fluid and its effect on cytokine production by ex vivo–cultured amniotic fluid cells (Jean-Pierre et al). 2006;194:694-8 Central Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Transactions of the 72nd annual meeting of the Central Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2006;194:1563 Cerclage, cervical Evaluation of effectiveness of prophylactic cerclage of a short cervix according to interleukin-8 in cervical mucus (Sakai et al). 2006;194:14-9 (Editors' choice) The role of cervical cerclage in obstetric practice: can the patient who could benefit from this procedure be identified? (Romero et al). 2006;194:1-9 (Editorial) Cerebellum Diagnosis of inferior vermian hypoplasia by fetal magnetic resonance imaging: potential pitfalls and neurodevelopmental outcome (Limperopoulos et al). 2006;194:1070-6 (Imaging) Cerebral palsy The association between inherited cytokine polymorphisms and cerebral palsy (Gibson et al). 2006;194:674-80, 674.e1-e11 Cervical cerclage; see Cerclage, cervical Cervical insufficiency; see Uterine cervical incompetence Cervical neoplasms; see Uterine cervical neoplasms Cervix Intravaginal glyceryl trinitrate and dinoprostone for cervical ripening and induction of labor (Nunes et al). 2006;194:1022-6 The “PRIM” study: a randomized comparison of prostaglandin E 2 gel with nitric oxide donor isosorbide mononitrate for cervical ripening before the induction of labor at term (Osman et al). 2006;194:1012-21 Risk factors for previable premature rupture of membranes or advanced cervical dilation: a case control study (Kilpatrick et al). 2006;194:1168-75 Cervix mucus Evaluation of effectiveness of prophylactic cerclage of a short cervix according to interleukin-8 in cervical mucus (Sakai et al). 2006;194:14-9 (Editors' choice) Cervix uteri Detection of morphological changes of the ovine cervix in response to sex steroids using a fluorescence confocal endomicroscope (Bott et al). 2006;194:105-12 Maternal characteristics and cervical length in the prediction of spontaneous early preterm delivery in twins (To et al). 2006;194:1360-5 Mifepristone-induced cervical ripening: structural, biomechanical, and molecular events (Clark et al). 2006;194:1391-8 Selective use of fetal fibronectin detection after cervical length measurement to predict spontaneous preterm delivery in women with preterm labor (Schmitz et al). 2006;194:138-43 A short cervix in women with preterm labor and intact membranes: a risk factor for microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (Caughey) (Letter); (Gomez et al) (Reply). 2006;194:901-3 Cesarean section Does magnesium sulfate reduce the short- and long-term requirements for pain relief after caesarean delivery? A double-blind placebo-controlled trial (Paech et al). 2006;194:1596-1603 Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia in labor: does it increase the risk of cesarean section? A randomized trial (Ohel et al). 2006;194:600-5 (Editors' choice) The effect of dystocia and previous cesarean uterine scar on the tensile properties of the lower uterine segment (Buhimschi et al). 2006;194:873-83 Emergent (crash) cesarean delivery: indications and outcomes (Lagrew et al). 2006;194:1638-43 Epidural analgesia associated with low-dose oxytocin augmentation increases cesarean births: a critical look at the external validity of randomized trials (Kotaska et al). 2006;194:809-14 Face presentation: predictors and delivery route (Shaffer et al). 2006;194:e10-e12 (Residents' papers) Five years to the term breech trial: the rise and fall of a randomized controlled trial (Glezerman). 2006;194:20-5 (Clin. opinion) Intrinsic racial differences in the risk of cesarean delivery are not explained by differences in caregivers or hospital site of delivery (Chung et al). 2006;194:1323-8 Is there a useful cesarean birth measure? Assessment of the nulliparous term singleton vertex cesarean birth rate as a tool for obstetric quality improvement (Main et al). 2006;194:1644-52 Manual rotation of the fetal occiput: predictors of success and delivery (Shaffer et al). 2006;194:e7-e9 (Residents' papers) Myth of the ideal cesarean section rate: commentary and historic perspective (Cyr). 2006;194:932-6 (Clin. opinion) Obstetric risk factors for symptomatic prolapse: a population-based approach (Tegerstedt et al). 2006;194:75-81 Oral analgesia compared with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for pain after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial (Davis et al). 2006;194:967-71 Pelvic magnetic resonance venography reveals high rate of pelvic vein thrombosis after cesarean section (Rodger et al). 2006;194:436-7 Prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section (Ledger) (Letter); (Morrison) (Reply). 2006;194:1500 Quality of obstetric care and risk-adjusted primary cesarean delivery rates (Bailit et al). 2006;194:402-7 Significance of accidental extensions in the lower uterine segment during cesarean delivery (de la Torre et al). 2006;194:e4-e6 (Residents' papers) Timing of prophylactic antibiotic administration in the uninfected laboring gravida: a randomized clinical trial (Dietz et al) (Letter); (Morrison) (Reply). 2006;194:1741-3 Uterine dehiscence in term pregnant patients with one previous cesarean delivery: growth factor immunoexpression and collagen content in the scarred lower uterine segment (Pollio et al). 2006;194:527-34 Chemotherapy; see Drug therapy Childbirth; see Parturition Child development Birth weight and neurodevelopmental outcome of children at 2 years of age after planned vaginal delivery for breech presentation at term (Molkenboer et al). 2006;194:624-9 (Clin. opinion) Diagnosis of inferior vermian hypoplasia by fetal magnetic resonance imaging: potential pitfalls and neurodevelopmental outcome (Limperopoulos et al). 2006;194:1070-6 (Imaging) Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of 167 children after intrauterine laser treatment for severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome (Graef et al). 2006;194:303-8 (Editors' choice) Maternal-fetal surgery for myelomeningocele: neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age (Johnson et al). 2006;194:1145-52 Neurodevelopmental outcome after laser therapy for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (Moise). 2006;194:1208-10 (Editorial) Chlamydia trachomatis Midpregnancy genitourinary tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis: association with subsequent preterm delivery in women with bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginalis (Andrews et al). 2006;194:493-500 Chorioamnionitis Acute and chronic chorioamnionitis and the risk of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission (Chi et al). 2006;194:174-81 The HPTN 024 Study: the efficacy of antibiotics to prevent chorioamnionitis and preterm birth (Goldenberg et al). 2006;194:650-61 Chorion Comparative study of perinatal outcome of dichorionic and trichorionic iatrogenic triplets (Bajoria et al). 2006;194:415-24 Intertwin anastomoses in monochorionic placentas after fetoscopic laser coagulation for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: is there more than meets the eye? (Lewi et al). 2006;194:790-5 Pregnancy and infant outcome of 80 consecutive cord coagulations in complicated monochorionic multiple pregnancies (Lewi et al). 2006;194:782-9 Prevalence and management of late fetal complications following successful selective laser coagulation of chorionic plate anastomoses in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (Robyr et al). 2006;194:796-803 Separation of amnion from choriodecidua is an integral event to the rupture of normal term fetal membranes and constitutes a significant component of the work required (Arikat et al). 2006;194:211-7 Twin pregnancies with two separate placental masses can still be monochorionic and have vascular anastomoses (Lopriore et al). 2006;194:804-8 Chorionic gonadotropin Obstetric outcomes in women with elevated maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (Towner et al). 2006;194:1676-82 Second-trimester prediction of severe placental complications in women with combined elevations in alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin (Alkazaleh et al). 2006;194:821-7 Chorionic villi The use of needle biopsy for assessment of placental gene expression (Sadovsky et al). 2006;194:1137-44 Chromosome aberrations Clinical use of first-trimester aneuploidy screening in a United States population can replicate data from clinical trials (Perni et al). 2006;194:127-30 Prenatal diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: a new screening program for chromosomal anomalies (Coll et al). 2006;194:192-8 Chromosome deletion Prospective study of 22q11 deletion analysis in fetuses with excess nuchal translucency (Donnenfeld et al). 2006;194:508-11 Chromosomes, human, pair 13 Circulating angiogenic proteins in trisomy 13 (Bdolah et al). 2006;194:239-45 Sonographic screening for trisomy 13 at 11 to 13 +6 weeks of gestation (Papageorghiou et al). 2006;194:397-401 Chromosomes, human, pair 18 Clinical use of first-trimester aneuploidy screening in a United States population can replicate data from clinical trials (Perni et al). 2006;194:127-30 Chromosomes, human, pair 22 Prospective study of 22q11 deletion analysis in fetuses with excess nuchal translucency (Donnenfeld et al). 2006;194:508-11 Chronic hepatitis b virus infection; see Hepatitis B, chronic Cicatrix The effect of dystocia and previous cesarean uterine scar on the tensile properties of the lower uterine segment (Buhimschi et al). 2006;194:873-83 Cisplatin Use of resveratrol to improve the effectiveness of cisplatin and doxorubicin: study in human gynecologic cancer cell lines and in rodent heart (Rezk et al). 2006;194:e23-e26 (Residents' papers) Clindamycin The effects of intravaginal clindamycin and metronidazole therapy on vaginal lactobacilli in patients with bacterial vaginosis (Nyirjesy et al). 2006;194:1277-82 Clinical opinion Clinical opinion. 2006;194:20-5, 317-21, 624-9, 932-6, 1221-33, 1532-6 Clinical trial Preventive ethics for including women of childbearing potential in clinical trials (McCullough et al). 2006;194:1221-7 (Clin. opinion) Clomiphene Thorough sonographic oocyte retrieval during in vitro fertilization produces results similar to ovarian wedge resection in patients with clomiphene citrate–resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome (Branigan et al). 2006;194:1696-1701 Cognitive therapy Mensendieck somatocognitive therapy as treatment approach to chronic pelvic pain: results of a randomized controlled intervention study (Haugstad et al). 2006;194:1303-10 Coitus Impact of chromic catgut versus polyglactin 910 versus fast-absorbing polyglactin 910 sutures for perineal repair: a randomized, controlled trial (Leroux and Bujold). 2006;194:1585-90 Collagen Uterine dehiscence in term pregnant patients with one previous cesarean delivery: growth factor immunoexpression and collagen content in the scarred lower uterine segment (Pollio et al). 2006;194:527-34 Collagen type I An α-1 chain of type I collagen Sp1-binding site polymorphism in women suffering from stress urinary incontinence (Skorupski et al). 2006;194:346-50 Colposcopy Mesh erosion in abdominal sacral colpopexy with and without concomitant hysterectomy (Wu et al). 2006;194:1418-22 Prediction of cervical histologic results using an abbreviated Reid Colposcopic Index during ALTS (Ferris and Litaker). 2006;194:704-10 Communicable diseases, emerging Emerging infectious disease outbreaks: old lessons and new challenges for obstetrician-gynecologists (Jamieson et al). 2006;194:1546-55 (Review article) Computer-assisted instruction To the point: reviews in medical education online computer assisted instruction materials (Hammoud et al). 2006;194:1064-9 (Education) Computers Artificial intelligence: can computers help solve the puzzle of parturition? (Norwitz). 2006;194:1510-2 (Editorial) Condoms Recent use of condoms and emergency contraception by women who selected condoms as their contraceptive method (Nelson). 2006;194:1710-6 Confocal microscopy; see Microscopy, confocal Congenital heart defects; see Heart defects, congenital Congenital toxoplasmosis; see Toxoplamosis, congenital Connexins Loss of communication in ovarian cancer (Toler et al). 2006;194:e27-e31 (Residents' papers) Continuous positive airway pressure Nocturic frequency is related to severity of obstructive sleep apnea, improves with continuous positive airways treatment (FitzGerald et al). 2006;194:1399-403 Contraception Unintended rapid repeat pregnancy and low education status: any role for depression and contraceptive use? (Bennett et al). 2006;194:749-54 Contraception behavior Contraceptive use and discontinuation: findings from the contraceptive history, initiation, and choice study (Brunner Huber et al). 2006;194:1290-5 Effects of menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive use on serum levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants (Palan et al). 2006;194:e35-e38 (Residents' papers) Recent use of condoms and emergency contraception by women who selected condoms as their contraceptive method (Nelson). 2006;194:1710-6 Contraceptives, oral Chemical birth of the pill (Djerassi et al). 2006;194:290-8 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Contraceptive use and discontinuation: findings from the contraceptive history, initiation, and choice study (Brunner Huber et al). 2006;194:1290-5 Effects of menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive use on serum levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants (Palan et al). 2006;194:e35-e38 (Residents' papers) Sex hormone-binding globulin – a surrogate marker for the prothrombic effects of combined oral contraceptives (van Rooijen et al) (Letter); (Garite) (Reply). 2006;194:1499-1500 Steroids LIV. Synthesis of 19-nor-17α-ethynyltestosterone and 19-nor-17α-methyltestosterone (Djerassi et al). 2006;194:289-90 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Cord blood; see Fetal blood Corrections Electrical inhibition of preterm birth: inhibition of uterine contractility in the rabbit and pup births in the rat (Karsdon et al) (2005;193:1986-93). 2006;194:595 Fetal electrocardiogram extraction (Graupe et al) (2005;193:S136). 2006;194:595 Following midurethral versus bladder sling procedures (Botros et al) (2005;193:2144-8). 2006;194:595 Corticosteroids; see Adrenal cortex hormones Costs and cost analysis Cost-effectiveness of dilation and evacuation versus the induction of labor for second-trimester pregnancy termination (Cowett et al). 2006;194:768-73 Creatine kinase Creatine phosphokinase in ectopic pregnancy revisited: significant diagnostic value of its MB and MM isoenzyme fractions (Katsikis et al). 2006;194:86-91 Creatine kinase, MB form Creatine phosphokinase in ectopic pregnancy revisited: significant diagnostic value of its MB and MM isoenzyme fractions (Katsikis et al). 2006;194:86-91 Creatine kinase, MM form Creatine phosphokinase in ectopic pregnancy revisited: significant diagnostic value of its MB and MM isoenzyme fractions (Katsikis et al). 2006;194:86-91 Creatine phosphokinase; see Creatine kinase Creatinine Uric acid concentrations in early pregnancy among preeclamptic women with gestational hyperuricemia at delivery (Powers et al). 2006;194:160-6, 160.e1-e8 Crime victims Sexual assault victims: factors associated with follow-up care (Ackerman et al). 2006;194:1653-9 Cyclooxygenase 2 Cyclooxygenase-2, angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, P-glycoprotein in advanced ovarian serous carcinoma (Raspollini et al) (Letter); (Munkarah and Ali-Fehmi) (Reply). 2006;194:1203-4 Cystic fibrosis Implementing prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis in routine obstetric practice (Ormond) (Letter); (Fries) (Reply). 2006;194:904-5 Cystitis Bacteriuria in pregnant women with sickle cell trait (Thurman et al). 2006;194:1366-70 Cystocele; see Bladder diseases Cystoscopy The incidence of ureteral obstruction and the value of intraoperative cystoscopy during vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (Gustilo-Ashby et al). 2006;194:1478-85 Microscopic hematuria as a predictive factor for detecting bladder cancer at cystoscopy in women with irritative voiding symptoms (Wu et al). 2006;194:1423-6 Cytogenetic analysis Operator experience and sample quality in genetic amniocentesis (Welch et al). 2006;194:189-91 Cytokines The association between inherited cytokine polymorphisms and cerebral palsy (Gibson et al). 2006;194:674-80, 674.e1-e11 Extracellular 70-kd heat shock protein in mid-trimester amniotic fluid and its effect on cytokine production by ex vivo–cultured amniotic fluid cells (Jean-Pierre et al). 2006;194:694-8 Cytomegalovirus infection Cytomegalovirus infection of trophoblast cells elicits an inflammatory response: a possible mechanism of placental dysfunction (Chou et al). 2006;194:535-41 Cytoreduction; see Surgery Cytoskeletal proteins Skeletal muscle heavy-chain polypeptide 3 and myosin binding protein H in the pubococcygeus muscle in patients with and without pelvic organ prolapse (Hundley et al). 2006;194:1404-10

Decidua Failure of decidual arteriolar remodeling in the CBA/J × DBA/2 murine model of recurrent pregnancy loss is linked to increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) (Dixon et al). 2006;194:113-9 Separation of amnion from choriodecidua is an integral event to the rupture of normal term fetal membranes and constitutes a significant component of the work required (Arikat et al). 2006;194:211-7 Delivery Birth weight and neurodevelopmental outcome of children at 2 years of age after planned vaginal delivery for breech presentation at term (Molkenboer et al). 2006;194:624-9 (Clin. opinion) Comparing McRoberts' and Rubin's maneuvers for initial management and shoulder dystocia: an objective evaluation (Escamilla) (Letter); (Gurewitsch and Allen) (Reply). 2006;194:591-2 The effect of intrapartum fetal pulse oximetry, in the presence of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern, on operative delivery rates: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial (the FOREMOST trial) (East et al). 2006;194:606-16, 606.e1-e16 (Editors' choice) Five years to the term breech trial: the rise and fall of a randomized controlled trial (Glezerman). 2006;194:20-5 (Clin. opinion) Higher rate of stillbirth at the extremes of reproductive age: a large nationwide sample of deliveries in the United States (Bateman and Simpson). 2006;194:840-5 Is planned vaginal delivery for breech presentation at term still an option? Results of an observational prospective survey in France and Belgium (Goffinet et al). 2006;194:1002-11 Uric acid concentrations in early pregnancy among preeclamptic women with gestational hyperuricemia at delivery (Powers et al). 2006;194:160-6, 160.e1-e8 Use of oral decongestants during pregnancy and delivery outcome (Källén and Olausson). 2006;194:480-5 Delivery, injuries Risk factors for brachial plexus injury with and without shoulder dystocia (Gurewitsch et al). 2006;194:486-92 Delivery of health care A comprehensive women's health care center: are gynecologists offering primary care? (Lentz et al). 2006;194:1660-7 Intrinsic racial differences in the risk of cesarean delivery are not explained by differences in caregivers or hospital site of delivery (Chung et al). 2006;194:1323-8 Depression Does abortion technique influence the course of perinatal grief in second trimester termination for fetal anomalies? (Kerstring et al) (Letter); (Burgoine and Romm) (Reply). 2006;194:1743-4 Unintended rapid repeat pregnancy and low education status: any role for depression and contraceptive use? (Bennett et al). 2006;194:749-54 Dexamethasone The effects of repeated corticosteroid administration on the neurogenesis in the neonatal rat (Kanagawa et al). 2006;194:231-8 Diabetes, gestational Association of insulin receptor substrate-1 G972R variant with baseline characteristics of the patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (Tok et al). 2006;194:868-72 Characteristics of patients with abnormal glucose challenge test and normal oral glucose tolerance test results: comparison with normal and gestational diabetic patients (Dudhbhai et al). 2006;194:e42-e45 (Residents' papers) Detection of gestational diabetes mellitus by homeostatic indices of insulin sensitivity: a preliminary study (Kauffman et al). 2006;194:1576-84 Gestational diabetes: what's the problem? (Greenberg) (Letter); (Langer et al) (Reply). 2006;194:299-300 Glucose challenge test threshold values in screening for gestational diabetes among black women (Friedman et al). 2006;194:e46-e48 (Residents' papers) Perinatal complications among different Asian-American subgroups (Rao et al). 2006;194:e39-e41 (Residents' papers) Pregnancy outcome of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus following bariatric surgery (Sheiner et al). 2006;194:431-5 What proportion of birth weight is attributable to maternal glucose among infants of diabetic women? (Sacks et al). 2006;194:501-7 Women with one elevated 3-hour glucose tolerance test value: are they at risk for adverse perinatal outcomes? (McLaughlin et al). 2006;194:e16-e19 (Residents' papers) Diabetes mellitus, experimental Dietary vitamin and lipid therapy rescues aberrant signaling and apoptosis and prevents hyperglycemia-induced diabetic embryopathy in rats (Reece et al). 2006;194:580-5 Diagnosis Creatine phosphokinase in ectopic pregnancy revisited: significant diagnostic value of its MB and MM isoenzyme fractions (Katsikis et al). 2006;194:86-91 Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis (Lane). 2006;194:S3-11 The role of cervical cerclage in obstetric practice: can the patient who could benefit from this procedure be identified? (Romero et al). 2006;194:1-9 (Editorial) Selective use of fetal fibronectin detection after cervical length measurement to predict spontaneous preterm delivery in women with preterm labor (Schmitz et al). 2006;194:138-43 Dietary supplements Calcium supplementation during pregnancy and lactation: effects on the mother and the fetus (Thomas and Weisman). 2006;194:937-45 (Review article) Correlates of intake of folic acid–containing supplements among pregnant women (Carmichael et al). 2006;194:203-10 Dietary vitamin and lipid therapy rescues aberrant signaling and apoptosis and prevents hyperglycemia-induced diabetic embryopathy in rats (Reece et al). 2006;194:580-5 The effects of prophylactic iron given in prenatal supplements on iron status and birth outcomes: a randomized controlled trial (Siega-Riz et al). 2006;194:512-9 World Health Organization randomized trial of calcium supplementation among low calcium intake pregnant women (Villar et al). 2006;194:639-49 DiGeorge syndrome Prospective study of 22q11 deletion analysis in fetuses with excess nuchal translucency (Donnenfeld et al). 2006;194:508-11 Dilatation and curettage Cervical preparation using laminaria with adjunctive buccal misoprostol before second-trimester dilation and evacuation procedures: a randomized clinical trial (Edelman et al). 2006;194:425-30 Cost-effectiveness of dilation and evacuation versus the induction of labor for second-trimester pregnancy termination (Cowett et al). 2006;194:768-73 Dilation Risk factors for previable premature rupture of membranes or advanced cervical dilation: a case control study (Kilpatrick et al). 2006;194:1168-75 Dinoprostone Intravaginal glyceryl trinitrate and dinoprostone for cervical ripening and induction of labor (Nunes et al). 2006;194:1022-6 The “PRIM” study: a randomized comparison of prostaglandin E2 gel with nitric oxide donor isosorbide mononitrate for cervical ripening before the induction of labor at term (Osman et al). 2006;194:1012-21 Sulprostone reduces the need for the manual removal of the placenta in patients with retained placenta: a randomized controlled trial (van Beekhuizen et al). 2006;194:446-50 Disease outbreaks Emerging infectious disease outbreaks: old lessons and new challenges for obstetrician-gynecologists (Jamieson et al). 2006;194:1546-55 (Review article) Disease transmission, vertical Acute and chronic chorioamnionitis and the risk of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission (Chi et al). 2006;194:174-81 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an emerging obstetric pathogen? (Jamieson et al). 2006;194:1532-6 (Clin. opinion) Prenatal diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: a new screening program for chromosomal anomalies (Coll et al). 2006;194:192-8 Targeted prenatal herpes simplex virus testing: can we identify women at risk of transmission to the neonate? (Mark et al). 2006;194:408-14 Dissection Dissection bias in subperitoneal pelvic anatomy (Höckel and Fritsch) (Letter); (Yabuki et al) (Reply). 2006;194:1504-5 DNA, viral Presence of HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBVDNA in ovary and ovum of the patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (Ye et al). 2006;194:387-92 Doppler ultrasonography; see Ultrasonography, Doppler Dose-response relationship, drug Betamethasone effects on ovine uterine and umbilical placental perfusion at the dose used to enhance fetal lung maturation (Schwab et al). 2006;194:572-9 Epidural analgesia associated with low-dose oxytocin augmentation increases cesarean births: a critical look at the external validity of randomized trials (Kotaska et al). 2006;194:809-14 Lowering the dose of antenatal steroids: the effects of a single course of betamethasone on somatic growth and brain cell proliferation in the rat (Bruschettini et al). 2006;194:1341-6 Down syndrome Clinical use of first-trimester aneuploidy screening in a United States population can replicate data from clinical trials (Perni et al). 2006;194:127-30 First-trimester nuchal translucency, nasal bones, and trisomy 21 in selected and unselected populations (Prefumo et al). 2006;194:828-33 Doxorubicin Use of resveratrol to improve the effectiveness of cisplatin and doxorubicin: study in human gynecologic cancer cell lines and in rodent heart (Rezk et al). 2006;194:e23-e26 (Residents' papers) Drug interactions Use of resveratrol to improve the effectiveness of cisplatin and doxorubicin: study in human gynecologic cancer cell lines and in rodent heart (Rezk et al). 2006;194:e23-e26 (Residents' papers) Drug resistance Thorough sonographic oocyte retrieval during in vitro fertilization produces results similar to ovarian wedge resection in patients with clomiphene citrate–resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome (Branigan et al). 2006;194:1696-1701 Drug therapy The impact of treatment for gynecological cancer on health-related quality of life (HRQoL): a systematic review (Jones et al). 2006;194:26-42 Review article) Randomized trial of medical treatment versus hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding: resource use in the Medicine or Surgery (Ms) trial (Showstack et al). 2006;194:332-8 Drug toxicity Nevirapine toxicity in a cohort on HIV-1–infected pregnant women (João et al). 2006;194:199-202 Dystocia Comparing McRoberts' and Rubin's maneuvers for initial management and shoulder dystocia: an objective evaluation (Escamilla) (Letter); (Gurewitsch and Allen) (Reply). 2006;194:591-2 The effect of dystocia and previous cesarean uterine scar on the tensile properties of the lower uterine segment (Buhimschi et al). 2006;194:873-83 Risk factors for brachial plexus injury with and without shoulder dystocia (Gurewitsch et al). 2006;194:486-92

Early pregnancy; see Pregnancy trimester, first Eating Antepartum seafood consumption and mercury levels in newborn cord blood (Sato et al). 2006;194:1683-8 Ectopic pregnancy; see Pregnancy, ectopic Editorials Artificial intelligence: can computers help solve the puzzle of parturition? (Norwitz). 2006;194:1510-3 A clarion call for translational and collaborative research (Reece). 2006;194:1507-9 Editorial (Iams). 2006;194:638, 946 Editorial board changes (Garite and Kim). 2006;194:597 Neurodevelopmental outcome after laser therapy for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (Moise). 2006;194:1208-10 The role of cervical cerclage in obstetric practice: can the patient who could benefit from this procedure be identified? (Romero et al). 2006;194:1-9 Stem cell therapy: moving towards reality (Evans). 2006;194:662-3 Timing of conduction of analgesia in labor (Nageotte). 2006;194:598-9 Understanding the effects of SERMs on cardiovascular disease (Wild). 2006;194:1211-2 Unexpected results of an important trial of vitamins C and E administration to prevent preeclampsia (Romero and Garite). 2006;194:1213-4 Vital considerations for the use of vital statistics in obstetrical research (Cahill and Macones). 2006;194:909-10 Welcome to Drs Kilpatrick and Macones (Garite). 2006;194:1207 Editors' choice Editors' choice. 2006;194:10-9, 303-16, 600-23, 606.e1-e16, 916-31, 1215-20, 1513-23 Education The newborn screening educational gap: what prenatal care providers do compared with what is expected (Faulkner et al). 2006;194:131-7 Education, medical A novel amniocentesis model for learning stereotactic skills (Zubair et al). 2006;194:846-8 To the point: reviews in medical education online computer assisted instruction materials (Hammoud et al). 2006;194:1064-9 (Education) Education, medical, graduate A new obstetric forceps for the training of junior doctors: a comparison of the spatial dispersion of forceps blade trajectories between junior and senior obstetricians (Dupuis et al). 2006;194:1524-31 (Editors' choice) The perceived impact of duty hour restrictions on the residency environment: a survey of residency program directors (Nuthalapaty et al). 2006;194:1556-62 (Education) The scope of duty hour–associated residency structure modifications (Nuthalapaty et al). 2006;194:282-8 (Education) Educational status Unintended rapid repeat pregnancy and low education status: any role for depression and contraceptive use? (Bennett et al). 2006;194:749-54 Elderly; see Aged Electrodes Electrical inhibition of preterm birth: inhibition of uterine contractility in the rabbit and pup births in the rat (Karsdon et al). 2005;193:1986-93. Correction 2006;194:595 A trial that compares Monsel's paste with ball electrode for hemostasis after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (Lipscomb et al). 2006;194:1591-5 Electrosurgery A trial that compares Monsel's paste with ball electrode for hemostasis after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (Lipscomb et al). 2006;194:1591-5 Embryopathy; see Fetal diseases Emerging infectious disease; see Communicable diseases, emerging Endometrial carcinoma; see Endometrial neoplasms Endometrial neoplasms Are the site, diameter, and number of endometrial polyps related with symptomatology? (Hassa et al). 2006;194:718-21 Risks and usefulness of sonohysterography in patients with endometrial carcinoma (Dessole et al). 2006;194:362-8 Endometrioid adenocarcinoma; see Carcinoma, endometrioid Endometriosis Elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor-2 in serum from women with endometriosis (Bourlev et al). 2006;194:755-9 Endometrium An autoregulatory element maintains HOXA10 expression in endometrial epithelial cells (Kelly et al). 2006;194:1100-9 Endothelin-1 Necessary to evaluate the possible involvement of endothelin-1 gene polymorphisms in urinary dysfunction? (Choy and Yip) (Letter); (Juillerat-Jeanneret) (Reply). 2006;194:300-2 Endothelins Endothelin and platelet-activating factor: significance in the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion-induced fetal growth restriction in the rat (Thaete and Neerhof). 2006;194:1377-83 Environmental exposure Antepartum seafood consumption and mercury levels in newborn cord blood (Sato et al). 2006;194:1683-8 Epidemiologic methods The use of United States vital statistics in perinatal and obstetric research (Schoendorf and Branum). 2006;194:911-5 (Research methods) Epidemiology Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis (Lane). 2006;194:S3-11 Risk factors for abruptio placentae among Peruvian women (Sanchez et al). 2006;194:225-30 Epidural analgesia; see Analgesia, epidural Episiotomy Impact of chromic catgut versus polyglactin 910 versus fast-absorbing polyglactin 910 sutures for perineal repair: a randomized, controlled trial (Leroux and Bujold). 2006;194:1585-90 Epithelial cells An autoregulatory element maintains HOXA10 expression in endometrial epithelial cells (Kelly et al). 2006;194:1100-9 Epithelium The effects of the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase on angiogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer (Malone et al). 2006;194:1110-8 Equipment and supplies Following midurethral versus bladder sling procedures (Botros et al). 2005;193:2144-8. Correction 2006;194:595 Equipment design A new obstetric forceps for the training of junior doctors: a comparison of the spatial dispersion of forceps blade trajectories between junior and senior obstetricians (Dupuis et al). 2006;194:1524-31 (Editors' choice) Erythropoietin Inhibitory effect of erythropoietin on contractility of human chorionic plate vessels (Jain et al). 2006;194:246-51, 246.e1-e7 Escherichia coli infections Neonatal Escherichia coli sepsis: possible effects of gender, type of surfactant, or time to initiation of antibiotics? (Molloy and O'Neill) (Letter); (Mayor-Lynn et al) (Reply). 2006;194:1201-2 Estradiol Detection of morphological changes of the ovine cervix in response to sex steroids using a fluorescence confocal endomicroscope (Bott et al). 2006;194:105-12 Ethics Keepsake ultrasounds: more than just another pretty face (Nielsen) (Letter); (Chervenak and McCullough) (Reply). 2006;194:1501-2 Ethics, medical Preventive ethics for including women of childbearing potential in clinical trials (McCullough et al). 2006;194:1221-7 (Clin. opinion) Ethnic groups Do racial and ethnic differences in serum folate values exist after food fortification with folic acid? (Lawrence et al). 2006;194:520-6 Ethnicity Face presentation: predictors and delivery route (Shaffer et al). 2006;194:e10-e12 (Residents' papers) Etiology Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis (Lane). 2006;194:S3-11 European Continental Ancestry Group Multilocous interactions at maternal tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor necrosis factor receptors, interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor genes predict spontaneous preterm labor in European-American women (Menon et al). 2006;194:1616-24 Exercise Exercise and bone mineral density at the femoral neck in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials with individual patient data (Kelley and Kelley). 2006;194:760-7 Exercise therapy Mensendieck somatocognitive therapy as treatment approach to chronic pelvic pain: results of a randomized controlled intervention study (Haugstad et al). 2006;194:1303-10 Extraction, obstetrical Fetal electrocardiogram extraction (Graupe et al). 2005;193:S136. Correction 2006;194:595

Face Face presentation: predictors and delivery route (Shaffer et al). 2006;194:e10-e12 (Residents' papers) Factor V Low molecular weight heparin vs. no treatment in pregnant women with previous preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction who are heterozygote for factor V Leiden or prothrombin gene G20210A mutation (Parrettielena et al). 2005;193:S2. Retraction 2006;194:1206 Factor XIIa Impaired factor XIIa–dependent activation of fibrinolysis in treated antiphospholipid syndrome gestations developing late-pregnancy complications (Carmona et al). 2006;194:457-65 Fallopian tube diseases The risk of hydrosalpinx formation and adnexectomy following tubal ligation and subsequent hysterectomy: a historical cohort study (Morse et al). 2006;194:1273-6 Family planning services Recent use of condoms and emergency contraception by women who selected condoms as their contraceptive method (Nelson). 2006;194:1710-6 Fascia Comparison of autologous rectus fascia and cadaveric fascia in pubovaginal sling continence outcomes (Howden et al). 2006;194:1444-9 Fecal incontinence Anal sphincter defects and bowel symptoms in women with and without recognized anal sphincter trauma (Nichols et al). 2006;194:1450-4 Women's health 18 years after rupture of the anal sphincter during childbirth: I. fecal incontinence (Faltin et al). 2006;194:1255-9 Femur Exercise and bone mineral density at the femoral neck in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials with individual patient data (Kelley and Kelley). 2006;194:760-7 Ferric subsulfate A trial that compares Monsel's paste with ball electrode for hemostasis after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (Lipscomb et al). 2006;194:1591-5 Fertilization in vitro Correlation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level with pregnancy outcome in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (Baker et al). 2006;194:1668-75 IVF results: optimize not maximize (El-Toukhy et al). 2006;194:322-31 (Review article) A prospective study of the effects of female and male marijuana use on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian tube (GIFT) outcomes (Klonoff-Cohen et al). 2006;194:369-76 Thorough sonographic oocyte retrieval during in vitro fertilization produces results similar to ovarian wedge resection in patients with clomiphene citrate–resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome (Branigan et al). 2006;194:1696-1701 Fetal alcohol syndrome Prevention of alcohol-induced learning deficits in fetal alcohol syndrome mediated through NMDA and GABA receptors (Toso et al). 2006;194:681-6 Fetal blood Acute and chronic chorioamnionitis and the risk of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission (Chi et al). 2006;194:174-81 Antepartum seafood consumption and mercury levels in newborn cord blood (Sato et al). 2006;194:1683-8 Fetal blood analysis during labor (Saling). 2006;194:896-9 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Fetal oxygenation and Doppler ultrasonography of cardiovascular hemodynamics in a chronic near-term sheep model (Mäkikallio et al). 2006;194:542-50 The hemoglobin, oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentrations in the umbilical blood of sheep and goats as sampled via indwelling plastic catheters (Meschia et al). 2006;194:1196-7 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) New procedures for examining the fetus during labor: introduction, technique, and basics (Saling). 2006;194:895-6 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Optimal timing of ampicillin administration to pregnant women for establishing bactericidal levels in the prophylaxis of group B Streptococcus (Colombo et al). 2006;194:466-70 Fetal death Estimation of pregnancy-related mortality risk by pregnancy outcome, United States, 1991 to 1999 (Grimes). 2006;194:92-4 Thrombophilia and pregnancy loss—picking up a needle from the haystack! (Ghosh et al) (Letter); (Gonen) (Reply). 2006;194:900-1 Fetal development Human fetal growth and organ development: 50 years of discoveries (Pardi and Cetin). 2006;194:1088-99 Indwelling plastic catheters in developmental physiology (Meschia). 2006;194:1197-9 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Fetal diseases Associations between fetal inherited thrombophilia and adverse pregnancy outcomes (Gibson et al). 2006;194:947-53, 947.e1-e10 Diagnostic accuracy of fetal renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter as a predictor of significant postnatal nephrouropathy: second versus third trimester of pregnancy (Gramellini et al). 2006;194:167-73 Dietary vitamin and lipid therapy rescues aberrant signaling and apoptosis and prevents hyperglycemia-induced diabetic embryopathy in rats (Reece et al). 2006;194:580-5 Fetal thymic involution: a sonographic marker of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (Di Naro et al). 2006;194:153-9 Peripartum myocardial ischemia: a review of Canadian deliveries from 1970 to 1998 (Macarthur et al). 2006;194:1027-33 Three-dimensional power Doppler (3DPD) ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of fetal vascular anomalies (Sciaky-Tamir et al). 2006;194:274-81 (Imaging) Fetal growth retardation Annexin A5 levels in midtrimester amniotic fluid: association with intrauterine growth restriction (Van Eerden et al). 2006;194:1371-6 Customized versus population-based birth weight standards for identifying growth restricted infants: a French multicenter study (Ego et al). 2006;194:1042-9 Divergent trophoblast invasion and apoptosis in placental bed spiral arteries from pregnancies complicated by maternal anemia and early-onset preeclampsia/intrauterine growth restriction (Kadyrov et al). 2006;194:557-63 Elevated maternal levels of long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (Cetin et al). 2006;194:1347-53 Endothelin and platelet-activating factor: significance in the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion-induced fetal growth restriction in the rat (Thaete and Neerhof). 2006;194:1377-83 Low molecular weight heparin vs. no treatment in pregnant women with previous preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction who are heterozygote for factor V Leiden or prothrombin gene G20210A mutation (Parrettielena et al). 2005;193:S2. Retraction 2006;194:1206 Obstetric outcomes in women with elevated maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (Towner et al). 2006;194:1676-82 Preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and intrauterine growth restriction, related or independent conditions? (Villar et al). 2006;194:921-31 (Editors' choice) Fetal heart Surgical management of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (Quintero et al). 2006;194:982-91 Fetal heart rate; see Heart rate, fetal Fetal hydrops; see Hydrops fetalis Fetal membranes Acute and chronic chorioamnionitis and the risk of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission (Chi et al). 2006;194:174-81 Separation of amnion from choriodecidua is an integral event to the rupture of normal term fetal membranes and constitutes a significant component of the work required (Arikat et al). 2006;194:211-7 A short cervix in women with preterm labor and intact membranes: a risk factor for microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (Caughey) (Letter); (Gomez et al) (Reply). 2006;194:901-3 Fetal membranes, premature rupture A low vaginal “pool” amniotic fluid glucose measurement is a predictive but not a sensitive marker for infection in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (Buhimschi et al). 2006;194:309-16 (Editors' choice) The NICHD-MFMU antibiotic treatment of preterm PROM study: impact of initial amniotic fluid volume on pregnancy outcome (Mercer et al). 2006;194:438-45 Risk factors for previable premature rupture of membranes or advanced cervical dilation: a case control study (Kilpatrick et al). 2006;194:1168-75 Salivary proteinase activity: a potential biomarker for preterm premature rupture of the membranes (Menon et al). 2006;194:1609-15 Fetal monitoring The effect of intrapartum fetal pulse oximetry, in the presence of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern, on operative delivery rates: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial (the FOREMOST trial) (East et al). 2006;194:606-16, 606.e1-e16 (Editors' choice) Fetal blood analysis during labor (Saling). 2006;194:896-9 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) New procedures for examining the fetus during labor: introduction, technique, and basics (Saling). 2006;194:895-6 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Fetal organ maturity Betamethasone effects on ovine uterine and umbilical placental perfusion at the dose used to enhance fetal lung maturation (Schwab et al). 2006;194:572-9 Human fetal growth and organ development: 50 years of discoveries (Pardi and Cetin). 2006;194:1088-99 Fetal sonography; see Ultrasonography, prenatal Fetal surgery Maternal-fetal surgery for myelomeningocele: neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age (Johnson et al). 2006;194:1145-52 Maternal morbidity after maternal-fetal surgery (Golombeck et al). 2006;194:834-9 Surgical management of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (Quintero et al). 2006;194:982-91 Fetal viability Pregnancy loss after first-trimester viability in women with sickle cell trait: time for a reappraisal? (Taylor et al). 2006;194:1604-8 Fetofetal transfusion Incidence, origin, and character of cerebral injury in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome treated with fetoscopic laser surgery (Lopriore et al). 2006;194:1215-20 (Editors' choice) Intertwin anastomoses in monochorionic placentas after fetoscopic laser coagulation for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: is there more than meets the eye? (Lewi et al). 2006;194:790-5 Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of 167 children after intrauterine laser treatment for severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome (Graef et al). 2006;194:303-8 (Editors' choice) Prevalence and management of late fetal complications following successful selective laser coagulation of chorionic plate anastomoses in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (Robyr et al). 2006;194:796-803 Surgical management of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (Quintero et al). 2006;194:982-91 Fetoscopy Incidence, origin, and character of cerebral injury in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome treated with fetoscopic laser surgery (Lopriore et al). 2006;194:1215-20 (Editors' choice) Intertwin anastomoses in monochorionic placentas after fetoscopic laser coagulation for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: is there more than meets the eye? (Lewi et al). 2006;194:790-5 Fetus Antepartum vaginal bleeding, fetal exposure to oral pathogens, and risk for preterm birth at <35 weeks of gestation (Boggess et al). 2006;194:954-60 Calcium supplementation during pregnancy and lactation: effects on the mother and the fetus (Thomas and Weisman). 2006;194:937-45 (Review article) Diagnosis of inferior vermian hypoplasia by fetal magnetic resonance imaging: potential pitfalls and neurodevelopmental outcome (Limperopoulos et al). 2006;194:1070-6 (Imaging) Does abortion technique influence the course of perinatal grief in second trimester termination for fetal anomalies? (Kerstring et al) (Letter); (Burgoine and Romm) (Reply). 2006;194:1743-4 Early and late onset fetal microphthalmia (Blazer et al). 2006;194:1354-9 Fetal RhD genotyping by maternal serum analysis: a two-year experience (Roque) (Letter); (Costa et al) (Reply). 2006;194:905-6 Manual rotation of the fetal occiput: predictors of success and delivery (Shaffer et al). 2006;194:e7-e9 (Residents' papers) N-acetyl-cysteine suppresses amniotic fluid and placenta inflammatory cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide in rats (Beloosesky et al). 2006;194:268-73 Fetus, abnormalities Screening for major structural abnormalities at the 11- to 14-week ultrasound scan (Souka et al). 2006;194:393-6 Surgical management of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (Quintero et al). 2006;194:982-91 Fibrinolysis Impaired factor XIIa–dependent activation of fibrinolysis in treated antiphospholipid syndrome gestations developing late-pregnancy complications (Carmona et al). 2006;194:457-65 Fibroblast growth factor 2 Elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor-2 in serum from women with endometriosis (Bourlev et al). 2006;194:755-9 Fibroblasts Necessary to evaluate the possible involvement of endothelin-1 gene polymorphisms in urinary dysfunction? (Choy and Yip) (Letter); (Juillerat-Jeanneret) (Reply). 2006;194:300-2 Fibronectins Selective use of fetal fibronectin detection after cervical length measurement to predict spontaneous preterm delivery in women with preterm labor (Schmitz et al). 2006;194:138-43 First trimester; see Pregnancy trimester, first Fishes Antepartum seafood consumption and mercury levels in newborn cord blood (Sato et al). 2006;194:1683-8 Fluorescence microscopy; see Microscopy, fluorescence Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1; see Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 Serum sFlt1 concentration during preeclampsia and mid trimester blood pressure in healthy nulliparous women (Levine et al). 2006;194:1034-41 Folic acid Correlates of intake of folic acid–containing supplements among pregnant women (Carmichael et al). 2006;194:203-10 Do racial and ethnic differences in serum folate values exist after food fortification with folic acid? (Lawrence et al). 2006;194:520-6 Prevention of NTDs: new strategies are needed (Coll and Palacio) (Letter); (de Jong-van den Berg) (Reply). 2006;194:1740-5 Food, fortified Do racial and ethnic differences in serum folate values exist after food fortification with folic acid? (Lawrence et al). 2006;194:520-6 Food contamination Antepartum seafood consumption and mercury levels in newborn cord blood (Sato et al). 2006;194:1683-8 Food intake; see Eating Forced expiratory volume Spirometry is related to perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with asthma (Schatz et al). 2006;194:120-6 Fracture, spontaneous Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis (Lane). 2006;194:S3-11 Strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis during early postmenopause (Delaney). 2006;194:S12-23 Fragile X syndrome Acceptance of fragile X premutation genetic screening in women with ovarian dysfunction (Pastore et al). 2006;194:738-43

GABA receptor; see Receptors, GABA Gamete intrafallopian transfer A prospective study of the effects of female and male marijuana use on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian tube (GIFT) outcomes (Klonoff-Cohen et al). 2006;194:369-76 Gelatinase A Mifepristone-induced cervical ripening: structural, biomechanical, and molecular events (Clark et al). 2006;194:1391-8 Gene expression An autoregulatory element maintains HOXA10 expression in endometrial epithelial cells (Kelly et al). 2006;194:1100-9 The use of needle biopsy for assessment of placental gene expression (Sadovsky et al). 2006;194:1137-44 Gene expression profiling Identification of interactive gene networks: a novel approach in gene array profiling of myometrial events during guinea pig pregnancy (Mason et al). 2006;194:1513-23 (Editors' choice) Genes First-trimester trophoblast cell model gene response to hypoxia (Koklanaris et al). 2006;194:687-93 Genes, BRACA1 Predictors of occult neoplasia in women undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (Lamb et al). 2006;194:1702-9 Genetic counseling Implementing prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis in routine obstetric practice (Ormond) (Letter); (Fries) (Reply). 2006;194:904-5 Genetic polymorphism; see Polymorphism, genetic Genetic predisposition to disease Congenital heart defects, maternal homocysteine, smoking, and the 677 C>T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydroflate reductase gene: evaluating gene-environment interactions (Hobbs et al). 2006;194:218-24 Familial aggregation of small-for-gestational-age births: the importance of fetal genetic effects (Svensson et al). 2006;194:475-9 Genetic screening Acceptance of fragile X premutation genetic screening in women with ovarian dysfunction (Pastore et al). 2006;194:738-43 Genetic susceptibility; see Genetic predisposition to disease Genital herpes; see Herpes genitalis Genital neoplasms, female The impact of treatment for gynecological cancer on health-related quality of life (HRQoL): a systematic review (Jones et al). 2006;194:26-42 (Review article) Genitourinary tract infection; see Urogenital diseases Genotype Fetal RhD genotyping by maternal serum analysis: a two-year experience (Roque) (Letter); (Costa et al) (Reply). 2006;194:905-6 Gestational age Antepartum vaginal bleeding, fetal exposure to oral pathogens, and risk for preterm birth at <35 weeks of gestation (Boggess et al). 2006;194:954-60 Correlation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level with pregnancy outcome in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (Baker et al). 2006;194:1668-75 Tocolysis in women with preterm labor between 32 0/7 and 34 6/7 weeks of gestation: a randomized controlled pilot study (How et al). 2006;194:976-81 Gestational diabetes; see Diabetes, gestational Gestational diabetes mellitus; see Diabetes, gestational Gestational hypertension; see Hypertension, pregnancy-induced Ghrelin; see Peptide hormones Ginger The efficacy of ginger for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis (Chaiyakunapruk et al). 2006;194:95-9 Glomerulonephritis Circulating angiogenic factors in preeclampsia, gestational proteinuria, and preeclampsia superimposed on chronic glomerulonephritis (Masuyama et al). 2006;194:551-6 Glucose A low vaginal “pool” amniotic fluid glucose measurement is a predictive but not a sensitive marker for infection in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (Buhimschi et al). 2006;194:309-16 (Editors' choice) Glucose tolerance test Characteristics of patients with abnormal glucose challenge test and normal oral glucose tolerance test results: comparison with normal and gestational diabetic patients (Dudhbhai et al). 2006;194:e42-e45 (Residents' papers) Detection of gestational diabetes mellitus by homeostatic indices of insulin sensitivity: a preliminary study (Kauffman et al). 2006;194:1576-84 Glucose challenge test threshold values in screening for gestational diabetes among black women (Friedman et al). 2006;194:e46-e48 (Residents' papers) Women with one elevated 3-hour glucose tolerance test value: are they at risk for adverse perinatal outcomes? (McLaughlin et al). 2006;194:e16-e19 (Residents' papers) Glyceryl trinitrate; see Nitroglycerin Goals Patient-centered surgical outcomes: the impact of goal achievement and urge incontinence on patient satisfaction one year after surgery (Mahajan et al). 2006;194:722-8 Graduate medical education; see Education, medical, graduate Grief Does abortion technique influence the course of perinatal grief in second trimester termination for fetal anomalies? (Kerstring et al) (Letter); (Burgoine and Romm) (Reply). 2006;194:1743-4 Group B streptococcus; see Streptococcus agalactiae Gynecologic cancer; see Genital neoplasms, female Gynecologic surgical procedures Dissection bias in subperitoneal pelvic anatomy (Höckel and Fritsch) (Letter); (Yabuki et al) (Reply). 2006;194:1504-5 Effect of patient age on increasing morbidity and mortality following urogynecologic surgery (Sung et al). 2006;194:1411-7 The incidence of ureteral obstruction and the value of intraoperative cystoscopy during vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (Gustilo-Ashby et al). 2006;194:1478-85 Maternal morbidity after maternal-fetal surgery (Golombeck et al). 2006;194:834-9 Outcomes with porcine graft placement in the anterior vaginal compartment in patients who undergo high vaginal uterosacral suspension and cystocele repair (Wheeler et al). 2006;194:1486-91 Posterior vaginal sling experience in elderly patients yields poor results (Mattox et al). 2006;194:1462-6 Predictors of occult neoplasia in women undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (Lamb et al). 2006;194:1702-9 Responsiveness of the pelvic floor distress inventory (PFDI) and pelvic floor impact questionnaire (PFIQ) in women undergoing vaginal surgery and pessary treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (Barber et al). 2006;194:1492-8 Retrospective cohort study of surgical staging for ovarian low malignant potential tumors (Wingo et al). 2006;194:e20-e22 (Residents' papers) Gynecology The art of discovery (Gibbs). 2006;194:1078-87 (Pres. address) A comprehensive women's health care center: are gynecologists offering primary care? (Lentz et al). 2006;194:1660-7 The influence of physician gender on practice satisfaction among obstetrician gynecologists (Emmons et al). 2006;194:1728-39 The perceived impact of duty hour restrictions on the residency environment: a survey of residency program directors (Nuthalapaty et al). 2006;194:1556-62 (Education) The scope of duty hour–associated residency structure modifications (Nuthalapaty et al). 2006;194:282-8 (Education)

HBcAg; see Hepatitis B core antigens HBsAg; see Hepatitis B surface antigens HBVDNA; see DNA, viral Health personnel The newborn screening educational gap: what prenatal care providers do compared with what is expected (Faulkner et al). 2006;194:131-7 Women's primary care providers and breast cancer screening: who's following the guidelines? (Wallace et al). 2006;194:744-8 Health planning guidelines American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists practice bulletins: an overview (Chauhan et al). 2006;194:1564-75 Health resources Randomized trial of medical treatment versus hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding: resource use in the Medicine or Surgery (Ms) trial (Showstack et al). 2006;194:332-8 Heart Use of resveratrol to improve the effectiveness of cisplatin and doxorubicin: study in human gynecologic cancer cell lines and in rodent heart (Rezk et al). 2006;194:e23-e26 (Residents' papers) Heart defects, congenital Congenital heart defects, maternal homocysteine, smoking, and the 677 C>T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydroflate reductase gene: evaluating gene-environment interactions (Hobbs et al). 2006;194:218-24 Heart rate Understanding the effects of SERMs on cardiovascular disease (Wild). 2006;194:1211-2 (Editorial) Heart rate, fetal The effect of intrapartum fetal pulse oximetry, in the presence of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern, on operative delivery rates: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial (the FOREMOST trial) (East et al). 2006;194:606-16, 606.e1-e16 (Editors' choice) Hematuria Microscopic hematuria as a predictive factor for detecting bladder cancer at cystoscopy in women with irritative voiding symptoms (Wu et al). 2006;194:1423-6 Hemodynamic processes Fetal oxygenation and Doppler ultrasonography of cardiovascular hemodynamics in a chronic near-term sheep model (Mäkikallio et al). 2006;194:542-50 Hemoglobins The hemoglobin, oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentrations in the umbilical blood of sheep and goats as sampled via indwelling plastic catheters (Meschia et al). 2006;194:1196-7 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Hemorrhage Antepartum vaginal bleeding, fetal exposure to oral pathogens, and risk for preterm birth at <35 weeks of gestation (Boggess et al). 2006;194:954-60 Hemostasis A trial that compares Monsel's paste with ball electrode for hemostasis after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (Lipscomb et al). 2006;194:1591-5 Hepacivirus Nevirapine toxicity in a cohort on HIV-1–infected pregnant women (João et al). 2006;194:199-202 Heparin Low molecular weight heparin vs. no treatment in pregnant women with previous preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction who are heterozygote for factor V Leiden or prothrombin gene G20210A mutation (Parrettielena et al). 2005;193:S2. Retraction 2006;194:1206 Hepatitis B, chronic Presence of HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBVDNA in ovary and ovum of the patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (Ye et al). 2006;194:387-92 Hepatitis B core antigens Presence of HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBVDNA in ovary and ovum of the patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (Ye et al). 2006;194:387-92 Hepatitis B surface antigens Presence of HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBVDNA in ovary and ovum of the patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (Ye et al). 2006;194:387-92 Hepatitis C virus; see Hepacivirus Hernia Vaginal evisceration (Khunda and Jones) (Letter); (Nasr and Aziz) (Reply). 2006;194:1744-5 Herpes genitalis Valacyclovir therapy to reduce recurrent genital herpes in pregnant women (Andrews et al). 2006;194:774-81 Herpes simplex Maternal herpes simplex virus antibody avidity and risk of neonatal herpes (Brown et al). 2006;194:1516-21 (Editors' choice); (Lindsay). 2006;194:1510-12 (Editorial) Herpes simplex virus; see Simplexvirus Heterozygote Low molecular weight heparin vs. no treatment in pregnant women with previous preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction who are heterozygote for factor V Leiden or prothrombin gene G20210A mutation (Parrettielena et al). 2005;193:S2. Retraction 2006;194:1206 Histopathology Are the site, diameter, and number of endometrial polyps related with symptomatology? (Hassa et al). 2006;194:718-21 History Myth of the ideal cesarean section rate: commentary and historic perspective (Cyr). 2006;194:932-6 (Clin. opinion) HIV-1 Acute and chronic chorioamnionitis and the risk of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission (Chi et al). 2006;194:174-81 Nevirapine toxicity in a cohort on HIV-1–infected pregnant women (João et al). 2006;194:199-202 HIV infections Prenatal diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: a new screening program for chromosomal anomalies (Coll et al). 2006;194:192-8 Homeostasis Detection of gestational diabetes mellitus by homeostatic indices of insulin sensitivity: a preliminary study (Kauffman et al). 2006;194:1576-84 Homocysteine Congenital heart defects, maternal homocysteine, smoking, and the 677 C>T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydroflate reductase gene: evaluating gene-environment interactions (Hobbs et al). 2006;194:218-24 Hormone replacement therapy Incidence of malignancy in hormone therapy users with indeterminate calcifications on mammogram (Lochner and Brubaker). 2006;194:82-5 Predictors of worsening insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women (Goodrow et al). 2006;194:355-61 Hospital discharge; see Patient discharge Hospital mortality Not in my hospital: identifying and reducing unnecessary hospital deaths presidential address: Pacific Coast Obstetrical and Gynecological Society (Millard). 2006;194:1633-7 (Pres. address) HOXA10 protein An autoregulatory element maintains HOXA10 expression in endometrial epithelial cells (Kelly et al). 2006;194:1100-9 HSP70 heat-shock proteins Extracellular 70-kd heat shock protein in mid-trimester amniotic fluid and its effect on cytokine production by ex vivo–cultured amniotic fluid cells (Jean-Pierre et al). 2006;194:694-8 Human chorionic gonadotrophin; see Chorionic gonadotropin Human immunodeficiency virus-1; see HIV-1 Hydrocortisone Neonatal adrenal function after repeat dose prenatal corticosteroids: a randomized controlled trial (Ashwood et al). 2006;194:861-7 Hydrogen ion concentration The hemoglobin, oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentrations in the umbilical blood of sheep and goats as sampled via indwelling plastic catheters (Meschia et al). 2006;194:1196-7 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Hydronephrosis Diagnostic accuracy of fetal renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter as a predictor of significant postnatal nephrouropathy: second versus third trimester of pregnancy (Gramellini et al). 2006;194:167-73 Hydrops fetalis Hypoalbuminemia: a cause of fetal hydrops? (Pasman et al). 2006;194:972-5 Hydrosalpinx; see Fallopian tube diseases Hyperglycemia Dietary vitamin and lipid therapy rescues aberrant signaling and apoptosis and prevents hyperglycemia-induced diabetic embryopathy in rats (Reece et al). 2006;194:580-5 Hyperinsulinism Lipids in polycystic ovary syndrome: role of hyperinsulinemia and effects of metformin (Banaszewska et al). 2006;194:1266-72 Hypertension, pregnancy-induced Maternal vasculopathy and histologic diagnosis of preeclampsia: poor correlation of histologic changes and clinical manifestation (Zhang et al). 2006;194:1050-6 Preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and intrauterine growth restriction, related or independent conditions? (Villar et al). 2006;194:921-31 (Editors' choice) Recurrence of hypertensive disorder in second pregnancy (Hjartardottir et al). 2006;194:916-20 (Editors' choice) Hyperuricemia Uric acid concentrations in early pregnancy among preeclamptic women with gestational hyperuricemia at delivery (Powers et al). 2006;194:160-6, 160.e1-e8 Hypoalbuminemia Hypoalbuminemia: a cause of fetal hydrops? (Pasman et al). 2006;194:972-5 Hypoplasia Diagnosis of inferior vermian hypoplasia by fetal magnetic resonance imaging: potential pitfalls and neurodevelopmental outcome (Limperopoulos et al). 2006;194:1070-6 (Imaging) Hypotension Cerebral hemodynamics during the induction of antenatal periventricular leukomalacia by hemorrhagic hypotension in chronically instrumented fetal sheep (Matsuda et al). 2006;194:1057-63 Hypothyroidism Are women who are treated for hypothyroidism at risk for pregnancy complications? (Tan et al). 2006;194:e1-e3 (Residents' papers) Hysterectomy Mesh erosion in abdominal sacral colpopexy with and without concomitant hysterectomy (Wu et al). 2006;194:1418-22 A prospective study of 3 years of outcomes after hysterectomy with and without oophorectomy (Farquhar et al). 2006;194:711-7 Randomized trial of medical treatment versus hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding: resource use in the Medicine or Surgery (Ms) trial (Showstack et al). 2006;194:332-8 The risk of hydrosalpinx formation and adnexectomy following tubal ligation and subsequent hysterectomy: a historical cohort study (Morse et al). 2006;194:1273-6 Usefulness of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy in patients who undergo radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer (Frumovitz et al). 2006;194:1186-95 Vaginal evisceration (Khunda and Jones) (Letter); (Nasr and Aziz) (Reply). 2006;194:1744-5 Hysterectomy, vaginal Value of laparoscopic assistance for vaginal hysterectomy with prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy (Agostini et al). 2006;194:351-4

Imaging, three-dimensional External anal sphincter volume measurements using 3-dimensional endoanal ultrasound (Gregory et al). 2006;194:1243-8 (Imaging) Three-dimensional power Doppler (3DPD) ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of fetal vascular anomalies (Sciaky-Tamir et al). 2006;194:274-81 (Imaging) Imiquimod; see Aminoquinolines Immunohistochemistry Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence and location of the neurotrophin–Trk receptor family in adult human preovulatory ovarian follicles (Seifer et al). 2006;194:1129-36 Incidence Incidence of malignancy in hormone therapy users with indeterminate calcifications on mammogram (Lochner and Brubaker). 2006;194:82-5 Peripartum myocardial ischemia: a review of Canadian deliveries from 1970 to 1998 (Macarthur et al). 2006;194:1027-33 Incompetent cervix; see Uterine cervical incompetence Infant, low birth weight Plurality-dependent risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage among very low birth weight infants and antepartum corticosteroid treatment (Blickstein et al). 2006;194:1329-33. (Spellacy) (Letter); (Blickstein) (Reply). 2006;194:302 Infant, newborn Antepartum seafood consumption and mercury levels in newborn cord blood (Sato et al). 2006;194:1683-8 Emergent (crash) cesarean delivery: indications and outcomes (Lagrew et al). 2006;194:1638-43 Gestational diabetes: what's the problem? (Greenberg) (Letter); (Langer et al) (Reply). 2006;194:299-300 Neonatal adrenal function after repeat dose prenatal corticosteroids: a randomized controlled trial (Ashwood et al). 2006;194:861-7 Infant, newborn, diseases Neonatal Escherichia coli sepsis: possible effects of gender, type of surfactant, or time to initiation of antibiotics? (Molloy and O'Neill) (Letter); (Mayor-Lynn et al) (Reply). 2006;194:1201-2 Peripartum myocardial ischemia: a review of Canadian deliveries from 1970 to 1998 (Macarthur et al). 2006;194:1027-33 Infant, premature Spirometry is related to perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with asthma (Schatz et al). 2006;194:120-6 Infant, small for gestational age Familial aggregation of small-for-gestational-age births: the importance of fetal genetic effects (Svensson et al). 2006;194:475-9 Maternal periodontal disease in early pregnancy and risk for a small-for-gestational-age infant (Boggess et al). 2006;194:1316-22 Infant mortality Comparative study of perinatal outcome of dichorionic and trichorionic iatrogenic triplets (Bajoria et al). 2006;194:415-24 Infant outcome; see Pregnancy outcome Infection Interconceptional antibiotics to prevent spontaneous preterm birth: a randomized clinical trial (Andrews et al). 2006;194:617-23 (Editors' choice) A low vaginal “pool” amniotic fluid glucose measurement is a predictive but not a sensitive marker for infection in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (Buhimschi et al). 2006;194:309-16 (Editors' choice) Preconceptional antibiotic treatment to prevent preterm birth in women with a previous preterm delivery (Espinoza et al). 2006;194:630-7 (Review article) Readily treatable reproductive tract infections and preterm birth among black women (French et al). 2006;194:1717-27 A short cervix in women with preterm labor and intact membranes: a risk factor for microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (Caughey) (Letter); (Gomez et al) (Reply). 2006;194:901-3 Inflammation Cytomegalovirus infection of trophoblast cells elicits an inflammatory response: a possible mechanism of placental dysfunction (Chou et al). 2006;194:535-41 N-acetyl-cysteine suppresses amniotic fluid and placenta inflammatory cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide in rats (Beloosesky et al). 2006;194:268-73 Inflammatory response syndrome; see Sepsis syndrome Influenza vaccines Safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy (Pool and Iskander) (Letter); (Munoz and Glezen) (Reply). 2006;194:1200-1 Insulin Detection of gestational diabetes mellitus by homeostatic indices of insulin sensitivity: a preliminary study (Kauffman et al). 2006;194:1576-84 Insulin receptor substrate-1; see Phosphoproteins Insulin resistance Detection of gestational diabetes mellitus by homeostatic indices of insulin sensitivity: a preliminary study (Kauffman et al). 2006;194:1576-84 Insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome and the measurements of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and ghrelin (Chu et al). 2006;194:100-4 Predictors of worsening insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women (Goodrow et al). 2006;194:355-61 Intensive care units Utility of acute physiology, age, and chronic health evaluation (APACHE III) score in maternal admissions to the intensive care unit (Stevens et al). 2006;194:e13-e15 (Residents' papers) Interleukin-1 Signaling via the type I Il-1 and TNF receptors is necessary for bacterially induced preterm labor in a murine model (Hirsch et al). 2006;194:1334-40 Interleukin-6 Acute and chronic chorioamnionitis and the risk of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission (Chi et al). 2006;194:174-81 Multilocous interactions at maternal tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor necrosis factor receptors, interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor genes predict spontaneous preterm labor in European-American women (Menon et al). 2006;194:1616-24 Interleukin-6 receptors; see Receptors, interleukin-6 Interleukin-8 Evaluation of effectiveness of prophylactic cerclage of a short cervix according to interleukin-8 in cervical mucus (Sakai et al). 2006;194:14-9 (Editors' choice) Internal medicine A comprehensive women's health care center: are gynecologists offering primary care? (Lentz et al). 2006;194:1660-7 Internet To the point: reviews in medical education online computer assisted instruction materials (Hammoud et al). 2006;194:1064-9 (Education) Internship and residency The perceived impact of duty hour restrictions on the residency environment: a survey of residency program directors (Nuthalapaty et al). 2006;194:1556-62 (Education) The scope of duty hour–associated residency structure modifications (Nuthalapaty et al). 2006;194:282-8 (Education) Intracranial hemorrhages Plurality-dependent risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage among very low birth weight infants and antepartum corticosteroid treatment (Blickstein et al). 2006;194:1329-33. (Spellacy) (Letter); (Blickstein) (Reply). 2006;194:302 Intraepithelial neoplasms; see Carcinoma in situ Intrauterine growth restriction; see Fetal growth retardation Intrauterine laser treatment; see Laser coagulation Intravaginal administration; see Administration, intravaginal Invasiveness, neoplasm; see Neoplasm invasiveness In vitro fertilization; see Fertilization in vitro Iron The effects of prophylactic iron given in prenatal supplements on iron status and birth outcomes: a randomized controlled trial (Siega-Riz et al). 2006;194:512-9 Iron deficiency anemia; see Anemia, iron-deficiency Ischemia Endothelin and platelet-activating factor: significance in the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion-induced fetal growth restriction in the rat (Thaete and Neerhof). 2006;194:1377-83 Isoniazid Tuberculosis prevention for non–US-born pregnant women (Sackoff et al). 2006;194:451-6 Isosorbide mononitrate The “PRIM” study: a randomized comparison of prostaglandin E 2 gel with nitric oxide donor isosorbide mononitrate for cervical ripening before the induction of labor at term (Osman et al). 2006;194:1012-21 IVF; see Fertilization in vitro

Job satisfaction The influence of physician gender on practice satisfaction among obstetrician gynecologists (Emmons et al). 2006;194:1728-39

Kallikreins Overexpression of kallikrein 10 (hK10) in uterine serous papillary carcinomas (Santin et al). 2006;194:1296-302 Kidney Uric acid concentrations in early pregnancy among preeclamptic women with gestational hyperuricemia at delivery (Powers et al). 2006;194:160-6, 160.e1-e8 Kidney pelvis Diagnostic accuracy of fetal renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter as a predictor of significant postnatal nephrouropathy: second versus third trimester of pregnancy (Gramellini et al). 2006;194:167-73

Labor Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia in labor: does it increase the risk of cesarean section? A randomized trial (Ohel et al). 2006;194:600-5 (Editors' choice) Fetal blood analysis during labor (Saling). 2006;194:896-9 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) New procedures for examining the fetus during labor: introduction, technique, and basics (Saling). 2006;194:895-6 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Timing of conduction of analgesia in labor (Nageotte). 2006;194:598-9 (Editorial) Labor, induced Cost-effectiveness of dilation and evacuation versus the induction of labor for second-trimester pregnancy termination (Cowett et al). 2006;194:768-73 Does abortion technique influence the course of perinatal grief in second trimester termination for fetal anomalies? (Kerstring et al) (Letter); (Burgoine and Romm) (Reply). 2006;194:1743-4 Intravaginal glyceryl trinitrate and dinoprostone for cervical ripening and induction of labor (Nunes et al). 2006;194:1022-6 The “PRIM” study: a randomized comparison of prostaglandin E 2 gel with nitric oxide donor isosorbide mononitrate for cervical ripening before the induction of labor at term (Osman et al). 2006;194:1012-21 Labor, obstetric Separation of amnion from choriodecidua is an integral event to the rupture of normal term fetal membranes and constitutes a significant component of the work required (Arikat et al). 2006;194:211-7 Labor, premature Electrical inhibition of preterm birth: inhibition of uterine contractility in the rabbit and pup births in the rat (Karsdon et al). 2005;193:1986-93. Correction 2006;194:595 Evaluation of effectiveness of prophylactic cerclage of a short cervix according to interleukin-8 in cervical mucus (Sakai et al). 2006;194:14-9 (Editors' choice) Fetal thymic involution: a sonographic marker of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (Di Naro et al). 2006;194:153-9 Multilocous interactions at maternal tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor necrosis factor receptors, interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor genes predict spontaneous preterm labor in European-American women (Menon et al). 2006;194:1616-24 The role of cervical cerclage in obstetric practice: can the patient who could benefit from this procedure be identified? (Romero et al). 2006;194:1-9 (Editorial) Selective use of fetal fibronectin detection after cervical length measurement to predict spontaneous preterm delivery in women with preterm labor (Schmitz et al). 2006;194:138-43 A short cervix in women with preterm labor and intact membranes: a risk factor for microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (Caughey) (Letter); (Gomez et al) (Reply). 2006;194:901-3 Tocolysis in women with preterm labor between 32 0/7 and 34 6/7 weeks of gestation: a randomized controlled pilot study (How et al). 2006;194:976-81 Labor complications Anal sphincter defects and bowel symptoms in women with and without recognized anal sphincter trauma (Nichols et al). 2006;194:1450-4 Significance of accidental extensions in the lower uterine segment during cesarean delivery (de la Torre et al). 2006;194:e4-e6 (Residents' papers) Women's health 18 years after rupture of the anal sphincter during childbirth: I. fecal incontinence (Faltin et al). 2006;194:1255-9 Women's health 18 years after rupture of the anal sphincter during childbirth: II. urinary incontinence, sexual function, and physical and mental health (Otero et al). 2006;194:1260-5 Labor presentation Face presentation: predictors and delivery route (Shaffer et al). 2006;194:e10-e12 (Residents' papers) Manual rotation of the fetal occiput: predictors of success and delivery (Shaffer et al). 2006;194:e7-e9 (Residents' papers) Labor stage, second A randomized trial of coached versus uncoached maternal pushing during the second stage of labor (Bloom et al). 2006;194:10-3 (Editors' choice) Lactation Calcium supplementation during pregnancy and lactation: effects on the mother and the fetus (Thomas and Weisman). 2006;194:937-45 (Review article) Lactobacillus The effects of intravaginal clindamycin and metronidazole therapy on vaginal lactobacilli in patients with bacterial vaginosis (Nyirjesy et al). 2006;194:1277-82 Laminaria Cervical preparation using laminaria with adjunctive buccal misoprostol before second-trimester dilation and evacuation procedures: a randomized clinical trial (Edelman et al). 2006;194:425-30 Laparoscopy Outpatient laparoscopy for abdominal and pelvic pain in the United States 1994 through 1996 (Tu and Beaumont). 2006;194:699-703 Value of laparoscopic assistance for vaginal hysterectomy with prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy (Agostini et al). 2006;194:351-4 Laser coagulation Intertwin anastomoses in monochorionic placentas after fetoscopic laser coagulation for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: is there more than meets the eye? (Lewi et al). 2006;194:790-5 Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of 167 children after intrauterine laser treatment for severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome (Graef et al). 2006;194:303-8 (Editors' choice) Pregnancy and infant outcome of 80 consecutive cord coagulations in complicated monochorionic multiple pregnancies (Lewi et al). 2006;194:782-9 Prevalence and management of late fetal complications following successful selective laser coagulation of chorionic plate anastomoses in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (Robyr et al). 2006;194:796-803 Laser surgery Incidence, origin, and character of cerebral injury in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome treated with fetoscopic laser surgery (Lopriore et al). 2006;194:1215-20 (Editors' choice) Neurodevelopmental outcome after laser therapy for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (Moise). 2006;194:1208-10 (Editorial) Learning Learning enhancement with neuropeptides (Toso et al). 2006;194:1153-9 Learning disorders Prevention of alcohol-induced learning deficits in fetal alcohol syndrome mediated through NMDA and GABA receptors (Toso et al). 2006;194:681-6 Leptin Insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome and the measurements of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and ghrelin (Chu et al). 2006;194:100-4 The known and unknown leptin in pregnancy (Hauguel-de Mouzon et al). 2006;194:1537-45 (Review article) Letters to the editors The benefit of combined maternal administration of magnesium sulfate and aminophylline (Hays et al) (Letter); (Di Renzo et al) (Reply). 2006;194:592-4 Benign gynecologic conditions in tamoxifen-treated patients (Cohen) (Letter); (Chalas et al) (Reply). 2006;194:1204-5 Comparing McRoberts' and Rubin's maneuvers for initial management and shoulder dystocia: an objective evaluation (Escamilla) (Letter); (Gurewitsch and Allen) (Reply). 2006;194:591-2 Cyclooxygenase-2, angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, P-glycoprotein in advanced ovarian serous carcinoma (Raspollini et al) (Letter); (Munkarah and Ali-Fehmi) (Reply). 2006;194:1203-4 Dissection bias in subperitoneal pelvic anatomy (Höckel and Fritsch) (Letter); (Yabuki et al) (Reply). 2006;194:1504-5 Does abortion technique influence the course of perinatal grief in second trimester termination for fetal anomalies? (Kerstring et al) (Letter); (Burgoine and Romm) (Reply). 2006;194:1743-4 Fetal RhD genotyping by maternal serum analysis: a two-year experience (Roque) (Letter); (Costa et al) (Reply). 2006;194:905-6 Gestational diabetes: what's the problem? (Greenberg) (Letter); (Langer et al) (Reply). 2006;194:299-300 Implementing prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis in routine obstetric practice (Ormond) (Letter); (Fries) (Reply). 2006;194:904-5 Keepsake ultrasounds: more than just another pretty face (Nielsen) (Letter); (Chervenak and McCullough) (Reply). 2006;194:1501-2 Necessary to evaluate the possible involvement of endothelin-1 gene polymorphisms in urinary dysfunction? (Choy and Yip) (Letter); (Juillerat-Jeanneret) (Reply). 2006;194:300-2 Neonatal Escherichia coli sepsis: possible effects of gender, type of surfactant, or time to initiation of antibiotics? (Molloy and O'Neill) (Letter); (Mayor-Lynn et al) (Reply). 2006;194:1201-2 Neuroprophylaxis with aminophylline and magnesium sulfate? (Mittendorf and Pyrde) (Letter); (Di Renzo et al) (Reply). 2006;194:593-4 Plurality-dependent risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage among very low birth weight infants and antepartum corticosteroid treatment (Blickstein et al). 2006;194:1329-33. (Spellacy) (Letter); (Blickstein) (Reply). 2006;194:302 Prevention of NTDs: new strategies are needed (Coll and Palacio) (Letter); (de Jong-van den Berg) (Reply). 2006;194:1740-1 Prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section (Ledger) (Letter); (Morrison) (Reply). 2006;194:1500 Risk factors for congenital toxoplasmosis are not always obvious (Lago) (Letter); (Boyer et al) (Reply). 2006;194:907-8 Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in mothers of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis: implications for prenatal management and screening (Levine) (Letter); (McLeod et al) (Reply). 2006;194:589-90 Safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy (Pool and Iskander) (Letter); (Munoz and Glezen) (Reply). 2006;194:1200-1 Sex hormone-binding globulin – a surrogate marker for the prothrombic effects of combined oral contraceptives (van Rooijen et al) (Letter); (Garite) (Reply). 2006;194:1499-1500 A short cervix in women with preterm labor and intact membranes: a risk factor for microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (Caughey) (Letter); (Gomez et al) (Reply). 2006;194:901-3 Thrombophilia and pregnancy loss—picking up a needle from the haystack! (Ghosh et al) (Letter); (Gonen) (Reply). 2006;194:900-1 Timing of prophylactic antibiotic administration in the uninfected laboring gravida: a randomized clinical trial (Dietz et al) (Letter); (Morrison) (Reply). 2006;194:1741-3 Unsuccessful attempt to demonstrate progesterone's bone formation actions (Prior et al) (Letter); (Liu) (Reply). 2006;194:1502-3 Vaginal evisceration (Khunda and Jones) (Letter); (Nasr and Aziz) (Reply). 2006;194:1744-5 Leukomalacia, periventricular Cerebral hemodynamics during the induction of antenatal periventricular leukomalacia by hemorrhagic hypotension in chronically instrumented fetal sheep (Matsuda et al). 2006;194:1057-63 Levator ani Levator plate angle in women with pelvic organ prolapse compared to women with normal support using dynamic MR imaging (Hsu et al). 2006;194:1427-33 Magnetic resonance imaging of the levator ani in the squirrel monkey: a comparison of muscle volume between a cohort with pelvic organ prolapse and matched normals (Kramer et al). 2006;194:1467-71 Levator ani muscle; see Muscle, skeletal Liability, legal A multifacited approach to improve patient safety, prevent medical errors and resolve the professional liability crisis (Weinstein). 2006;194:1160-7 Lipids Effects of menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive use on serum levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants (Palan et al). 2006;194:e35-e38 (Residents' papers) Lipids in polycystic ovary syndrome: role of hyperinsulinemia and effects of metformin (Banaszewska et al). 2006;194:1266-72 Lipopolysaccharides N-acetyl-cysteine suppresses amniotic fluid and placenta inflammatory cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide in rats (Beloosesky et al). 2006;194:268-73 Live birth Estimation of pregnancy-related mortality risk by pregnancy outcome, United States, 1991 to 1999 (Grimes). 2006;194:92-4 Low birth weight infant; see Infant, low birth weight Lung Betamethasone effects on ovine uterine and umbilical placental perfusion at the dose used to enhance fetal lung maturation (Schwab et al). 2006;194:572-9 Lymphadenectomy; see Lymph node excision Lymph node excision Usefulness of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy in patients who undergo radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer (Frumovitz et al). 2006;194:1186-95 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an emerging obstetric pathogen? (Jamieson et al). 2006;194:1532-6 (Clin. opinion) Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an emerging obstetric pathogen? (Jamieson et al). 2006;194:1532-6 (Clin. opinion)

Magnesium sulfate The benefit of combined maternal administration of magnesium sulfate and aminophylline (Hays et al) (Letter); (Di Renzo et al) (Reply). 2006;194:592-4 Does magnesium sulfate reduce the short- and long-term requirements for pain relief after caesarean delivery? A double-blind placebo-controlled trial (Paech et al). 2006;194:1596-1603 Effect of magnesium sulfate on contractile force and intracellular calcium concentration in pregnant human myometrium (Fomin et al). 2006;194:1384-90 Neuroprophylaxis with aminophylline and magnesium sulfate? (Mittendorf and Pyrde) (Letter); (Di Renzo et al) (Reply). 2006;194:593-4 Tocolysis in women with preterm labor between 32 0/7 and 34 6/7 weeks of gestation: a randomized controlled pilot study (How et al). 2006;194:976-81 Magnetic resonance imaging Diagnosis of inferior vermian hypoplasia by fetal magnetic resonance imaging: potential pitfalls and neurodevelopmental outcome (Limperopoulos et al). 2006;194:1070-6 (Imaging) Levator plate angle in women with pelvic organ prolapse compared to women with normal support using dynamic MR imaging (Hsu et al). 2006;194:1427-33 Magnetic resonance–based serial pelvimetry: do maternal pelvic dimensions change during pregnancy? (Huerta-Enochian et al). 2006;194:1689-95 Magnetic resonance imaging of the levator ani in the squirrel monkey: a comparison of muscle volume between a cohort with pelvic organ prolapse and matched normals (Kramer et al). 2006;194:1467-71 Pelvic magnetic resonance venography reveals high rate of pelvic vein thrombosis after cesarean section (Rodger et al). 2006;194:436-7 Malignant mixed mullerian tumor; see Mixed tumor, mullerian Mammography Incidence of malignancy in hormone therapy users with indeterminate calcifications on mammogram (Lochner and Brubaker). 2006;194:82-5 Marijuana smoking A prospective study of the effects of female and male marijuana use on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian tube (GIFT) outcomes (Klonoff-Cohen et al). 2006;194:369-76 Mass screening Clinical use of first-trimester aneuploidy screening in a United States population can replicate data from clinical trials (Perni et al). 2006;194:127-30 Prenatal diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: a new screening program for chromosomal anomalies (Coll et al). 2006;194:192-8 Women's primary care providers and breast cancer screening: who's following the guidelines? (Wallace et al). 2006;194:744-8 Mass spectrometry; see Spectrum analysis, mass Mast cells Structural and functional comparison of mast cells in the pregnant versus nonpregnant human uterus (Garfield et al). 2006;194:261-7 Maternal age Higher rate of stillbirth at the extremes of reproductive age: a large nationwide sample of deliveries in the United States (Bateman and Simpson). 2006;194:840-5 Maternal mortality Estimation of pregnancy-related mortality risk by pregnancy outcome, United States, 1991 to 1999 (Grimes). 2006;194:92-4 Maternal morbidity after maternal-fetal surgery (Golombeck et al). 2006;194:834-9 Maternal welfare Trends in weight gain during pregnancy: a population study across 16 years in North Carolina (Helms et al). 2006;194:e32-e34 (Residents' papers) Matrix metalloproteinase 2; see Gelatinase A Matrix metalloproteinases Salivary proteinase activity: a potential biomarker for preterm premature rupture of the membranes (Menon et al). 2006;194:1609-15 Medical education; see Education, medical Medical errors Improving Papanicolaou test quality and reducing medical errors by using Toyota production system methods (Raab et al). 2006;194:57-64 A multifacited approach to improve patient safety, prevent medical errors and resolve the professional liability crisis (Weinstein). 2006;194:1160-7 Medical records Accuracy of obstetric diagnoses and procedures in hospital discharge data (Yasmeen et al). 2006;194:992-1001 Medical staff, hospital A new obstetric forceps for the training of junior doctors: a comparison of the spatial dispersion of forceps blade trajectories between junior and senior obstetricians (Dupuis et al). 2006;194:1524-31 (Editors' choice) Meningomyelocele Maternal-fetal surgery for myelomeningocele: neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age (Johnson et al). 2006;194:1145-52 Menopause Incidence of malignancy in hormone therapy users with indeterminate calcifications on mammogram (Lochner and Brubaker). 2006;194:82-5 Menstrual cycle Effects of menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive use on serum levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants (Palan et al). 2006;194:e35-e38 (Residents' papers) Mental health Women's health 18 years after rupture of the anal sphincter during childbirth: II. urinary incontinence, sexual function, and physical and mental health (Otero et al). 2006;194:1260-5 Mercury Antepartum seafood consumption and mercury levels in newborn cord blood (Sato et al). 2006;194:1683-8 Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation Placental mesenchymal stem cells as potential autologous graft for pre- and perinatal neuroregeneration (Portmann-Lanz et al). 2006;194:664-73 Meta-analysis The efficacy of ginger for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis (Chaiyakunapruk et al). 2006;194:95-9 Exercise and bone mineral density at the femoral neck in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials with individual patient data (Kelley and Kelley). 2006;194:760-7 Metabolic syndrome X Insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome and the measurements of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and ghrelin (Chu et al). 2006;194:100-4 Metformin Lipids in polycystic ovary syndrome: role of hyperinsulinemia and effects of metformin (Banaszewska et al). 2006;194:1266-72 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Congenital heart defects, maternal homocysteine, smoking, and the 677 C>T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydroflate reductase gene: evaluating gene-environment interactions (Hobbs et al). 2006;194:218-24 Metronidazole The effects of intravaginal clindamycin and metronidazole therapy on vaginal lactobacilli in patients with bacterial vaginosis (Nyirjesy et al). 2006;194:1277-82 Suppressive antibacterial therapy with 0.75% metronidazole vaginal gel to prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis (Sobel et al). 2006;194:1283-9 Microarray analysis Identification of interactive gene networks: a novel approach in gene array profiling of myometrial events during guinea pig pregnancy (Mason et al). 2006;194:1513-23 (Editors' choice) Microbial invasion; see Infection Microphthalmos Early and late onset fetal microphthalmia (Blazer et al). 2006;194:1354-9 Microscopy, confocal Detection of morphological changes of the ovine cervix in response to sex steroids using a fluorescence confocal endomicroscope (Bott et al). 2006;194:105-12 Microscopy, fluorescence Detection of morphological changes of the ovine cervix in response to sex steroids using a fluorescence confocal endomicroscope (Bott et al). 2006;194:105-12 Middle age Risk factors for urinary incontinence among middle-aged women (Danforth et al). 2006;194:339-45 Mifepristone Mifepristone-induced cervical ripening: structural, biomechanical, and molecular events (Clark et al). 2006;194:1391-8 Misoprostol Cervical preparation using laminaria with adjunctive buccal misoprostol before second-trimester dilation and evacuation procedures: a randomized clinical trial (Edelman et al). 2006;194:425-30 Mixed tumor, mullerian Biologic targets for therapeutic intervention in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma and malignant mixed müllerian tumors (Rice et al). 2006;194:1119-28 Models, animal Failure of decidual arteriolar remodeling in the CBA/J × DBA/2 murine model of recurrent pregnancy loss is linked to increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) (Dixon et al). 2006;194:113-9 Signaling via the type I Il-1 and TNF receptors is necessary for bacterially induced preterm labor in a murine model (Hirsch et al). 2006;194:1334-40 Monsel's paste; see Ferric subsulfate Morbidity Five years to the term breech trial: the rise and fall of a randomized controlled trial (Glezerman). 2006;194:20-5 (Clin. opinion) Gestational diabetes: what's the problem? (Greenberg) (Letter); (Langer et al) (Reply). 2006;194:299-300 Maternal morbidity after maternal-fetal surgery (Golombeck et al). 2006;194:834-9 Prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section (Ledger) (Letter); (Morrison) (Reply). 2006;194:1500 Morning sickness Acupressure for the in-patient treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized control trial (Heazell et al). 2006;194:815-20 Mortality Five years to the term breech trial: the rise and fall of a randomized controlled trial (Glezerman). 2006;194:20-5 (Clin. opinion) Mouse Failure of decidual arteriolar remodeling in the CBA/J × DBA/2 murine model of recurrent pregnancy loss is linked to increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) (Dixon et al). 2006;194:113-9 Signaling via the type I Il-1 and TNF receptors is necessary for bacterially induced preterm labor in a murine model (Hirsch et al). 2006;194:1334-40 mRNA; see RNA, messenger Multicenter studies What determines a successful tension-free vaginal tape? A prospective multicenter cohort study: results from The Netherlands TVT database (Schraffordt Koops et al). 2006;194:65-74 Multiple pregnancy; see Pregnancy, multiple Muscle, skeletal Recurrent stress incontinence is associated with decreased neuromuscular function in the striated urethral sphincter (Kenton et al). 2006;194:1434-7 Skeletal muscle heavy-chain polypeptide 3 and myosin binding protein H in the pubococcygeus muscle in patients with and without pelvic organ prolapse (Hundley et al). 2006;194:1404-10 Muscle, smooth, vascular Adaptation to pregnancy leads to attenuated rat uterine artery smooth muscle sensitivity to oxytocin (Vedernikov et al). 2006;194:252-60 Muscle contraction Effect of magnesium sulfate on contractile force and intracellular calcium concentration in pregnant human myometrium (Fomin et al). 2006;194:1384-90 Mutation Acceptance of fragile X premutation genetic screening in women with ovarian dysfunction (Pastore et al). 2006;194:738-43 Low molecular weight heparin vs. no treatment in pregnant women with previous preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction who are heterozygote for factor V Leiden or prothrombin gene G20210A mutation (Parrettielena et al). 2005;193:S2. Retraction 2006;194:1206 Predictors of occult neoplasia in women undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (Lamb et al). 2006;194:1702-9 Myelomeningocele; see Meningomyelocele Myocardial ischemia Peripartum myocardial ischemia: a review of Canadian deliveries from 1970 to 1998 (Macarthur et al). 2006;194:1027-33 Myometrium Effect of magnesium sulfate on contractile force and intracellular calcium concentration in pregnant human myometrium (Fomin et al). 2006;194:1384-90 Identification of interactive gene networks: a novel approach in gene array profiling of myometrial events during guinea pig pregnancy (Mason et al). 2006;194:1513-23 (Editors' choice) Structural and functional comparison of mast cells in the pregnant versus nonpregnant human uterus (Garfield et al). 2006;194:261-7 Myosin binding protein H; see Cytoskeletal proteins

Nasal bone First-trimester nuchal translucency, nasal bones, and trisomy 21 in selected and unselected populations (Prefumo et al). 2006;194:828-33 Needle biopsy; see Biopsy, needle Neonatal screening The newborn screening educational gap: what prenatal care providers do compared with what is expected (Faulkner et al). 2006;194:131-7 Neonate; see Infant, newborn Neoplasm invasiveness Prognostic factors and clinicopathologic characteristics of invasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix (Chargui et al). 2006;194:43-8 Risks and usefulness of sonohysterography in patients with endometrial carcinoma (Dessole et al). 2006;194:362-8 Neoplasm recurrence, local The role of secondary cytoreduction in the treatment of ovarian cancer: Hacettepe University experience (Ayhan et al). 2006;194:49-56 Neoplasms, unknown primary Predictors of occult neoplasia in women undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (Lamb et al). 2006;194:1702-9 Neoplasm staging Retrospective cohort study of surgical staging for ovarian low malignant potential tumors (Wingo et al). 2006;194:e20-e22 (Residents' papers) Risks and usefulness of sonohysterography in patients with endometrial carcinoma (Dessole et al). 2006;194:362-8 Neovascularization Cyclooxygenase-2, angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, P-glycoprotein in advanced ovarian serous carcinoma (Raspollini et al) (Letter); (Munkarah and Ali-Fehmi) (Reply). 2006;194:1203-4 The effects of the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase on angiogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer (Malone et al). 2006;194:1110-8 Nerve growth factors Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence and location of the neurotrophin–Trk receptor family in adult human preovulatory ovarian follicles (Seifer et al). 2006;194:1129-36 Nerve regeneration Placental mesenchymal stem cells as potential autologous graft for pre- and perinatal neuroregeneration (Portmann-Lanz et al). 2006;194:664-73 Nervous system diseases Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of 167 children after intrauterine laser treatment for severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome (Graef et al). 2006;194:303-8 (Editors' choice) Neural tube defects Prevention of NTDs: new strategies are needed (Coll and Palacio) (Letter); (de Jong-van den Berg) (Reply). 2006;194:1740-1 Neurodevelopmental outcome, child; see Child development Neurons The effects of repeated corticosteroid administration on the neurogenesis in the neonatal rat (Kanagawa et al). 2006;194:231-8 Neuropeptides Learning enhancement with neuropeptides (Toso et al). 2006;194:1153-9 Neuroprotective agents Neuroprophylaxis with aminophylline and magnesium sulfate? (Mittendorf and Pyrde) (Letter); (Di Renzo et al) (Reply). 2006;194:593-4 Neuroregeneration; see Nerve regeneration Neurosurgical procedures Maternal-fetal surgery for myelomeningocele: neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age (Johnson et al). 2006;194:1145-52 Neurotrophin; see Nerve growth factors Nevirapine Nevirapine toxicity in a cohort on HIV-1–infected pregnant women (João et al). 2006;194:199-202 Newborn screening; see Neonatal screening Nifedipine Tocolysis in women with preterm labor between 32 0/7 and 34 6/7 weeks of gestation: a randomized controlled pilot study (How et al). 2006;194:976-81 Nitric oxide donors The “PRIM” study: a randomized comparison of prostaglandin E 2 gel with nitric oxide donor isosorbide mononitrate for cervical ripening before the induction of labor at term (Osman et al). 2006;194:1012-21 Nitric oxide synthase type II The effects of the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase on angiogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer (Malone et al). 2006;194:1110-8 Nitroglycerin Intravaginal glyceryl trinitrate and dinoprostone for cervical ripening and induction of labor (Nunes et al). 2006;194:1022-6 NMDA receptor; see Receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate Nocturia; see Urination disorders Norethindrone Chemical birth of the pill (Djerassi et al). 2006;194:290-8 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Steroids LIV. Synthesis of 19-nor-17α-ethynyltestosterone and 19-nor-17α-methyltestosterone (Djerassi et al). 2006;194:289-90 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Norethisterone; see Norethindrone Norethynodrel Chemical birth of the pill (Djerassi et al). 2006;194:290-8 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Nuchal translucency measurement First-trimester nuchal translucency, nasal bones, and trisomy 21 in selected and unselected populations (Prefumo et al). 2006;194:828-33 Prospective study of 22q11 deletion analysis in fetuses with excess nuchal translucency (Donnenfeld et al). 2006;194:508-11 Screening for major structural abnormalities at the 11- to 14-week ultrasound scan (Souka et al). 2006;194:393-6

Obstetrical forceps A new obstetric forceps for the training of junior doctors: a comparison of the spatial dispersion of forceps blade trajectories between junior and senior obstetricians (Dupuis et al). 2006;194:1524-31 (Editors' choice) Obstetric outcome; see Pregnancy outcome Obstetrics Accuracy of obstetric diagnoses and procedures in hospital discharge data (Yasmeen et al). 2006;194:992-1001 The art of discovery (Gibbs). 2006;194:1078-87 (Pres. address) Implementing prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis in routine obstetric practice (Ormond) (Letter); (Fries) (Reply). 2006;194:904-5 The influence of physician gender on practice satisfaction among obstetrician gynecologists (Emmons et al). 2006;194:1728-39 Is there a useful cesarean birth measure? Assessment of the nulliparous term singleton vertex cesarean birth rate as a tool for obstetric quality improvement (Main et al). 2006;194:1644-52 A novel amniocentesis model for learning stereotactic skills (Zubair et al). 2006;194:846-8 The perceived impact of duty hour restrictions on the residency environment: a survey of residency program directors (Nuthalapaty et al). 2006;194:1556-62 (Education) Quality of obstetric care and risk-adjusted primary cesarean delivery rates (Bailit et al). 2006;194:402-7 The role of cervical cerclage in obstetric practice: can the patient who could benefit from this procedure be identified? (Romero et al). 2006;194:1-9 (Editorial) The scope of duty hour–associated residency structure modifications (Nuthalapaty et al). 2006;194:282-8 (Education) The use of United States vital statistics in perinatal and obstetric research (Schoendorf and Branum). 2006;194:911-5 (Research methods) Vital considerations for the use of vital statistics in obstetrical research (Cahill and Macones). 2006;194:909-10 (Editorial) Welcome to Drs Kilpatrick and Macones (Garite). 2006;194:1207 Obstructive sleep apnea; see Sleep apnea, obstructive Oocytes Thorough sonographic oocyte retrieval during in vitro fertilization produces results similar to ovarian wedge resection in patients with clomiphene citrate–resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome (Branigan et al). 2006;194:1696-1701 Oophorectomy; see Ovariectomy Oral contraceptives; see Contraceptives, oral Osteogenesis Unsuccessful attempt to demonstrate progesterone's bone formation actions (Prior et al) (Letter); (Liu) (Reply). 2006;194:1502-3 Osteoporosis The effect of raloxifene on cardiac autonomic regulation in osteoporotic women (Gol et al). 2006;194:1249-54 Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis (Lane). 2006;194:S3-11 Introduction to osteoporosis: from pathogenesis to prevention and treatment strategies (Gold). 2006;194:S1-2 Osteoporosis, postmenopausal Strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis during early postmenopause (Delaney). 2006;194:S12-23 Osteoporotic fracture; see Fracture, spontaneous Outcome assessment (health care) Is there a useful cesarean birth measure? Assessment of the nulliparous term singleton vertex cesarean birth rate as a tool for obstetric quality improvement (Main et al). 2006;194:1644-52 Ovarian dysfunction; see Ovarian failure, premature Ovarian failure, premature Acceptance of fragile X premutation genetic screening in women with ovarian dysfunction (Pastore et al). 2006;194:738-43 Ovarian follicle Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence and location of the neurotrophin–Trk receptor family in adult human preovulatory ovarian follicles (Seifer et al). 2006;194:1129-36 Ovarian neoplasms Cyclooxygenase-2, angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, P-glycoprotein in advanced ovarian serous carcinoma (Raspollini et al) (Letter); (Munkarah and Ali-Fehmi) (Reply). 2006;194:1203-4 The effects of the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase on angiogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer (Malone et al). 2006;194:1110-8 Loss of communication in ovarian cancer (Toler et al). 2006;194:e27-e31 (Residents' papers) Predictors of occult neoplasia in women undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (Lamb et al). 2006;194:1702-9 Retrospective cohort study of surgical staging for ovarian low malignant potential tumors (Wingo et al). 2006;194:e20-e22 (Residents' papers) The role of secondary cytoreduction in the treatment of ovarian cancer: Hacettepe University experience (Ayhan et al). 2006;194:49-56 Use of resveratrol to improve the effectiveness of cisplatin and doxorubicin: study in human gynecologic cancer cell lines and in rodent heart (Rezk et al). 2006;194:e23-e26 (Residents' papers) Ovariectomy A prospective study of 3 years of outcomes after hysterectomy with and without oophorectomy (Farquhar et al). 2006;194:711-7 Value of laparoscopic assistance for vaginal hysterectomy with prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy (Agostini et al). 2006;194:351-4 Ovary Presence of HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBVDNA in ovary and ovum of the patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (Ye et al). 2006;194:387-92 Overweight Recurrence of hypertensive disorder in second pregnancy (Hjartardottir et al). 2006;194:916-20 (Editors' choice) Ovum Presence of HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBVDNA in ovary and ovum of the patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (Ye et al). 2006;194:387-92 Oximetry The effect of intrapartum fetal pulse oximetry, in the presence of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern, on operative delivery rates: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial (the FOREMOST trial) (East et al). 2006;194:606-16, 606.e1-e16 (Editors' choice) Oxygen Fetal oxygenation and Doppler ultrasonography of cardiovascular hemodynamics in a chronic near-term sheep model (Mäkikallio et al). 2006;194:542-50 The hemoglobin, oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentrations in the umbilical blood of sheep and goats as sampled via indwelling plastic catheters (Meschia et al). 2006;194:1196-7 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Oxytocin Adaptation to pregnancy leads to attenuated rat uterine artery smooth muscle sensitivity to oxytocin (Vedernikov et al). 2006;194:252-60 Epidural analgesia associated with low-dose oxytocin augmentation increases cesarean births: a critical look at the external validity of randomized trials (Kotaska et al). 2006;194:809-14

Pacific Coast Obstetrical and Gynecological Society Not in my hospital: identifying and reducing unnecessary hospital deaths presidential address: Pacific Coast Obstetrical and Gynecological Society (Millard). 2006;194:1633-7 (Pres. address) Pain, postoperative Does magnesium sulfate reduce the short- and long-term requirements for pain relief after caesarean delivery? A double-blind placebo-controlled trial (Paech et al). 2006;194:1596-1603 Oral analgesia compared with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for pain after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial (Davis et al). 2006;194:967-71 Pain measurement Impact of chromic catgut versus polyglactin 910 versus fast-absorbing polyglactin 910 sutures for perineal repair: a randomized, controlled trial (Leroux and Bujold). 2006;194:1585-90 Papanicolaou test; see Vaginal smears Parity Is there a useful cesarean birth measure? Assessment of the nulliparous term singleton vertex cesarean birth rate as a tool for obstetric quality improvement (Main et al). 2006;194:1644-52 Parturition Artificial intelligence: can computers help solve the puzzle of parturition? (Norwitz). 2006;194:1510-2 (Editorial) Women's health 18 years after rupture of the anal sphincter during childbirth: I. fecal incontinence (Faltin et al). 2006;194:1255-9 Women's health 18 years after rupture of the anal sphincter during childbirth: II. urinary incontinence, sexual function, and physical and mental health (Otero et al). 2006;194:1260-5 Pathogenesis Introduction to osteoporosis: from pathogenesis to prevention and treatment strategies (Gold). 2006;194:S1-2 Pathogenicity Antepartum vaginal bleeding, fetal exposure to oral pathogens, and risk for preterm birth at <35 weeks of gestation (Boggess et al). 2006;194:954-60 Patient acceptance of health care Health care discussions and treatment for urinary incontinence in U.S. women (Melville et al). 2006;194:729-37 Patient admission Utility of acute physiology, age, and chronic health evaluation (APACHE III) score in maternal admissions to the intensive care unit (Stevens et al). 2006;194:e13-e15 (Residents' papers) Patient care Sexual assault victims: factors associated with follow-up care (Ackerman et al). 2006;194:1653-9 Patient discharge Accuracy of obstetric diagnoses and procedures in hospital discharge data (Yasmeen et al). 2006;194:992-1001 Patient satisfaction Patient-centered surgical outcomes: the impact of goal achievement and urge incontinence on patient satisfaction one year after surgery (Mahajan et al). 2006;194:722-8 A prospective study of 3 years of outcomes after hysterectomy with and without oophorectomy (Farquhar et al). 2006;194:711-7 Pelvic floor Responsiveness of the pelvic floor distress inventory (PFDI) and pelvic floor impact questionnaire (PFIQ) in women undergoing vaginal surgery and pessary treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (Barber et al). 2006;194:1492-8 Vaginal evisceration (Khunda and Jones) (Letter); (Nasr and Aziz) (Reply). 2006;194:1744-5 Women seeking treatment for advanced pelvic organ prolapse have decreased body image and quality of life (Jelovsek et al). 2006;194:1455-61 Pelvic pain Mensendieck somatocognitive therapy as treatment approach to chronic pelvic pain: results of a randomized controlled intervention study (Haugstad et al). 2006;194:1303-10 Outpatient laparoscopy for abdominal and pelvic pain in the United States 1994 through 1996 (Tu and Beaumont). 2006;194:699-703 Pelvimetry Magnetic resonance–based serial pelvimetry: do maternal pelvic dimensions change during pregnancy? (Huerta-Enochian et al). 2006;194:1689-95 Pelvis Effect of patient age on increasing morbidity and mortality following urogynecologic surgery (Sung et al). 2006;194:1411-7 Levator plate angle in women with pelvic organ prolapse compared to women with normal support using dynamic MR imaging (Hsu et al). 2006;194:1427-33 Magnetic resonance–based serial pelvimetry: do maternal pelvic dimensions change during pregnancy? (Huerta-Enochian et al). 2006;194:1689-95 Magnetic resonance imaging of the levator ani in the squirrel monkey: a comparison of muscle volume between a cohort with pelvic organ prolapse and matched normals (Kramer et al). 2006;194:1467-71 Obstetric risk factors for symptomatic prolapse: a population-based approach (Tegerstedt et al). 2006;194:75-81 Pelvic magnetic resonance venography reveals high rate of pelvic vein thrombosis after cesarean section (Rodger et al). 2006;194:436-7 Skeletal muscle heavy-chain polypeptide 3 and myosin binding protein H in the pubococcygeus muscle in patients with and without pelvic organ prolapse (Hundley et al). 2006;194:1404-10 Usefulness of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy in patients who undergo radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer (Frumovitz et al). 2006;194:1186-95 Pelvis, surgery Dissection bias in subperitoneal pelvic anatomy (Höckel and Fritsch) (Letter); (Yabuki et al) (Reply). 2006;194:1504-5 Pentraxin 3 Elevated maternal levels of long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (Cetin et al). 2006;194:1347-53 Peptide hormones Insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome and the measurements of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and ghrelin (Chu et al). 2006;194:100-4 Peptides Skeletal muscle heavy-chain polypeptide 3 and myosin binding protein H in the pubococcygeus muscle in patients with and without pelvic organ prolapse (Hundley et al). 2006;194:1404-10 Perfusion Betamethasone effects on ovine uterine and umbilical placental perfusion at the dose used to enhance fetal lung maturation (Schwab et al). 2006;194:572-9 Correlations of placental perfusion and PlGF protein expression in early human pregnancy (Welch et al). 2006;194:1625-31 Perineum Impact of chromic catgut versus polyglactin 910 versus fast-absorbing polyglactin 910 sutures for perineal repair: a randomized, controlled trial (Leroux and Bujold). 2006;194:1585-90 Periodontal diseases Maternal periodontal disease in early pregnancy and risk for a small-for-gestational-age infant (Boggess et al). 2006;194:1316-22 Periventricular leukomalacia; see Leukomalacia, periventricular Pessaries Responsiveness of the pelvic floor distress inventory (PFDI) and pelvic floor impact questionnaire (PFIQ) in women undergoing vaginal surgery and pessary treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (Barber et al). 2006;194:1492-8 P-glycoprotein Cyclooxygenase-2, angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, P-glycoprotein in advanced ovarian serous carcinoma (Raspollini et al) (Letter); (Munkarah and Ali-Fehmi) (Reply). 2006;194:1203-4 Phenylpropanolamine Use of oral decongestants during pregnancy and delivery outcome (Källén and Olausson). 2006;194:480-5 Phlebography Pelvic magnetic resonance venography reveals high rate of pelvic vein thrombosis after cesarean section (Rodger et al). 2006;194:436-7 Phosphoproteins Association of insulin receptor substrate-1 G972R variant with baseline characteristics of the patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (Tok et al). 2006;194:868-72 Physical fitness Women's health 18 years after rupture of the anal sphincter during childbirth: II. urinary incontinence, sexual function, and physical and mental health (Otero et al). 2006;194:1260-5 Physician-patient relations The influence of physician gender on practice satisfaction among obstetrician gynecologists (Emmons et al). 2006;194:1728-39 Keepsake ultrasounds: more than just another pretty face (Nielsen) (Letter); (Chervenak and McCullough) (Reply). 2006;194:1501-2 Physicians The influence of physician gender on practice satisfaction among obstetrician gynecologists (Emmons et al). 2006;194:1728-39 Operator experience and sample quality in genetic amniocentesis (Welch et al). 2006;194:189-91 Placenta Betamethasone effects on ovine uterine and umbilical placental perfusion at the dose used to enhance fetal lung maturation (Schwab et al). 2006;194:572-9 Correlations of placental perfusion and PlGF protein expression in early human pregnancy (Welch et al). 2006;194:1625-31 Cytomegalovirus infection of trophoblast cells elicits an inflammatory response: a possible mechanism of placental dysfunction (Chou et al). 2006;194:535-41 Divergent trophoblast invasion and apoptosis in placental bed spiral arteries from pregnancies complicated by maternal anemia and early-onset preeclampsia/intrauterine growth restriction (Kadyrov et al). 2006;194:557-63 First-trimester trophoblast cell model gene response to hypoxia (Koklanaris et al). 2006;194:687-93 Human fetal growth and organ development: 50 years of discoveries (Pardi and Cetin). 2006;194:1088-99 Inhibitory effect of erythropoietin on contractility of human chorionic plate vessels (Jain et al). 2006;194:246-51, 246.e1-e7 Intertwin anastomoses in monochorionic placentas after fetoscopic laser coagulation for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: is there more than meets the eye? (Lewi et al). 2006;194:790-5 The known and unknown leptin in pregnancy (Hauguel-de Mouzon et al). 2006;194:1537-45 (Review article) Maternal vasculopathy and histologic diagnosis of preeclampsia: poor correlation of histologic changes and clinical manifestation (Zhang et al). 2006;194:1050-6 N-acetyl-cysteine suppresses amniotic fluid and placenta inflammatory cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide in rats (Beloosesky et al). 2006;194:268-73 Placental mesenchymal stem cells as potential autologous graft for pre- and perinatal neuroregeneration (Portmann-Lanz et al). 2006;194:664-73 Pregnancy loss after first-trimester viability in women with sickle cell trait: time for a reappraisal? (Taylor et al). 2006;194:1604-8 Second-trimester prediction of severe placental complications in women with combined elevations in alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin (Alkazaleh et al). 2006;194:821-7 Twin pregnancies with two separate placental masses can still be monochorionic and have vascular anastomoses (Lopriore et al). 2006;194:804-8 The use of needle biopsy for assessment of placental gene expression (Sadovsky et al). 2006;194:1137-44 Placenta, retained Sulprostone reduces the need for the manual removal of the placenta in patients with retained placenta: a randomized controlled trial (van Beekhuizen et al). 2006;194:446-50 Placenta accreta Differential expression of angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and Tie receptors in placentas from pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta (Tseng et al). 2006;194:564-71 Placental function tests Indwelling plastic catheters in developmental physiology (Meschia). 2006;194:1197-9 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Placental growth factor; see Pregnancy proteins Platelet activating factor Endothelin and platelet-activating factor: significance in the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion-induced fetal growth restriction in the rat (Thaete and Neerhof). 2006;194:1377-83 Platelet activation Subclinical signs of vascular damage relate to enhanced platelet responsiveness among nonpregnant formerly preeclamptic women (Spaanderman et al). 2006;194:855-60 PlGF protein Correlations of placental perfusion and PlGF protein expression in early human pregnancy (Welch et al). 2006;194:1625-31 Polycystic ovary syndrome Lipids in polycystic ovary syndrome: role of hyperinsulinemia and effects of metformin (Banaszewska et al). 2006;194:1266-72 Thorough sonographic oocyte retrieval during in vitro fertilization produces results similar to ovarian wedge resection in patients with clomiphene citrate–resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome (Branigan et al). 2006;194:1696-1701 Polyglactin 910 Impact of chromic catgut versus polyglactin 910 versus fast-absorbing polyglactin 910 sutures for perineal repair: a randomized, controlled trial (Leroux and Bujold). 2006;194:1585-90 Polyhydramnios Steady-state levels of aquaporin 1 mRNA expression are increased in idiopathic polyhydramnios (Mann et al). 2006;194:884-7 Polymorphism An α-1 chain of type I collagen Sp1-binding site polymorphism in women suffering from stress urinary incontinence (Skorupski et al). 2006;194:346-50 The association between inherited cytokine polymorphisms and cerebral palsy (Gibson et al). 2006;194:674-80, 674.e1-e11 Association of insulin receptor substrate-1 G972R variant with baseline characteristics of the patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (Tok et al). 2006;194:868-72 Congenital heart defects, maternal homocysteine, smoking, and the 677 C>T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydroflate reductase gene: evaluating gene-environment interactions (Hobbs et al). 2006;194:218-24 Necessary to evaluate the possible involvement of endothelin-1 gene polymorphisms in urinary dysfunction? (Choy and Yip) (Letter); (Juillerat-Jeanneret) (Reply). 2006;194:300-2 Polymorphism, single nucleotide Multilocous interactions at maternal tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor necrosis factor receptors, interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor genes predict spontaneous preterm labor in European-American women (Menon et al). 2006;194:1616-24 Polyps Are the site, diameter, and number of endometrial polyps related with symptomatology? (Hassa et al). 2006;194:718-21 Postmenopause The effect of raloxifene on cardiac autonomic regulation in osteoporotic women (Gol et al). 2006;194:1249-54 Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis (Lane). 2006;194:S3-11 Exercise and bone mineral density at the femoral neck in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials with individual patient data (Kelley and Kelley). 2006;194:760-7 Insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome and the measurements of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and ghrelin (Chu et al). 2006;194:100-4 Introduction to osteoporosis: from pathogenesis to prevention and treatment strategies (Gold). 2006;194:S1-2 Predictors of worsening insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women (Goodrow et al). 2006;194:355-61 Postoperative complications Effect of patient age on increasing morbidity and mortality following urogynecologic surgery (Sung et al). 2006;194:1411-7 Incidence, origin, and character of cerebral injury in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome treated with fetoscopic laser surgery (Lopriore et al). 2006;194:1215-20 (Editors' choice) The incidence of ureteral obstruction and the value of intraoperative cystoscopy during vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (Gustilo-Ashby et al). 2006;194:1478-85 Mesh erosion in abdominal sacral colpopexy with and without concomitant hysterectomy (Wu et al). 2006;194:1418-22 Pelvic magnetic resonance venography reveals high rate of pelvic vein thrombosis after cesarean section (Rodger et al). 2006;194:436-7 The risk of hydrosalpinx formation and adnexectomy following tubal ligation and subsequent hysterectomy: a historical cohort study (Morse et al). 2006;194:1273-6 Postoperative nausea and vomiting The efficacy of ginger for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis (Chaiyakunapruk et al). 2006;194:95-9 Postpartum period Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period: incidence, risk factors, and mortality (James et al). 2006;194:1311-5 Practice guidelines American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists practice bulletins: an overview (Chauhan et al). 2006;194:1564-75 Women's primary care providers and breast cancer screening: who's following the guidelines? (Wallace et al). 2006;194:744-8 Predictive value of tests Methods of clinical prediction (Grobman and Stamilio). 2006;194:888-94 (Research methods) Selective use of fetal fibronectin detection after cervical length measurement to predict spontaneous preterm delivery in women with preterm labor (Schmitz et al). 2006;194:138-43 Preeclampsia Circulating angiogenic factors in preeclampsia, gestational proteinuria, and preeclampsia superimposed on chronic glomerulonephritis (Masuyama et al). 2006;194:551-6 Circulating angiogenic proteins in trisomy 13 (Bdolah et al). 2006;194:239-45 Divergent trophoblast invasion and apoptosis in placental bed spiral arteries from pregnancies complicated by maternal anemia and early-onset preeclampsia/intrauterine growth restriction (Kadyrov et al). 2006;194:557-63 Elevated maternal levels of long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (Cetin et al). 2006;194:1347-53 Is vitamin E a safe prophylaxis for preeclampsia? (Banerjee et al). 2006;194:1228-33 (Clin. opinion) Low molecular weight heparin vs. no treatment in pregnant women with previous preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction who are heterozygote for factor V Leiden or prothrombin gene G20210A mutation (Parrettielena et al). 2005;193:S2. Retraction 2006;194:1206 Mapping the theories of preeclampsia: the need for systematic reviews of mechanisms of the disease (Mignini et al). 2006;194:317-21 (Clin. opinion) Maternal vasculopathy and histologic diagnosis of preeclampsia: poor correlation of histologic changes and clinical manifestation (Zhang et al). 2006;194:1050-6 Obstetric outcomes in women with elevated maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (Towner et al). 2006;194:1676-82 Perinatal complications among different Asian-American subgroups (Rao et al). 2006;194:e39-e41 (Residents' papers) Preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and intrauterine growth restriction, related or independent conditions? (Villar et al). 2006;194:921-31 (Editors' choice) Serum sFlt1 concentration during preeclampsia and mid trimester blood pressure in healthy nulliparous women (Levine et al). 2006;194:1034-41 Spirometry is related to perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with asthma (Schatz et al). 2006;194:120-6 Subclinical signs of vascular damage relate to enhanced platelet responsiveness among nonpregnant formerly preeclamptic women (Spaanderman et al). 2006;194:855-60 Unexpected results of an important trial of vitamins C and E administration to prevent preeclampsia (Romero and Garite). 2006;194:1213-4 (Editorial) Uric acid concentrations in early pregnancy among preeclamptic women with gestational hyperuricemia at delivery (Powers et al). 2006;194:160-6, 160.e1-e8 World Health Organization randomized trial of calcium supplementation among low calcium intake pregnant women (Villar et al). 2006;194:639-49 Pregnancy Adaptation to pregnancy leads to attenuated rat uterine artery smooth muscle sensitivity to oxytocin (Vedernikov et al). 2006;194:252-60 Calcium supplementation during pregnancy and lactation: effects on the mother and the fetus (Thomas and Weisman). 2006;194:937-45 (Review article) Correlates of intake of folic acid–containing supplements among pregnant women (Carmichael et al). 2006;194:203-10 Correlations of placental perfusion and PlGF protein expression in early human pregnancy (Welch et al). 2006;194:1625-31 Effect of magnesium sulfate on contractile force and intracellular calcium concentration in pregnant human myometrium (Fomin et al). 2006;194:1384-90 Fetal oxygenation and Doppler ultrasonography of cardiovascular hemodynamics in a chronic near-term sheep model (Mäkikallio et al). 2006;194:542-50 The known and unknown leptin in pregnancy (Hauguel-de Mouzon et al). 2006;194:1537-45 (Review article) Magnetic resonance–based serial pelvimetry: do maternal pelvic dimensions change during pregnancy? (Huerta-Enochian et al). 2006;194:1689-95 Preventive ethics for including women of childbearing potential in clinical trials (McCullough et al). 2006;194:1221-7 (Clin. opinion) Reduction of circulating annexin A5 levels and resistance to annexin A5 anticoagulant activity in women with recurrent spontaneous pregnancy losses (Rand et al). 2006;194:182-8 Risk factors for abruptio placentae among Peruvian women (Sanchez et al). 2006;194:225-30 Safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy (Pool and Iskander) (Letter); (Munoz and Glezen) (Reply). 2006;194:1200-1 Salivary proteinase activity: a potential biomarker for preterm premature rupture of the membranes (Menon et al). 2006;194:1609-15 Structural and functional comparison of mast cells in the pregnant versus nonpregnant human uterus (Garfield et al). 2006;194:261-7 Temporal trends in the rates of trial of labor in low-risk pregnancies and their impact on the rates and success of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (Yeh et al). 2006;194:144-52, 144.e1-e12 Uric acid concentrations in early pregnancy among preeclamptic women with gestational hyperuricemia at delivery (Powers et al). 2006;194:160-6, 160.e1-e8 Pregnancy, animal Identification of interactive gene networks: a novel approach in gene array profiling of myometrial events during guinea pig pregnancy (Mason et al). 2006;194:1513-23 (Editors' choice) Pregnancy, drug effects Nevirapine toxicity in a cohort on HIV-1–infected pregnant women (João et al). 2006;194:199-202 Optimal timing of ampicillin administration to pregnant women for establishing bactericidal levels in the prophylaxis of group B Streptococcus (Colombo et al). 2006;194:466-70 Pregnancy, ectopic Creatine phosphokinase in ectopic pregnancy revisited: significant diagnostic value of its MB and MM isoenzyme fractions (Katsikis et al). 2006;194:86-91 Estimation of pregnancy-related mortality risk by pregnancy outcome, United States, 1991 to 1999 (Grimes). 2006;194:92-4 Pregnancy, high-risk Progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth among women at increased risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Mackenzie et al). 2006;194:1234-42 (Review article) Pregnancy, multiple IVF results: optimize not maximize (El-Toukhy et al). 2006;194:322-31 (Review article) Plurality-dependent risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage among very low birth weight infants and antepartum corticosteroid treatment (Blickstein et al). 2006;194:1329-33. (Spellacy) (Letter); (Blickstein) (Reply). 2006;194:302 Pregnancy and infant outcome of 80 consecutive cord coagulations in complicated monochorionic multiple pregnancies (Lewi et al). 2006;194:782-9 Twin pregnancies with two separate placental masses can still be monochorionic and have vascular anastomoses (Lopriore et al). 2006;194:804-8 Pregnancy, unplanned Contraceptive use and discontinuation: findings from the contraceptive history, initiation, and choice study (Brunner Huber et al). 2006;194:1290-5 Pregnancy, unwanted Unintended rapid repeat pregnancy and low education status: any role for depression and contraceptive use? (Bennett et al). 2006;194:749-54 Pregnancy complications Annexin A5 levels in midtrimester amniotic fluid: association with intrauterine growth restriction (Van Eerden et al). 2006;194:1371-6 Are women who are treated for hypothyroidism at risk for pregnancy complications? (Tan et al). 2006;194:e1-e3 (Residents' papers) Circulating angiogenic factors in preeclampsia, gestational proteinuria, and preeclampsia superimposed on chronic glomerulonephritis (Masuyama et al). 2006;194:551-6 Differential expression of angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and Tie receptors in placentas from pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta (Tseng et al). 2006;194:564-71 Emergent (crash) cesarean delivery: indications and outcomes (Lagrew et al). 2006;194:1638-43 Impaired factor XIIa–dependent activation of fibrinolysis in treated antiphospholipid syndrome gestations developing late-pregnancy complications (Carmona et al). 2006;194:457-65 Maternal periodontal disease in early pregnancy and risk for a small-for-gestational-age infant (Boggess et al). 2006;194:1316-22 Perinatal complications among different Asian-American subgroups (Rao et al). 2006;194:e39-e41 (Residents' papers) Pregnancy loss after first-trimester viability in women with sickle cell trait: time for a reappraisal? (Taylor et al). 2006;194:1604-8 Screening for thyroid disorders during pregnancy: results of a survey in Maine (Haddow et al). 2006;194:471-4 Second-trimester prediction of severe placental complications in women with combined elevations in alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin (Alkazaleh et al). 2006;194:821-7 Utility of acute physiology, age, and chronic health evaluation (APACHE III) score in maternal admissions to the intensive care unit (Stevens et al). 2006;194:e13-e15 (Residents' papers) Women with one elevated 3-hour glucose tolerance test value: are they at risk for adverse perinatal outcomes? (McLaughlin et al). 2006;194:e16-e19 (Residents' papers) Pregnancy complications, cardiovascular Maternal vasculopathy and histologic diagnosis of preeclampsia: poor correlation of histologic changes and clinical manifestation (Zhang et al). 2006;194:1050-6 Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period: incidence, risk factors, and mortality (James et al). 2006;194:1311-5 Pregnancy complications, hematologic Divergent trophoblast invasion and apoptosis in placental bed spiral arteries from pregnancies complicated by maternal anemia and early-onset preeclampsia/intrauterine growth restriction (Kadyrov et al). 2006;194:557-63 Pregnancy complications, infectious Bacteriuria in pregnant women with sickle cell trait (Thurman et al). 2006;194:1366-70 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an emerging obstetric pathogen? (Jamieson et al). 2006;194:1532-6 (Clin. opinion) Midpregnancy genitourinary tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis: association with subsequent preterm delivery in women with bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginalis (Andrews et al). 2006;194:493-500 Prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section (Ledger) (Letter); (Morrison) (Reply). 2006;194:1500 A short cervix in women with preterm labor and intact membranes: a risk factor for microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (Caughey) (Letter); (Gomez et al) (Reply). 2006;194:901-3 Targeted prenatal herpes simplex virus testing: can we identify women at risk of transmission to the neonate? (Mark et al). 2006;194:408-14 Timing of prophylactic antibiotic administration in the uninfected laboring gravida: a randomized clinical trial (Dietz et al) (Letter); (Morrison) (Reply). 2006;194:1741-3 Tuberculosis prevention for non–US-born pregnant women (Sackoff et al). 2006;194:451-6 Valacyclovir therapy to reduce recurrent genital herpes in pregnant women (Andrews et al). 2006;194:774-81 Pregnancy loss; see Abortion, spontaneous Pregnancy outcome Associations between fetal inherited thrombophilia and adverse pregnancy outcomes (Gibson et al). 2006;194:947-53, 947.e1-e10 Comparative study of perinatal outcome of dichorionic and trichorionic iatrogenic triplets (Bajoria et al). 2006;194:415-24 Congenital heart defects, maternal homocysteine, smoking, and the 677 C>T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydroflate reductase gene: evaluating gene-environment interactions (Hobbs et al). 2006;194:218-24 Correlation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level with pregnancy outcome in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (Baker et al). 2006;194:1668-75 Customized versus population-based birth weight standards for identifying growth restricted infants: a French multicenter study (Ego et al). 2006;194:1042-9 Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia in labor: does it increase the risk of cesarean section? A randomized trial (Ohel et al). 2006;194:600-5 (Editors' choice) The effects of prophylactic iron given in prenatal supplements on iron status and birth outcomes: a randomized controlled trial (Siega-Riz et al). 2006;194:512-9 Emergent (crash) cesarean delivery: indications and outcomes (Lagrew et al). 2006;194:1638-43 Estimation of pregnancy-related mortality risk by pregnancy outcome, United States, 1991 to 1999 (Grimes). 2006;194:92-4 Five years to the term breech trial: the rise and fall of a randomized controlled trial (Glezerman). 2006;194:20-5 (Clin. opinion) Gestational diabetes: what's the problem? (Greenberg) (Letter); (Langer et al) (Reply). 2006;194:299-300 Is planned vaginal delivery for breech presentation at term still an option? Results of an observational prospective survey in France and Belgium (Goffinet et al). 2006;194:1002-11 The NICHD-MFMU antibiotic treatment of preterm PROM study: impact of initial amniotic fluid volume on pregnancy outcome (Mercer et al). 2006;194:438-45 Preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and intrauterine growth restriction, related or independent conditions? (Villar et al). 2006;194:921-31 (Editors' choice) Pregnancy and infant outcome of 80 consecutive cord coagulations in complicated monochorionic multiple pregnancies (Lewi et al). 2006;194:782-9 Pregnancy outcome of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus following bariatric surgery (Sheiner et al). 2006;194:431-5 A prospective study of the effects of female and male marijuana use on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian tube (GIFT) outcomes (Klonoff-Cohen et al). 2006;194:369-76 A randomized trial of coached versus uncoached maternal pushing during the second stage of labor (Bloom et al). 2006;194:10-3 (Editors' choice) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and adverse pregnancy outcomes (Wen et al). 2006;194:961-6 Spirometry is related to perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with asthma (Schatz et al). 2006;194:120-6 Trends in weight gain during pregnancy: a population study across 16 years in North Carolina (Helms et al). 2006;194:e32-e34 (Residents' papers) Use of oral decongestants during pregnancy and delivery outcome (Källén and Olausson). 2006;194:480-5 Pregnancy proteins Circulating angiogenic proteins in trisomy 13 (Bdolah et al). 2006;194:239-45 Pregnancy reduction, multifetal Pregnancy and infant outcome of 80 consecutive cord coagulations in complicated monochorionic multiple pregnancies (Lewi et al). 2006;194:782-9 Pregnancy termination; see Abortion Pregnancy trimester, first Acupressure for the in-patient treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized control trial (Heazell et al). 2006;194:815-20 Clinical use of first-trimester aneuploidy screening in a United States population can replicate data from clinical trials (Perni et al). 2006;194:127-30 First-trimester nuchal translucency, nasal bones, and trisomy 21 in selected and unselected populations (Prefumo et al). 2006;194:828-33 First-trimester trophoblast cell model gene response to hypoxia (Koklanaris et al). 2006;194:687-93 Maternal periodontal disease in early pregnancy and risk for a small-for-gestational-age infant (Boggess et al). 2006;194:1316-22 Pregnancy loss after first-trimester viability in women with sickle cell trait: time for a reappraisal? (Taylor et al). 2006;194:1604-8 Screening for major structural abnormalities at the 11- to 14-week ultrasound scan (Souka et al). 2006;194:393-6 Sonographic screening for trisomy 13 at 11 to 13 +6 weeks of gestation (Papageorghiou et al). 2006;194:397-401 Pregnancy trimester, second Annexin A5 levels in midtrimester amniotic fluid: association with intrauterine growth restriction (Van Eerden et al). 2006;194:1371-6 Cervical preparation using laminaria with adjunctive buccal misoprostol before second-trimester dilation and evacuation procedures: a randomized clinical trial (Edelman et al). 2006;194:425-30 Cost-effectiveness of dilation and evacuation versus the induction of labor for second-trimester pregnancy termination (Cowett et al). 2006;194:768-73 Diagnostic accuracy of fetal renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter as a predictor of significant postnatal nephrouropathy: second versus third trimester of pregnancy (Gramellini et al). 2006;194:167-73 Does abortion technique influence the course of perinatal grief in second trimester termination for fetal anomalies? (Kerstring et al) (Letter); (Burgoine and Romm) (Reply). 2006;194:1743-4 Extracellular 70-kd heat shock protein in mid-trimester amniotic fluid and its effect on cytokine production by ex vivo–cultured amniotic fluid cells (Jean-Pierre et al). 2006;194:694-8 Progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth among women at increased risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Mackenzie et al). 2006;194:1234-42 (Review article) Second-trimester prediction of severe placental complications in women with combined elevations in alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin (Alkazaleh et al). 2006;194:821-7 Serum sFlt1 concentration during preeclampsia and mid trimester blood pressure in healthy nulliparous women (Levine et al). 2006;194:1034-41 Pregnancy trimester, third Diagnostic accuracy of fetal renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter as a predictor of significant postnatal nephrouropathy: second versus third trimester of pregnancy (Gramellini et al). 2006;194:167-73 Premature birth Antepartum vaginal bleeding, fetal exposure to oral pathogens, and risk for preterm birth at <35 weeks of gestation (Boggess et al). 2006;194:954-60 Are women with recurrent spontaneous preterm births different from those without such history? (Mercer et al). 2006;194:1176-85 The HPTN 024 Study: the efficacy of antibiotics to prevent chorioamnionitis and preterm birth (Goldenberg et al). 2006;194:650-61 Interconceptional antibiotics to prevent spontaneous preterm birth: a randomized clinical trial (Andrews et al). 2006;194:617-23 (Editors' choice) Maternal characteristics and cervical length in the prediction of spontaneous early preterm delivery in twins (To et al). 2006;194:1360-5 Midpregnancy genitourinary tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis: association with subsequent preterm delivery in women with bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginalis (Andrews et al). 2006;194:493-500 Obstetric outcomes in women with elevated maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (Towner et al). 2006;194:1676-82 Perinatal complications among different Asian-American subgroups (Rao et al). 2006;194:e39-e41 (Residents' papers) Preconceptional antibiotic treatment to prevent preterm birth in women with a previous preterm delivery (Espinoza et al). 2006;194:630-7 (Review article) Progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth among women at increased risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Mackenzie et al). 2006;194:1234-42 (Review article) Readily treatable reproductive tract infections and preterm birth among black women (French et al). 2006;194:1717-27 Signaling via the type I Il-1 and TNF receptors is necessary for bacterially induced preterm labor in a murine model (Hirsch et al). 2006;194:1334-40 World Health Organization randomized trial of calcium supplementation among low calcium intake pregnant women (Villar et al). 2006;194:639-49 Premature rupture of membranes; see Fetal membranes, premature rupture Prematurity; see Infant, premature Prenatal care The effects of prophylactic iron given in prenatal supplements on iron status and birth outcomes: a randomized controlled trial (Siega-Riz et al). 2006;194:512-9 The newborn screening educational gap: what prenatal care providers do compared with what is expected (Faulkner et al). 2006;194:131-7 Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in mothers of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis: implications for prenatal management and screening (Levine) (Letter); (McLeod et al) (Reply). 2006;194:589-90 Targeted prenatal herpes simplex virus testing: can we identify women at risk of transmission to the neonate? (Mark et al). 2006;194:408-14 Tuberculosis prevention for non–US-born pregnant women (Sackoff et al). 2006;194:451-6 Prenatal diagnosis Diagnostic accuracy of fetal renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter as a predictor of significant postnatal nephrouropathy: second versus third trimester of pregnancy (Gramellini et al). 2006;194:167-73 Implementing prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis in routine obstetric practice (Ormond) (Letter); (Fries) (Reply). 2006;194:904-5 Prenatal diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: a new screening program for chromosomal anomalies (Coll et al). 2006;194:192-8 Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in mothers of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis: implications for prenatal management and screening (Levine) (Letter); (McLeod et al) (Reply). 2006;194:589-90 Screening for thyroid disorders during pregnancy: results of a survey in Maine (Haddow et al). 2006;194:471-4 Three-dimensional power Doppler (3DPD) ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of fetal vascular anomalies (Sciaky-Tamir et al). 2006;194:274-81 (Imaging) Prenatal nutrition Prevention of NTDs: new strategies are needed (Coll and Palacio) (Letter); (de Jong-van den Berg) (Reply). 2006;194:1740-5 Prenatal screening; see Prenatal diagnosis Presidential address Presidential address. 2006;194:1078-87, 1633-7 Preterm birth; see Premature birth Preterm labor; see Labor, premature Preterm premature rupture of membranes; see Fetal membranes, premature rupture Prevalence Prevalence and management of late fetal complications following successful selective laser coagulation of chorionic plate anastomoses in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (Robyr et al). 2006;194:796-803 Primary health care A comprehensive women's health care center: are gynecologists offering primary care? (Lentz et al). 2006;194:1660-7 Women's primary care providers and breast cancer screening: who's following the guidelines? (Wallace et al). 2006;194:744-8 Professional liability; see Liability, legal Progesterone Detection of morphological changes of the ovine cervix in response to sex steroids using a fluorescence confocal endomicroscope (Bott et al). 2006;194:105-12 Progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth among women at increased risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Mackenzie et al). 2006;194:1234-42 (Review article) Unsuccessful attempt to demonstrate progesterone's bone formation actions (Prior et al) (Letter); (Liu) (Reply). 2006;194:1502-3 Prognosis Prognostic factors and clinicopathologic characteristics of invasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix (Chargui et al). 2006;194:43-8 What determines a successful tension-free vaginal tape? A prospective multicenter cohort study: results from The Netherlands TVT database (Schraffordt Koops et al). 2006;194:65-74 Prophylaxis The effects of prophylactic iron given in prenatal supplements on iron status and birth outcomes: a randomized controlled trial (Siega-Riz et al). 2006;194:512-9 Is vitamin E a safe prophylaxis for preeclampsia? (Banerjee et al). 2006;194:1228-33 (Clin. opinion) Optimal timing of ampicillin administration to pregnant women for establishing bactericidal levels in the prophylaxis of group B Streptococcus (Colombo et al). 2006;194:466-70 Tuberculosis prevention for non–US-born pregnant women (Sackoff et al). 2006;194:451-6 Unexpected results of an important trial of vitamins C and E administration to prevent preeclampsia (Romero and Garite). 2006;194:1213-4 (Editorial) Value of laparoscopic assistance for vaginal hysterectomy with prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy (Agostini et al). 2006;194:351-4 Prospective studies What determines a successful tension-free vaginal tape? A prospective multicenter cohort study: results from The Netherlands TVT database (Schraffordt Koops et al). 2006;194:65-74 Prostaglandin E 2 ; see Dinoprostone Proteinuria Circulating angiogenic factors in preeclampsia, gestational proteinuria, and preeclampsia superimposed on chronic glomerulonephritis (Masuyama et al). 2006;194:551-6 Prothrombin Low molecular weight heparin vs. no treatment in pregnant women with previous preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction who are heterozygote for factor V Leiden or prothrombin gene G20210A mutation (Parrettielena et al). 2005;193:S2. Retraction 2006;194:1206 Psychosocial stress; see Stress Pubococcygeus muscle; see Muscle, skeletal Pulmonary surfactants Neonatal Escherichia coli sepsis: possible effects of gender, type of surfactant, or time to initiation of antibiotics? (Molloy and O'Neill) (Letter); (Mayor-Lynn et al) (Reply). 2006;194:1201-2 Pulse oximetry; see Oximetry Pyelonephritis Bacteriuria in pregnant women with sickle cell trait (Thurman et al). 2006;194:1366-70

Quality control Improving Papanicolaou test quality and reducing medical errors by using Toyota production system methods (Raab et al). 2006;194:57-64 Quality of health care American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists practice bulletins: an overview (Chauhan et al). 2006;194:1564-75 Is there a useful cesarean birth measure? Assessment of the nulliparous term singleton vertex cesarean birth rate as a tool for obstetric quality improvement (Main et al). 2006;194:1644-52 Not in my hospital: identifying and reducing unnecessary hospital deaths presidential address: Pacific Coast Obstetrical and Gynecological Society (Millard). 2006;194:1633-7 (Pres. address) Quality of obstetric care and risk-adjusted primary cesarean delivery rates (Bailit et al). 2006;194:402-7 Quality of life The impact of treatment for gynecological cancer on health-related quality of life (HRQoL): a systematic review (Jones et al). 2006;194:26-42 (Review article) Patient-centered surgical outcomes: the impact of goal achievement and urge incontinence on patient satisfaction one year after surgery (Mahajan et al). 2006;194:722-8 Women seeking treatment for advanced pelvic organ prolapse have decreased body image and quality of life (Jelovsek et al). 2006;194:1455-61

Race factors Do racial and ethnic differences in serum folate values exist after food fortification with folic acid? (Lawrence et al). 2006;194:520-6 Intrinsic racial differences in the risk of cesarean delivery are not explained by differences in caregivers or hospital site of delivery (Chung et al). 2006;194:1323-8 Radiography Amniography. Preliminary report (Menees et al). 2006;194:586-7 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Why and how we started amniography (Miller). 2006;194:587-8 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Radionuclide imaging Usefulness of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy in patients who undergo radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer (Frumovitz et al). 2006;194:1186-95 Radiotherapy The impact of treatment for gynecological cancer on health-related quality of life (HRQoL): a systematic review (Jones et al). 2006;194:26-42 (Review article) Ragweed; see Ambrosia Raloxifene The effect of raloxifene on cardiac autonomic regulation in osteoporotic women (Gol et al). 2006;194:1249-54 Randomized controlled trials Five years to the term breech trial: the rise and fall of a randomized controlled trial (Glezerman). 2006;194:20-5 (Clin. opinion) A randomized trial of coached versus uncoached maternal pushing during the second stage of labor (Bloom et al). 2006;194:10-3 (Editors' choice) Rats Adaptation to pregnancy leads to attenuated rat uterine artery smooth muscle sensitivity to oxytocin (Vedernikov et al). 2006;194:252-60 The effects of repeated corticosteroid administration on the neurogenesis in the neonatal rat (Kanagawa et al). 2006;194:231-8 N-acetyl-cysteine suppresses amniotic fluid and placenta inflammatory cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide in rats (Beloosesky et al). 2006;194:268-73 Receiver operating characteristics; see ROC curve Receptors, GABA Prevention of alcohol-induced learning deficits in fetal alcohol syndrome mediated through NMDA and GABA receptors (Toso et al). 2006;194:681-6 Receptors, interleukin-6 Multilocous interactions at maternal tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor necrosis factor receptors, interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor genes predict spontaneous preterm labor in European-American women (Menon et al). 2006;194:1616-24 Receptors, nerve growth factor Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence and location of the neurotrophin–Trk receptor family in adult human preovulatory ovarian follicles (Seifer et al). 2006;194:1129-36 Receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate Prevention of alcohol-induced learning deficits in fetal alcohol syndrome mediated through NMDA and GABA receptors (Toso et al). 2006;194:681-6 Receptors, TIE Differential expression of angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and Tie receptors in placentas from pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta (Tseng et al). 2006;194:564-71 Receptors, tumor necrosis factor Multilocous interactions at maternal tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor necrosis factor receptors, interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor genes predict spontaneous preterm labor in European-American women (Menon et al). 2006;194:1616-24 Receptors, tumor necrosis factor, type 1 Signaling via the type I Il-1 and TNF receptors is necessary for bacterially induced preterm labor in a murine model (Hirsch et al). 2006;194:1334-40 Receptors, vasopressin Adaptation to pregnancy leads to attenuated rat uterine artery smooth muscle sensitivity to oxytocin (Vedernikov et al). 2006;194:252-60 Recurrence Are women with recurrent spontaneous preterm births different from those without such history? (Mercer et al). 2006;194:1176-85 Recurrence of hypertensive disorder in second pregnancy (Hjartardottir et al). 2006;194:916-20 (Editors' choice) Recurrent abortion; see Abortion, habitual Recurrent cancer; see Neoplasm recurrence, local Renal pelvis; see Kidney pelvis Reperfusion Endothelin and platelet-activating factor: significance in the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion-induced fetal growth restriction in the rat (Thaete and Neerhof). 2006;194:1377-83 Reproductive history Are women with recurrent spontaneous preterm births different from those without such history? (Mercer et al). 2006;194:1176-85 Reproductive tract infections; see Infection Research The art of discovery (Gibbs). 2006;194:1078-87 (Pres. address) Vital considerations for the use of vital statistics in obstetrical research (Cahill and Macones). 2006;194:909-10 (Editorial) Research design Methods of clinical prediction (Grobman and Stamilio). 2006;194:888-94 (Research methods) Research subjects Preventive ethics for including women of childbearing potential in clinical trials (McCullough et al). 2006;194:1221-7 (Clin. opinion) Residents' papers Residents' papers. 2006;194:e1-e48 Resistin Insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome and the measurements of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and ghrelin (Chu et al). 2006;194:100-4 Respiratory distress syndrome Plurality-dependent risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage among very low birth weight infants and antepartum corticosteroid treatment (Blickstein et al). 2006;194:1329-33. (Spellacy) (Letter); (Blickstein) (Reply). 2006;194:302 Resveratrol Use of resveratrol to improve the effectiveness of cisplatin and doxorubicin: study in human gynecologic cancer cell lines and in rodent heart (Rezk et al). 2006;194:e23-e26 (Residents' papers) Retraction of publication Low molecular weight heparin vs. no treatment in pregnant women with previous preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction who are heterozygote for factor V Leiden or prothrombin gene G20210A mutation (Parrettielena et al) (2005;193:S2). 2006;194:1206 Review articles Review articles. 2006;194:26-42, 322-31, 630-7, 937-45, 1234-42, 1537-45 Rh isoimmunization Fetal RhD genotyping by maternal serum analysis: a two-year experience (Roque) (Letter); (Costa et al) (Reply). 2006;194:905-6 Risk adjustment Quality of obstetric care and risk-adjusted primary cesarean delivery rates (Bailit et al). 2006;194:402-7 Risk assessment Estimation of pregnancy-related mortality risk by pregnancy outcome, United States, 1991 to 1999 (Grimes). 2006;194:92-4 Strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis during early postmenopause (Delaney). 2006;194:S12-23 Risk factors Acute and chronic chorioamnionitis and the risk of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission (Chi et al). 2006;194:174-81 Antepartum vaginal bleeding, fetal exposure to oral pathogens, and risk for preterm birth at <35 weeks of gestation (Boggess et al). 2006;194:954-60 Emergent (crash) cesarean delivery: indications and outcomes (Lagrew et al). 2006;194:1638-43 Factors associated with nonanomalous stillbirths: the Utah stillbirth database 1992-2002 (Aagaard-Tillery et al). 2006;194:849-54 Maternal periodontal disease in early pregnancy and risk for a small-for-gestational-age infant (Boggess et al). 2006;194:1316-22 Obstetric risk factors for symptomatic prolapse: a population-based approach (Tegerstedt et al). 2006;194:75-81 Readily treatable reproductive tract infections and preterm birth among black women (French et al). 2006;194:1717-27 Risk factors for abruptio placentae among Peruvian women (Sanchez et al). 2006;194:225-30 Risk factors for brachial plexus injury with and without shoulder dystocia (Gurewitsch et al). 2006;194:486-92 Risk factors for congenital toxoplasmosis are not always obvious (Lago) (Letter); (Boyer et al) (Reply). 2006;194:907-8 Risk factors for previable premature rupture of membranes or advanced cervical dilation: a case control study (Kilpatrick et al). 2006;194:1168-75 Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in mothers of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis: implications for prenatal management and screening (Levine) (Letter); (McLeod et al) (Reply). 2006;194:589-90 Risk factors for urinary incontinence among middle-aged women (Danforth et al). 2006;194:339-45 Risks and usefulness of sonohysterography in patients with endometrial carcinoma (Dessole et al). 2006;194:362-8 Targeted prenatal herpes simplex virus testing: can we identify women at risk of transmission to the neonate? (Mark et al). 2006;194:408-14 Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period: incidence, risk factors, and mortality (James et al). 2006;194:1311-5 RNA, messenger Steady-state levels of aquaporin 1 mRNA expression are increased in idiopathic polyhydramnios (Mann et al). 2006;194:884-7 ROC curve Diagnostic accuracy of fetal renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter as a predictor of significant postnatal nephrouropathy: second versus third trimester of pregnancy (Gramellini et al). 2006;194:167-73 Rupture Women's health 18 years after rupture of the anal sphincter during childbirth: I. fecal incontinence (Faltin et al). 2006;194:1255-9 Women's health 18 years after rupture of the anal sphincter during childbirth: II. urinary incontinence, sexual function, and physical and mental health (Otero et al). 2006;194:1260-5

Sacrum Mesh erosion in abdominal sacral colpopexy with and without concomitant hysterectomy (Wu et al). 2006;194:1418-22 Outcomes with porcine graft placement in the anterior vaginal compartment in patients who undergo high vaginal uterosacral suspension and cystocele repair (Wheeler et al). 2006;194:1486-91 Safety Improving Papanicolaou test quality and reducing medical errors by using Toyota production system methods (Raab et al). 2006;194:57-64 A multifacited approach to improve patient safety, prevent medical errors and resolve the professional liability crisis (Weinstein). 2006;194:1160-7 Safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy (Pool and Iskander) (Letter); (Munoz and Glezen) (Reply). 2006;194:1200-1 Saliva Salivary proteinase activity: a potential biomarker for preterm premature rupture of the membranes (Menon et al). 2006;194:1609-15 Scalp Fetal blood analysis during labor (Saling). 2006;194:896-9 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) New procedures for examining the fetus during labor: introduction, technique, and basics (Saling). 2006;194:895-6 (Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology) Scars; see Cicatrix Scintigraphy; see Radionuclide imaging Seafood Antepartum seafood consumption and mercury levels in newborn cord blood (Sato et al). 2006;194:1683-8 Second trimester; see Pregnancy trimester, second Selective estrogen receptor modulators Understanding the effects of SERMs on cardiovascular disease (Wild). 2006;194:1211-2 (Editorial) Sepsis syndrome Fetal thymic involution: a sonographic marker of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (Di Naro et al). 2006;194:153-9 Septicemia Neonatal Escherichia coli sepsis: possible effects of gender, type of surfactant, or time to initiation of antibiotics? (Molloy and O'Neill) (Letter); (Mayor-Lynn et al) (Reply). 2006;194:1201-2 SERM; see Selective estrogen receptor modulators Serologic tests Targeted prenatal herpes simplex virus testing: can we identify women at risk of transmission to the neonate? (Mark et al). 2006;194:408-14 Serotonin reuptake inhibitors; see Serotonin uptake inhibitors Serotonin uptake inhibitors Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and adverse pregnancy outcomes (Wen et al). 2006;194:961-6 Severe acute respiratory syndrome Emerging infectious disease outbreaks: old lessons and new challenges for obstetrician-gynecologists (Jamieson et al). 2006;194:1546-55 (Review article) Severity of illness index Nocturic frequency is related to severity of obstructive sleep apnea, improves with continuous positive airways treatment (FitzGerald et al). 2006;194:1399-403 Prediction of cervical histologic results using an abbreviated Reid Colposcopic Index during ALTS (Ferris and Litaker). 2006;194:704-10 Responsiveness of the pelvic floor distress inventory (PFDI) and pelvic floor impact questionnaire (PFIQ) in women undergoing vaginal surgery and pessary treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (Barber et al). 2006;194:1492-8 Sex factors The influence of physician gender on practice satisfaction among obstetrician gynecologists (Emmons et al). 2006;194:1728-39 Neonatal Escherichia coli sepsis: possible effects of gender, type of surfactant, or time to initiation of antibiotics? (Molloy and O'Neill) (Letter); (Mayor-Lynn et al) (Reply). 2006;194:1201-2 A prospective study of the effects of female and male marijuana use on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian tube (GIFT) outcomes (Klonoff-Cohen et al). 2006;194:369-76 Sex hormone-binding globulin Sex hormone-binding globulin – a surrogate marker for the prothrombic effects of combined oral contraceptives (van Rooijen et al) (Letter); (Garite) (Reply). 2006;194:1499-1500 Sex offenses Sexual assault victims: factors associated with follow-up care (Ackerman et al). 2006;194:1653-9 Sexual assault; see Sex offenses Sexual behavior Women's health 18 years after rupture of the anal sphincter during childbirth: II. urinary incontinence, sexual function, and physical and mental health (Otero et al). 2006;194:1260-5 Sheep Detection of morphological changes of the ovine cervix in response to sex steroids using a fluorescence confocal endomicroscope (Bott et al). 2006;194:105-12 Shoulder Comparing McRoberts' and Rubin's maneuvers for initial management and shoulder dystocia: an objective evaluation (Escamilla) (Letter); (Gurewitsch and Allen) (Reply). 2006;194:591-2 Risk factors for brachial plexus injury with and without shoulder dystocia (Gurewitsch et al). 2006;194:486-92 Sickle cell trait Bacteriuria in pregnant women with sickle cell trait (Thurman et al). 2006;194:1366-70 Pregnancy loss after first-trimester viability in women with sickle cell trait: time for a reappraisal? (Taylor et al). 2006;194:1604-8 Signal transduction Signaling via the type I Il-1 and TNF receptors is necessary for bacterially induced preterm labor in a murine model (Hirsch et al). 2006;194:1334-40 Simplexvirus Targeted prenatal herpes simplex virus testing: can we identify women at risk of transmission to the neonate? (Mark et al). 2006;194:408-14 Sleep apnea, obstructive Nocturic frequency is related to severity of obstructive sleep apnea, improves with continuous positive airways treatment (FitzGerald et al). 2006;194:1399-403 Small for gestational age infant; see Infant, small for gestational age Smoking Congenital heart defects, maternal homocysteine, smoking, and the 677 C>T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydroflate reductase gene: evaluating gene-environment interactions (Hobbs et al). 2006;194:218-24 Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Editorial (Iams). 2006;194:638, 946 (Editorial) Selections from the 26th annual meeting of the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine). 2006;194:638-98, 946-81 Sonohysterography Risks and usefulness of sonohysterography in patients with endometrial carcinoma (Dessole et al). 2006;194:362-8 Sp1 transcription factor An α-1 chain of type I collagen Sp1-binding site polymorphism in women suffering from stress urinary incontinence (Skorupski et al). 2006;194:346-50 Specimen handling Operator experience and sample quality in genetic amniocentesis (Welch et al). 2006;194:189-91 Spectrum analysis, mass The newborn screening educational gap: what prenatal care providers do compared with what is expected (Faulkner et al). 2006;194:131-7 Spirometry Spirometry is related to perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with asthma (Schatz et al). 2006;194:120-6 Statistics Methods of clinical prediction (Grobman and Stamilio). 2006;194:888-94 (Research methods) Stem cell transplantation Stem cell therapy: moving towards reality (Evans). 2006;194:662-3 (Editorial) Sterilization, tubal The risk of hydrosalpinx formation and adnexectomy following tubal ligation and subsequent hysterectomy: a historical cohort study (Morse et al). 2006;194:1273-6 Stillbirth Factors associated with nonanomalous stillbirths: the Utah stillbirth database 1992-2002 (Aagaard-Tillery et al). 2006;194:849-54 Higher rate of stillbirth at the extremes of reproductive age: a large nationwide sample of deliveries in the United States (Bateman and Simpson). 2006;194:840-5 Streptococcal infections Prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section (Ledger) (Letter); (Morrison) (Reply). 2006;194:1500 Streptococcus agalactiae Optimal timing of ampicillin administration to pregnant women for establishing bactericidal levels in the prophylaxis of group B Streptococcus (Colombo et al). 2006;194:466-70 Stress The association of psychosocial stress and bacterial vaginosis in a longitudinal cohort (Nansel et al). 2006;194:381-6 Stress urinary incontinence; see Urinary incontinence, stress Sulprostone; see Dinoprostone Surgery The impact of treatment for gynecological cancer on health-related quality of life (HRQoL): a systematic review (Jones et al). 2006;194:26-42 (Review article) The role of secondary cytoreduction in the treatment of ovarian cancer: Hacettepe University experience (Ayhan et al). 2006;194:49-56 Surgical mesh Mesh erosion in abdominal sacral colpopexy with and without concomitant hysterectomy (Wu et al). 2006;194:1418-22 Surgical wound dehiscence Uterine dehiscence in term pregnant patients with one previous cesarean delivery: growth factor immunoexpression and collagen content in the scarred lower uterine segment (Pollio et al). 2006;194:527-34 Sutures Impact of chromic catgut versus polyglactin 910 versus fast-absorbing polyglactin 910 sutures for perineal repair: a randomized, controlled trial (Leroux and Bujold). 2006;194:1585-90

Tamoxifen Benign gynecologic conditions in tamoxifen-treated patients (Cohen) (Letter); (Chalas et al) (Reply). 2006;194:1204-5 Teaching materials A novel amniocentesis model for learning stereotactic skills (Zubair et al). 2006;194:846-8 To the point: reviews in medical education online computer assisted instruction materials (Hammoud et al). 2006;194:1064-9 (Education) Tensile strength The effect of dystocia and previous cesarean uterine scar on the tensile properties of the lower uterine segment (Buhimschi et al). 2006;194:873-83 Tension-free vaginal tape; see Urologic surgical procedures Termination of pregnancy; see Abortion Third trimester; see Pregnancy trimester, third Thrombophilia Associations between fetal inherited thrombophilia and adverse pregnancy outcomes (Gibson et al). 2006;194:947-53, 947.e1-e10 Thrombophilia and pregnancy loss—picking up a needle from the haystack! (Ghosh et al) (Letter); (Gonen) (Reply). 2006;194:900-1 Thromboxanes Inhibitory effect of erythropoietin on contractility of human chorionic plate vessels (Jain et al). 2006;194:246-51, 246.e1-e7 Thymus gland Fetal thymic involution: a sonographic marker of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (Di Naro et al). 2006;194:153-9 Thyroid diseases Screening for thyroid disorders during pregnancy: results of a survey in Maine (Haddow et al). 2006;194:471-4 Thyroid stimulating hormone; see Thyrotropin Thyrotropin Correlation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level with pregnancy outcome in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (Baker et al). 2006;194:1668-75 TIE receptors; see Receptors, TIE Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 Failure of decidual arteriolar remodeling in the CBA/J × DBA/2 murine model of recurrent pregnancy loss is linked to increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) (Dixon et al). 2006;194:113-9 Tocolysis Electrical inhibition of preterm birth: inhibition of uterine contractility in the rabbit and pup births in the rat (Karsdon et al). 2005;193:1986-93. Correction 2006;194:595 Tocolysis in women with preterm labor between 32 0/7 and 34 6/7 weeks of gestation: a randomized controlled pilot study (How et al). 2006;194:976-81 Toxicity Loss of communication in ovarian cancer (Toler et al). 2006;194:e27-e31 (Residents' papers) Toxoplasma gondii Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in mothers of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis: implications for prenatal management and screening (Levine) (Letter); (McLeod et al) (Reply). 2006;194:589-90 Toxoplasmosis, congenital Risk factors for congenital toxoplasmosis are not always obvious (Lago) (Letter); (Boyer et al) (Reply). 2006;194:907-8 Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in mothers of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis: implications for prenatal management and screening (Levine) (Letter); (McLeod et al) (Reply). 2006;194:589-90 Transabdominal amniocentesis; see Amniocentesis Transactions Transactions of the 72nd annual meeting of the Central Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2006;194:1563 Transforming growth factor beta Uterine dehiscence in term pregnant patients with one previous cesarean delivery: growth factor immunoexpression and collagen content in the scarred lower uterine segment (Pollio et al). 2006;194:527-34 Transplantation, autologous Placental mesenchymal stem cells as potential autologous graft for pre- and perinatal neuroregeneration (Portmann-Lanz et al). 2006;194:664-73 Transplantation, heterologous Outcomes with porcine graft placement in the anterior vaginal compartment in patients who undergo high vaginal uterosacral suspension and cystocele repair (Wheeler et al). 2006;194:1486-91 Transvaginal ultrasonography; see Ultrasonography, prenatal Treatment outcome Are women who are treated for hypothyroidism at risk for pregnancy complications? (Tan et al). 2006;194:e1-e3 (Residents' papers) Does magnesium sulfate reduce the short- and long-term requirements for pain relief after caesarean delivery? A double-blind placebo-controlled trial (Paech et al). 2006;194:1596-1603 The effects of intravaginal clindamycin and metronidazole therapy on vaginal lactobacilli in patients with bacterial vaginosis (Nyirjesy et al). 2006;194:1277-82 The efficacy of ginger for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis (Chaiyakunapruk et al). 2006;194:95-9 Evaluation of effectiveness of prophylactic cerclage of a short cervix according to interleukin-8 in cervical mucus (Sakai et al). 2006;194:14-9 (Editors' choice) The impact of treatment for gynecological cancer on health-related quality of life (HRQoL): a systematic review (Jones et al). 2006;194:26-42 (Review article) Maternal-fetal surgery for myelomeningocele: neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age (Johnson et al). 2006;194:1145-52 Mensendieck somatocognitive therapy as treatment approach to chronic pelvic pain: results of a randomized controlled intervention study (Haugstad et al). 2006;194:1303-10 Neurodevelopmental outcome after laser therapy for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (Moise). 2006;194:1208-10 (Editorial) Nocturic frequency is related to severity of obstructive sleep apnea, improves with continuous positive airways treatment (FitzGerald et al). 2006;194:1399-403 Outcomes with porcine graft placement in the anterior vaginal compartment in patients who undergo high vaginal uterosacral suspension and cystocele repair (Wheeler et al). 2006;194:1486-91 Patient-centered surgical outcomes: the impact of goal achievement and urge incontinence on patient satisfaction one year after surgery (Mahajan et al). 2006;194:722-8 Posterior vaginal sling experience in elderly patients yields poor results (Mattox et al). 2006;194:1462-6 Preliminary results of 5% immiquimod cream in the primary treatment of vulva intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 (Le et al). 2006;194:377-80 Prevalence and management of late fetal complications following successful selective laser coagulation of chorionic plate anastomoses in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (Robyr et al). 2006;194:796-803 A prospective study of 3 years of outcomes after hysterectomy with and without oophorectomy (Farquhar et al). 2006;194:711-7 The role of secondary cytoreduction in the treatment of ovarian cancer: Hacettepe University experience (Ayhan et al). 2006;194:49-56 Suppressive antibacterial therapy with 0.75% metronidazole vaginal gel to prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis (Sobel et al). 2006;194:1283-9 What determines a successful tension-free vaginal tape? A prospective multicenter cohort study: results from The Netherlands TVT database (Schraffordt Koops et al). 2006;194:65-74 Trial of labor Temporal trends in the rates of trial of labor in low-risk pregnancies and their impact on the rates and success of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (Yeh et al). 2006;194:144-52, 144.e1-e12 Trichomonas vaginalis Midpregnancy genitourinary tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis: association with subsequent preterm delivery in women with bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginalis (Andrews et al). 2006;194:493-500 Triplets Comparative study of perinatal outcome of dichorionic and trichorionic iatrogenic triplets (Bajoria et al). 2006;194:415-24 Trisomy Circulating angiogenic proteins in trisomy 13 (Bdolah et al). 2006;194:239-45 Clinical use of first-trimester aneuploidy screening in a United States population can replicate data from clinical trials (Perni et al). 2006;194:127-30 Sonographic screening for trisomy 13 at 11 to 13 +6 weeks of gestation (Papageorghiou et al). 2006;194:397-401 Trisomy 21; see Down syndrome Trk receptor; see Receptors, nerve growth factor Trophoblasts Cytomegalovirus infection of trophoblast cells elicits an inflammatory response: a possible mechanism of placental dysfunction (Chou et al). 2006;194:535-41 Divergent trophoblast invasion and apoptosis in placental bed spiral arteries from pregnancies complicated by maternal anemia and early-onset preeclampsia/intrauterine growth restriction (Kadyrov et al). 2006;194:557-63 First-trimester trophoblast cell model gene response to hypoxia (Koklanaris et al). 2006;194:687-93 Tubal ligation; see Sterilization, tubal Tuberculosis Tuberculosis prevention for non–US-born pregnant women (Sackoff et al). 2006;194:451-6 Tumor markers, biological Overexpression of kallikrein 10 (hK10) in uterine serous papillary carcinomas (Santin et al). 2006;194:1296-302 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha Multilocous interactions at maternal tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor necrosis factor receptors, interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor genes predict spontaneous preterm labor in European-American women (Menon et al). 2006;194:1616-24 Tumor necrosis factor receptor; see Receptors, tumor necrosis factor Twin pregnancy; see Pregnancy, multiple Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence; see Fetofetal transfusion Twins Maternal characteristics and cervical length in the prediction of spontaneous early preterm delivery in twins (To et al). 2006;194:1360-5 Twin twin transfusion syndrome Neurodevelopmental outcome after laser therapy for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (Moise). 2006;194:1208-10 (Editorial) Twin-twin transfusion syndrome; see Fetofetal transfusion

Ultrasonography External anal sphincter volume measurements using 3-dimensional endoanal ultrasound (Gregory et al). 2006;194:1243-8 (Imaging) Thorough sonographic oocyte retrieval during in vitro fertilization produces results similar to ovarian wedge resection in patients with clomiphene citrate–resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome (Branigan et al). 2006;194:1696-1701 Ultrasonography, Doppler Fetal oxygenation and Doppler ultrasonography of cardiovascular hemodynamics in a chronic near-term sheep model (Mäkikallio et al). 2006;194:542-50 Three-dimensional power Doppler (3DPD) ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of fetal vascular anomalies (Sciaky-Tamir et al). 2006;194:274-81 (Imaging) Ultrasonography, prenatal Diagnostic accuracy of fetal renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter as a predictor of significant postnatal nephrouropathy: second versus third trimester of pregnancy (Gramellini et al). 2006;194:167-73 Early and late onset fetal microphthalmia (Blazer et al). 2006;194:1354-9 Evaluation of effectiveness of prophylactic cerclage of a short cervix according to interleukin-8 in cervical mucus (Sakai et al). 2006;194:14-9 (Editors' choice) Fetal thymic involution: a sonographic marker of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (Di Naro et al). 2006;194:153-9 Keepsake ultrasounds: more than just another pretty face (Nielsen) (Letter); (Chervenak and McCullough) (Reply). 2006;194:1501-2 Screening for major structural abnormalities at the 11- to 14-week ultrasound scan (Souka et al). 2006;194:393-6 Sonographic screening for trisomy 13 at 11 to 13 +6 weeks of gestation (Papageorghiou et al). 2006;194:397-401 Three-dimensional power Doppler (3DPD) ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of fetal vascular anomalies (Sciaky-Tamir et al). 2006;194:274-81 (Imaging) Umbilical cord Pregnancy and infant outcome of 80 consecutive cord coagulations in complicated monochorionic multiple pregnancies (Lewi et al). 2006;194:782-9 Surgical management of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (Quintero et al). 2006;194:982-91 Umbilicus Betamethasone effects on ovine uterine and umbilical placental perfusion at the dose used to enhance fetal lung maturation (Schwab et al). 2006;194:572-9 Unintended pregnancy; see Pregnancy, unwanted Ureteral obstruction The incidence of ureteral obstruction and the value of intraoperative cystoscopy during vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (Gustilo-Ashby et al). 2006;194:1478-85 Urethra Following midurethral versus bladder sling procedures (Botros et al). 2005;193:2144-8. Correction 2006;194:595 Recurrent stress incontinence is associated with decreased neuromuscular function in the striated urethral sphincter (Kenton et al). 2006;194:1434-7 The relationship between anterior and apical compartment support (Summers et al). 2006;194:1438-43 Urge incontinence; see Urinary incontinence Uric acid Uric acid concentrations in early pregnancy among preeclamptic women with gestational hyperuricemia at delivery (Powers et al). 2006;194:160-6, 160.e1-e8 Urinary incontinence Following midurethral versus bladder sling procedures (Botros et al). 2005;193:2144-8. Correction 2006;194:595 Health care discussions and treatment for urinary incontinence in U.S. women (Melville et al). 2006;194:729-37 Patient-centered surgical outcomes: the impact of goal achievement and urge incontinence on patient satisfaction one year after surgery (Mahajan et al). 2006;194:722-8 Risk factors for urinary incontinence among middle-aged women (Danforth et al). 2006;194:339-45 Women's health 18 years after rupture of the anal sphincter during childbirth: II. urinary incontinence, sexual function, and physical and mental health (Otero et al). 2006;194:1260-5 Urinary incontinence, stress An α-1 chain of type I collagen Sp1-binding site polymorphism in women suffering from stress urinary incontinence (Skorupski et al). 2006;194:346-50 Comparison of autologous rectus fascia and cadaveric fascia in pubovaginal sling continence outcomes (Howden et al). 2006;194:1444-9 Recurrent stress incontinence is associated with decreased neuromuscular function in the striated urethral sphincter (Kenton et al). 2006;194:1434-7 What determines a successful tension-free vaginal tape? A prospective multicenter cohort study: results from The Netherlands TVT database (Schraffordt Koops et al). 2006;194:65-74 Urination disorders Microscopic hematuria as a predictive factor for detecting bladder cancer at cystoscopy in women with irritative voiding symptoms (Wu et al). 2006;194:1423-6 Nocturic frequency is related to severity of obstructive sleep apnea, improves with continuous positive airways treatment (FitzGerald et al). 2006;194:1399-403 Urodynamics Recurrent stress incontinence is associated with decreased neuromuscular function in the striated urethral sphincter (Kenton et al). 2006;194:1434-7 Urogenital diseases Midpregnancy genitourinary tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis: association with subsequent preterm delivery in women with bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginalis (Andrews et al). 2006;194:493-500 Urologic surgical procedures Comparison of autologous rectus fascia and cadaveric fascia in pubovaginal sling continence outcomes (Howden et al). 2006;194:1444-9 Effect of patient age on increasing morbidity and mortality following urogynecologic surgery (Sung et al). 2006;194:1411-7 What determines a successful tension-free vaginal tape? A prospective multicenter cohort study: results from The Netherlands TVT database (Schraffordt Koops et al). 2006;194:65-74 Uterine cervical incompetence Evaluation of effectiveness of prophylactic cerclage of a short cervix according to interleukin-8 in cervical mucus (Sakai et al). 2006;194:14-9 (Editors' choice) The role of cervical cerclage in obstetric practice: can the patient who could benefit from this procedure be identified? (Romero et al). 2006;194:1-9 (Editorial) Uterine cervical neoplasms Prediction of cervical histologic results using an abbreviated Reid Colposcopic Index during ALTS (Ferris and Litaker). 2006;194:704-10 Prognostic factors and clinicopathologic characteristics of invasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix (Chargui et al). 2006;194:43-8 Usefulness of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy in patients who undergo radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer (Frumovitz et al). 2006;194:1186-95 Uterine contraction Electrical inhibition of preterm birth: inhibition of uterine contractility in the rabbit and pup births in the rat (Karsdon et al). 2005;193:1986-93. Correction 2006;194:595 Structural and functional comparison of mast cells in the pregnant versus nonpregnant human uterus (Garfield et al). 2006;194:261-7 Uterine hemorrhage Randomized trial of medical treatment versus hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding: resource use in the Medicine or Surgery (Ms) trial (Showstack et al). 2006;194:332-8 Uterine neoplasms Overexpression of kallikrein 10 (hK10) in uterine serous papillary carcinomas (Santin et al). 2006;194:1296-302 Use of resveratrol to improve the effectiveness of cisplatin and doxorubicin: study in human gynecologic cancer cell lines and in rodent heart (Rezk et al). 2006;194:e23-e26 (Residents' papers) Uterine prolapse Effect of patient age on increasing morbidity and mortality following urogynecologic surgery (Sung et al). 2006;194:1411-7 The incidence of ureteral obstruction and the value of intraoperative cystoscopy during vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (Gustilo-Ashby et al). 2006;194:1478-85 Levator plate angle in women with pelvic organ prolapse compared to women with normal support using dynamic MR imaging (Hsu et al). 2006;194:1427-33 Magnetic resonance imaging of the levator ani in the squirrel monkey: a comparison of muscle volume between a cohort with pelvic organ prolapse and matched normals (Kramer et al). 2006;194:1467-71 Mesh erosion in abdominal sacral colpopexy with and without concomitant hysterectomy (Wu et al). 2006;194:1418-22 Necessary to evaluate the possible involvement of endothelin-1 gene polymorphisms in urinary dysfunction? (Choy and Yip) (Letter); (Juillerat-Jeanneret) (Reply). 2006;194:300-2 Obstetric risk factors for symptomatic prolapse: a population-based approach (Tegerstedt et al). 2006;194:75-81 Posterior vaginal sling experience in elderly patients yields poor results (Mattox et al). 2006;194:1462-6 The relationship between anterior and apical compartment support (Summers et al). 2006;194:1438-43 Responsiveness of the pelvic floor distress inventory (PFDI) and pelvic floor impact questionnaire (PFIQ) in women undergoing vaginal surgery and pessary treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (Barber et al). 2006;194:1492-8 Skeletal muscle heavy-chain polypeptide 3 and myosin binding protein H in the pubococcygeus muscle in patients with and without pelvic organ prolapse (Hundley et al). 2006;194:1404-10 Women seeking treatment for advanced pelvic organ prolapse have decreased body image and quality of life (Jelovsek et al). 2006;194:1455-61 Uterus Adaptation to pregnancy leads to attenuated rat uterine artery smooth muscle sensitivity to oxytocin (Vedernikov et al). 2006;194:252-60 Betamethasone effects on ovine uterine and umbilical placental perfusion at the dose used to enhance fetal lung maturation (Schwab et al). 2006;194:572-9 The effect of dystocia and previous cesarean uterine scar on the tensile properties of the lower uterine segment (Buhimschi et al). 2006;194:873-83 Outcomes with porcine graft placement in the anterior vaginal compartment in patients who undergo high vaginal uterosacral suspension and cystocele repair (Wheeler et al). 2006;194:1486-91 Significance of accidental extensions in the lower uterine segment during cesarean delivery (de la Torre et al). 2006;194:e4-e6 (Residents' papers) Uterine dehiscence in term pregnant patients with one previous cesarean delivery: growth factor immunoexpression and collagen content in the scarred lower uterine segment (Pollio et al). 2006;194:527-34

Vagina Antepartum vaginal bleeding, fetal exposure to oral pathogens, and risk for preterm birth at <35 weeks of gestation (Boggess et al). 2006;194:954-60 Biomechanical characterization of vaginal versus abdominal surgical wound healing in the rabbit (Abramov et al). 2006;194:1472-7 The incidence of ureteral obstruction and the value of intraoperative cystoscopy during vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (Gustilo-Ashby et al). 2006;194:1478-85 A low vaginal “pool” amniotic fluid glucose measurement is a predictive but not a sensitive marker for infection in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (Buhimschi et al). 2006;194:309-16 (Editors' choice) Necessary to evaluate the possible involvement of endothelin-1 gene polymorphisms in urinary dysfunction? (Choy and Yip) (Letter); (Juillerat-Jeanneret) (Reply). 2006;194:300-2 Outcomes with porcine graft placement in the anterior vaginal compartment in patients who undergo high vaginal uterosacral suspension and cystocele repair (Wheeler et al). 2006;194:1486-91 Vaginal evisceration (Khunda and Jones) (Letter); (Nasr and Aziz) (Reply). 2006;194:1744-5 Vaginal birth after cesarean Temporal trends in the rates of trial of labor in low-risk pregnancies and their impact on the rates and success of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (Yeh et al). 2006;194:144-52, 144.e1-e12 Vaginal bleeding; see Hemorrhage Vaginal creams, foams and jellies Suppressive antibacterial therapy with 0.75% metronidazole vaginal gel to prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis (Sobel et al). 2006;194:1283-9 Vaginal hysterectomy; see Hysterectomy, vaginal Vaginal smears Improving Papanicolaou test quality and reducing medical errors by using Toyota production system methods (Raab et al). 2006;194:57-64 Vaginosis, bacterial The association of psychosocial stress and bacterial vaginosis in a longitudinal cohort (Nansel et al). 2006;194:381-6 The effects of intravaginal clindamycin and metronidazole therapy on vaginal lactobacilli in patients with bacterial vaginosis (Nyirjesy et al). 2006;194:1277-82 Midpregnancy genitourinary tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis: association with subsequent preterm delivery in women with bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginalis (Andrews et al). 2006;194:493-500 Readily treatable reproductive tract infections and preterm birth among black women (French et al). 2006;194:1717-27 Suppressive antibacterial therapy with 0.75% metronidazole vaginal gel to prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis (Sobel et al). 2006;194:1283-9 Valacyclovir; see Acyclovir; Valine Valine Valacyclovir therapy to reduce recurrent genital herpes in pregnant women (Andrews et al). 2006;194:774-81 Valsalva manuever The relationship between anterior and apical compartment support (Summers et al). 2006;194:1438-43 Vascular diseases Three-dimensional power Doppler (3DPD) ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of fetal vascular anomalies (Sciaky-Tamir et al). 2006;194:274-81 (Imaging) Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 Circulating angiogenic proteins in trisomy 13 (Bdolah et al). 2006;194:239-45 Vasopressin receptors; see Receptors, vasopressin Venography; see Phlebography Venous thrombosis Pelvic magnetic resonance venography reveals high rate of pelvic vein thrombosis after cesarean section (Rodger et al). 2006;194:436-7 Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period: incidence, risk factors, and mortality (James et al). 2006;194:1311-5 Vital statistics The use of United States vital statistics in perinatal and obstetric research (Schoendorf and Branum). 2006;194:911-5 (Research methods) Vital considerations for the use of vital statistics in obstetrical research (Cahill and Macones). 2006;194:909-10 (Editorial) Vitamin C; see Ascorbic acid Vitamin E Is vitamin E a safe prophylaxis for preeclampsia? (Banerjee et al). 2006;194:1228-33 (Clin. opinion) Unexpected results of an important trial of vitamins C and E administration to prevent preeclampsia (Romero and Garite). 2006;194:1213-4 (Editorial) Vitamins Dietary vitamin and lipid therapy rescues aberrant signaling and apoptosis and prevents hyperglycemia-induced diabetic embryopathy in rats (Reece et al). 2006;194:580-5 Vulvar neoplasms Preliminary results of 5% immiquimod cream in the primary treatment of vulva intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 (Le et al). 2006;194:377-80

Weight gain Recurrence of hypertensive disorder in second pregnancy (Hjartardottir et al). 2006;194:916-20 (Editors' choice) Trends in weight gain during pregnancy: a population study across 16 years in North Carolina (Helms et al). 2006;194:e32-e34 (Residents' papers) West Nile fever Emerging infectious disease outbreaks: old lessons and new challenges for obstetrician-gynecologists (Jamieson et al). 2006;194:1546-55 (Review article) Women's health Preventive ethics for including women of childbearing potential in clinical trials (McCullough et al). 2006;194:1221-7 (Clin. opinion) Women's health 18 years after rupture of the anal sphincter during childbirth: I. fecal incontinence (Faltin et al). 2006;194:1255-9 Women's health services A comprehensive women's health care center: are gynecologists offering primary care? (Lentz et al). 2006;194:1660-7 Workload The perceived impact of duty hour restrictions on the residency environment: a survey of residency program directors (Nuthalapaty et al). 2006;194:1556-62 (Education) The scope of duty hour–associated residency structure modifications (Nuthalapaty et al). 2006;194:282-8 (Education) World Health Organization World Health Organization randomized trial of calcium supplementation among low calcium intake pregnant women (Villar et al). 2006;194:639-49 Wound healing Biomechanical characterization of vaginal versus abdominal surgical wound healing in the rabbit (Abramov et al). 2006;194:1472-7 Uterine dehiscence in term pregnant patients with one previous cesarean delivery: growth factor immunoexpression and collagen content in the scarred lower uterine segment (Pollio et al). 2006;194:527-34 Wounds and injuries Anal sphincter defects and bowel symptoms in women with and without recognized anal sphincter trauma (Nichols et al). 2006;194:1450-4

Zingiber officinale; see Ginger