Analysis of the Malignancy Risk of Endometriosis and Ovarian Cancer Related to Endometriosis-associated Ovarian Cancer: A Histopathological Review and Genetic Mutation

Eriana Melinawati, Heru Priyanto, Uki Retno Budihastuti, Affi Angelia Ratnasari, Grace KT Siagian, Ichsanul Amy Himawan, Alfian A Sunanto, Yonathan S Pratama
In: Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · 2025 · vol. 17(1) , pp. 34–38 · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10006-2600 · W4409375365
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Histopathological analysis and ARID1A, BRAF, and p53 gene mutations were assessed as biomarkers to predict malignant transformation from endometriosis to endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer.

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Abstract

Aims and background: Ovarian cancer and endometriosis are common in Indonesia, with 13,310 new ovarian cancer cases reported annually and an endometriosis prevalence ranging from 13.6 to 69.5%.Endometriosis can lead to endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC), yet the relationship between EAOC risk and genetic mutations, such as AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A), B-raf proto-oncogene (BRAF), and p53 remains unexplored.This study aims to evaluate and predict the risk of malignancy in EAOC through histopathological analysis and genetic mutation testing.Materials and methods: At Dr Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta, Indonesia, we involved 60 patients with endometriosis and ovarian cancer in an observational analytical study with a retrospective case-control design.Our study investigates the risk of EAOC and examines the impact of histopathological findings and ARID1A, BRAF, and p53 gene mutations.We used histopathological exams to analyze the samples.For statistical analysis, we employed the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.Results: A significant difference (p < 0.001) in the expression of ARID1A, BRAF, and p53 genes was observed across different histopathological types of endometriosis and ovarian cancer.Conclusion: Histopathological analysis of endometriosis types, along with the expression of ARID1A, BRAF, and p53 mutations, could act as biomarkers for predicting the malignant transformation into ovarian cancer (EAOC).Clinical significance: These gene expressions are associated with the risk of progression from both typical and atypical endometriosis to ovarian cancer or EAOC.

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endometriosis

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