Studies on Mealybug Species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) with Description of Two New Species and Three Newly Recorded Species from Indonesia

Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) include economically important insect pests worldwide. However, little is known about mealybug species in Indonesia . Scale insects were collected and identified from natural and cultivated plants in several regions of southern Sumatra, Indonesia between 2018 and 2019. In total, 16 species of Pseudococcidae in 7 genera were found, including two new species and three new records for the Indonesian mealybug fauna. Dysmicoccus sosromarson oae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n., and Dysmicoccus zeynepae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n. are described and illustrated as new species for science -based on the adult female. Furthermore, Dysmicoccus arachidis Williams and Dysmicoccus carens Williams and Pseudococcus leptotrichotus Williams were found as new records for the country. New locality and host plant data are given for all species. Additionall y, an identification key to mealybug genera occurring in Indonesia is also provided.

Biodiversity, host plant, insect pests, mealybugs, taxonomy.

Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha), whose members are known as mealybugs (Hemiptera: Sternorryncha: Coccomorpha) is one of the families of scale insect which include many important insect pests on woody and herbaceous plants. These insects not only directly injure and feed their host plants but also indirectly promote sooty mold growth and transmit plant viruses (Franco et al., 2009, Daane et al., 2012). To date, there are 2032 species in 258 genera of Pseudoccidae in the world and this is the second abundant family after the Diaspididae which consists of about 2653 species in 418 gener a (Garcia et al., 2016). In Indonesia, there are 105 species in 32 genera of Pseudococcidae and this is also the second -largest family after Diaspididae with 158 species in 44 genera recorded in this archipelago country (Garcia et al., 2016). From the fami ly Pseudococcidae, Dysmicoccus Ferris (9 species), Paraputo Laing (13 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546 species), Planococcus Ferris (6 species), Pseudococcus Westwood (13 species), and Rastrococcus Ferris (14 species) are the most species -rich and harmful genera in Idonesia(Williams, 2004; Garcia et al., 2016). As a tropical climate country located along major sea lanes connecting East Asia, South Asia and Oceania , it is not surprising that Indonesia has a flooding number of indigenous plants, vertebrates and invertebrates including insect richness (McNeely et al. 1990; CBD Secretariat 2021). The first exploration of insect richness, including mealybugs in Indonesia was started in the British, Dutch and Japan colonial -era, resulting many new Indonesian native fauna species. However, the onl y comprehensive review of mealybugs species was one published in the monograph by Williams (2004). The study had been reported by Dammerman (1929), Wirjati (1958; 1959), and Kalshoven (1981), then continued by Reyne (1954; 1957; 1961; 1965), Muniappan et al. (2008; 2011; 2012), Sartiami et al. (2016), Gavrilov-Zimin (2013; 2017; 2019; 2020; 2021) and Zarkani et al. (2020; 2021), which have made several additional records to the scale insect fauna. Generally, over 16 years the number of described scale insec t species in Indonesia has increased slowly by 53 species (Garcia et al. 2016). Nowadays, studies of Scale Insect species are still incomplete and irregular. In the present paper, two new species and three newly recorded species from Indonesia, and an identification key and new additional locality records for the currently known Pseudococcidae species are provided and discussed.

Sample collection. Mealybugs (nymphs and adult females) were collected from tropical plants located in sever al regions of southern Sumatra, Indonesia between April 2018 and October 2019. Specimens were collected from the infested parts of the plants (fruits, trunks, and leaves) and taken to the Laboratory of Plant Protection, University of Bengkulu for examinati on. For species determination, nymphs were reared on the respective fruits (at 25 ± 1 °C, 70% relative humidity and of 16:8 h light: dark photoperiod) until they reached the adult stage. Labeled specimens were killed and stored in 95% ethyl alcohol. Morphological identification . Adult females specimens were slide -mounted and identified by light microscopy in the Plant Protection Department of the University of Bengkulu, using the method of Kosztarab & Kozár (1988) with some modifications (using distilled water after KOH and cleaning the specimens using a fine brush). The Mealybugs were examined under a phase -contrast compound microscope (Olympus BX41) and identified using the keys of Williams (2004), Cox & Ben -Dov (1986), Granara de Willink (2009), Granara de Willink & Szumik (2007) and Kaydan & Gullan (2012). Morphometric analysis. For description of the new species, the main taxonomic characters of the adult females were evaluated and quantified under a compound microscope. The morphological terms used here are those used by Williams (2004) and Williams & Gr anara de Willink (1992). All the measurements given are for the maximum dimensions (e.g., body width was recorded at the widest part) and are expressed as ranges. Tarsal length excludes the claw. Setal length includes the setal base. Cerarii are numbered as described by Williams & Granara de Willink (1992), with cerarius 1 on the head, anterior to the antenna, and cerarius 17 being on abdominal segment VIII. An illustration is provided for the new species. The figure represents the Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546 holotype, used for descri ption. The illustration is split longitudinally, with the left half representing the dorsum and the right half the venter. Structural details are shown as enlargements around the central drawing, and are not drawn to the same scale. The translucent pores on the hind legs which are mostly found on the dorsal surface, but they are illustrated ventrally on the main figure for convenience.

and Discussion In this study a total of 149 samples were collected from southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Among these samples, 16 species were identified, of which 2 species are new to science and 3 species are new records for the Indonesian scale insect fauna. The identified specimens consist of the genus Dysmicoccus (5 species), Ferrisia (2 species), Nipaecoccus (1 specie s), Paracoccus (1 species), Planococcus (2 species), Pseudococcus (2 species) and Rastrococcus (4 species). The species marked below with an asterisk (*) are recorded for the first time from Indonesia. Key to adult females of Pseudococcidae genera occurrin g on fruit trees in Indonesia [adapted from Williams, 2004, Williams & Granara de Willink (1992) and Williams & Watson (1988)]. 1 Dorsal tubular ducts large, each with orifice surrounded by circular, sclerotized area containing 1 or more setae within its borders, or with the setae adjacent to the rim ............................................................................................... Ferrisia Cockerell - Dorsal tubular ducts, if present, without this combination of characters ............... 2 2 Cerarii always conspicuous, each bearing numerous truncate -conical setae, each cerarian seta flat at apex ............................................................. Rastrococcus Ferris - Cerarii, if present, normally bearing pointed, conical, lanceolate or flagellate setae, never truncate-conical ................................................................................... 3 3 Oral rim tubular ducts present .................................................................................. 4 Oral rim tubular ducts entirely absent ...................................................................... 5 4 Venter of each anal lobe with anal lobe bar and auxiliary setae present in anal lobe cerarii only. Cerarii numbering 12-17 pairs ............ Paracoccus Ezzat & McConnel Venter of each anal lobe with triangular to quadrate sclerotized area occupying much of lobe, never with an anal lobe bar only. Cerarii numbering 12-17 pairs ....... ........................................................................................... Pseudococcus Westwood 5 Anal lobe bars present. All abdominal cerarii each bearing 2 cerarian setae. Cerarii numbering 18 pairs ........................................................ Planococcus Ferris - Anal lobe bars absent. Cerarii numbering fewer than 18 pairs ............................... 6 6 Some or most dorsa l setae enlarged, conical to lanceolate, about same size as cerarian setae. Cerarii numbering less than 18 pairs. Anal lobe cerarii each usually bearing 2 or 3 broadly lanceolate or conical setae ....................... Nipaecoccus Sulc - Dorsal setae either flagellate or conica l to lanceolate, all noticeably slender than cerarian setae. Cerarii numbering 8 -17 pairs. Anal lobe cerarii each bearing either 2 cerarian setae or as many as 8, these usually conical, sometimes replaced by flagellate setae ............................................................................ Dysmicoccus Ferris Genus Dysmicoccus Ferris Dysmicoccus Ferris, 1950 Type species: Dactylopius brevipes Cockerell by original designation. Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546 Generic diagnosis (adapted from Williams, 2004). Adult female description. Body normally broadly oval. Anal lobes usually developed, either membra nous or sclerotized, each lobe bearing normal apical seta. Ventral margin of abdominal segments always membranous anterior to anal lobes. Antennae each normally with 6 -8-segments. Legs well developed, translucent pores present or absent, tarsal digitules u sually knobbed, occasionally setose. Claw usually stout, claw denticle absent. Cerarii numbering 6 -17 pairs (never 18), always some cerarii each bearing either 2 cerarian setae or as many as 8, these usually conical, sometimes conical setae replaced by fla gellate setae but cerarii always recognizable by concentrations of trilocular pores. Anterior cerarii each sometimes containing more than 2 setae. Circulus present or absent. Anal ring normally situated at apex of abdomen (rarely a short distance from apex ), usually bearing 6 setae, occasionally with multiple setae present. Anterior and posterior ostioles present. Dorsal setae variously shaped. Ventral setae flagellate. Trilocular pores present on dorsum and venter. Multilocular disc pores usually present, at least on venter. Quinquelocular pores always absent. Oral collar tubular ducts usually apparent, at least on venter, sometimes present on dorsum, rarely absent entirely. Oral rim tubular ducts always absent. Discodial pores present, sometimes large and occasionally present next to each eye. Key to adult females of Dysmicoccus genus found in Indonesia (adapted from Williams, 2004). 1 Circulus present ........................................................................................................ 2 - Circulus absent ....................................................................................................... 12 2 Cerarii numbering 7 pairs including frontal pair. Dorsal oral collar tubular du cts numerous, present in rows across most segments .................. D. boninsis (Kuwana) - Cerarii numbering more than 7 pairs. Oral collar tubular ducts, if present on dorsum, never forming rows across segments ......................................................... 3 3 Most cerarii without auxiliary setae ......................................................................... 4 - Most cerarii with auxiliary setae .............................................................................. 5 4 Ventral oral collar tubular duct sparse, a few present in medial area of abdomen and on lateral margin of abdominal segment VI and posterior segments only, absent from head and thoracic margins .................................... D. carens (Williams) - Ventral oral coll ar tubular duct more numerous, present in rows across most abdominal segments to lateral margin, and around lateral margins forwards to head and thorax ...................................................................... D. arachidis Williams 5 With series of large oral collar tubular ducts around dorsal lateral margins, ea ch about twice as wide as trilocolar pore, present around dorsal lateral margins .......... .................................................................................................. D. lepelleyi (Betrem) - Without a series of large oral collar tubular ducts, around dorsal lateral margins 6 6 Anal lobe cerarii each containing a group of about 2-7 conical setae ..................... 7 - Anal lobe cerarii each containing 2 conical setae .................................................... 8 7 Multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts absent on dorsum. A few multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts on venter…D. finitimus Williams Multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts present in both dorsum and ventral ............................................. D. sosromarsonoae Zarkani & Kaydan, sp.n Multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts absent on dorsum. A few multilocular disc pores without oral collar tubular ducts on venter ........................... ..................................................................... D. zeynepae Zarkani & Kaydan, sp.n Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546 8 Abdominal cerarii anterior to anal lobe pair, with 2 conical setae except for an occasional cerarius with only a single conical seta .................................................. 9 - Some abdominal cerarii, anterior to anal lobe pair, each usually containing more than 2 conical setae ................................................................................................ 10 9 Dorsal setae never thick or conical; all dorsal setae flagellate................................... ........................................................................................... D. debregeasiae (Green) - Dorsal marginal setae, including auxiliary setae, about same length as other dorsal setae or only slightly longer ................................................. D. orchidium WIlliams 10 Dorsal setae on abdominal segment VIII, anterior to anal ring, longer than other dorsal setae, almost as long as anal ring setae. .................... D. brevipes (Cockerell) - Dorsal setae on abdominal segment VIII, anterior to anal ring, short, about same size as other dorsal setae. ................................................. D. neobrevipes Beardsley Dysmicoccus sosromarsonoae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n. (Figure 1)

examined. Holotype, adult female: INDONESIA: left label: AZ203/ Sumatra/ Bengkulu/ Arecaceae/ Elaeis guineensis Jacq./ 2.ii.2018/ 03°59'07"S, 102°25'37"E/ coll. A. Zarkani; right label: Holotype/ Dysmicoccus sosromarson oae sp. n. Zarkani & Kaydan. Paratypes, 2 adult females, same data as holotype (AZ203), deposited in the Mealybugs Museum, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu, Bengkulu, INDONESIA (MMUB). Adult female description. Body oval, 1.98–2.42 mm long, 1.38–1.48 mm wide. Eyes situated on margins, each 25 –30 μm wide. Antenna 7 -segmented, 270 –280 μm long, with 4 fleshy setae each 22.5–30.0 μm long; apical segment 75–90 μm long, 22.5– 30.0 μm wide, with apical 27.5 –30 μm long. Clypeolabral shield 220 –230 μm long, 175–185 μm wide. Labium 3 -segmented, 110–120 μm long, 80 –85 μm wide. Anterior spiracles each 60 –65 μm long, 20 –25 μm wide across atrium; pos terior spiracles each 75.0–85.0 μm long, 40 –45 μm wide across atrium. Circulus 80 –110 μm wide. Legs well-developed; segment lengths for posterior leg: coxa 115 –135 μm, trochanter + femur 205–220 μm, tibia + tarsus 160 –170 μm, claw 27.5 –30.0 μm. Ratio of le ngth of tibia + tarsus to trochanter + femur, 0.77 –0.78:1; ratio of length of tibia to tarsus, 1.2 – 1.4:1; ratio of length of trochanter + femur to greatest width of femur, 3.41–3.60:1; coxa with 30 –50 translucent pores, plus 40 –50 translucent pores present surrounding each coxa. Tarsal digitules capitate, each 27.5 –30.0 μm long. Claw digitules capitate, each about 22.5–25.0 μm long. Both pairs of ostioles present, anterior ostioles each with a total for both lips of 28 –40 trilocular pores and 4 –6 setae; posterior ostioles each with a total for both lips of 58 –60 trilocular pores and 6 –8 setae. Anal ring about 95 μm wide, with 6 setae, each seta 160–165 μm long. Dorsum. Derm membranous, with 16 pairs of cerarii around body margin, each cerarius with 2–5 cerarian setae and 3–5 auxiliary setae. Each anal lobe cerarius set on membranous cuticle and containing 3 –5 enlarged setae 25 –30 μm long, plus 55 –57 trilocular pores and 3 –5 hair-like auxiliary setae. Dorsal setae short and flagellate, each 30–110 μm long, sc attered throughout dorsum. Trilocular pores, each 3 –4 μm in diameter, scattered. A few multilocular disc pores present. Venter. Setae flagellate, each 30–110 μm long, longest setae located medially on head. Apical setae of anal lobe each 125 –150 μm long. Multilocular disc pores, each 7– 8 μm in diameter, present throughout venter, numbers on each abdominal segment as follow: I–III each with 60 –70, IV 20 –24, V 38 –43, VI 100 –110, VII 90 –98, VIII + IX 36–38 and 125 –145 on thorax and head. Trilocular pores, each 2.5–3.0 μm across, Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546 scattered throughout venter. Oral collar tubular ducts each 8 –10 μm long, 4–5 μm wide, present throughout, but in bands across abdominal segments, as follows: VI 21, VII 15, VIII + IX 14. Comments. Dysmicoccus sosromarson oae Zarkani & K aydan sp. n., is most similar to D. finitimus Williams in having anal lobe cerarii each containing a group of about 2-7 conical setae. However, D. sosromarsonoae can be readily distinguished from D. finitimus in having multilocular disc pores and oral coll ar tubular ducts present in both dorsum and venter. Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Soemartono Sosromarsono, the first Indonesian entomologist. Host plants. Elaeis guineensis (Figure 2) Distribution. Indonesia (Bengkulu province). Dysmicoccus zeynepae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n. (Figure. 3)

examined. Holotype, adult female: INDONESIA: left label: AZ205/ Sumatra/ Bengkulu/ Malvaceae/ Durio zibethinus Murr./ 4.ii.2018/ 03°34'54.4"S, 102°38'33"E/ coll. A. Zarkani; right label: Holotype/ Dysmicoccus zeynepaea sp. n. Zarkani & Kaydan. Paratypes, 5 adult females, same data as holotype (AZ205); 3 adult females: INDONESIA, AZ206/ Sumatra/ Bengkulu/ Meliaceae/ Lansium parasiticum Corr./ 11.ii.2018/ 03°59'28.0"S 102°25'50.4"E/ coll. A. Zarkani; 3 adult females: INDONESIA, AZ207/ Sumatra/ Bengkulu/ Sapotaceae/ Manilkara zapota L. / 12.ii.2018/ 04°00'05.7"S 102°26'52.1"E/ coll. A. Zarkani; 3 adult females: INDONESIA, AZ208/ Sumatra/ Bengkulu/ Rubiaceae/ Coffea robusta Lindl.Ex De Will./ 19.ii.2018/ 03°36'1 5.4"S 102°36'30.8"E/ coll. A. Zarkani. Holotype and Paratypes are deposited in the MMUB (INDONESIA). Adult female description. Body oval, 1.95–2.54 mm long, 1.64–2.25 mm wide. Eyes situated on margins, each 42 –45 μm wide. Antenna 8 -segmented, 340 –380 μm long, with 4 fleshy setae each 22.5–25.0 μm long; apical segment 75–80 μm long, 27.5– 30.0 μm wide, with apical 30 –35 μm long. Clypeolabral shield 200 –220 μm long, 175 – 185 μm wide. Labium 3 -segmented, 110 –120 μm long, 80 –85 μm wide. Anterior spiracles each 8 5–90 μm long, 45 –50 μm wide across atrium; posterior spiracles each 95.0–115.0 μm long, 55 –60 μm wide across atrium. Circulus 80 –110 μm wide. Legs well-developed; segment lengths for posterior leg: coxa 160 –175 μm, trochanter + femur 145–155 μm, tibia + ta rsus 175–180 μm, claw 35.0 –37.5 μm. Ratio of length of tibia + tarsus to trochanter + femur, 1.77 –1.78:1; ratio of length of tibia to tarsus, 1.2 – 1.4:1; ratio of length of trochanter + femur to greatest width of femur, 2.41–2.60:1; coxa with 30 –50 transluc ent pores. Tarsal digitules capitate, each 35 –40 μm long. Claw digitules capitate, each about 27.5–30.0 μm long. Both pairs of ostioles present, anterior ostioles each with a total for both lips of 28 –40 trilocular pores and 4 –6 setae; posterior ostioles each with a total for both lips of 58 –60 trilocular pores and 6–8 setae. Anal ring about 70 μm wide, with 6 setae, each seta 80–90 μm long. Dorsum. Derm membranous, with 16 pairs of cerarii around body margin, each cerarius with 4–7 cerarian setae and 3–5 auxiliary setae. Each anal lobe cerarius set on membranous cuticle and containing 5 –7 enlarged setae 25 –35 μm long, plus 40 –45 trilocular pores and 3–5 hair-like auxiliary setae. Dorsal setae flagellate, each 15–75 μm long, scattered throughout dorsum. Trilocular pores, each 3–4 μm in diameter, scattered. Multilocular disc pores absent. Venter. Setae flagellate, each 30–110 μm long, longest setae located medially on head. Apical setae of anal lobe each 80 –90 μm long. Multilocular disc pores, each 7 –8 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546 μm in diameter, present only around the vulva, 8 –10 in numbers. Trilocular pores, each 2.5–3.0 μm across, scattered throughout venter. Oral collar tubular ducts absent. Comments. Dysmicoccus zeynepae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n., is most similar to D. finitimus Williams in having anal lobe cerarii each containing a group of about 2 -7 conical setae. However, D. zeynepae can be readily distinguished from D. finitimus in having: (i) no multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts on dorsum; (ii) a few multilocular disc pores without oral collar tubular ducts on venter. Etymology. This species is named after Zeynep Kaydan (mother of Kaydan’s Lab.), Zeynep Güleç and Zeynep Kaya whom are good friends. Host plant. Durio zibethinus, L. parasiticum, M. zapota., C. robusta (Figure 4). Distribution. Indonesia (Bengkulu province). *Dysmicoccus arachidis Williams

examined. Bengkulu province: 6 ♀♀, Kabawetan, Kepahiang district, Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore, 600 m a.s.l, 0 3°34'54.4"S, 102°35'33"E, 12.vi.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ80˗81). This is a newly recorded species from Indonesia and the second record after Williams (2004) who previously reported this species in India (Tripura) on Arachis hypogaea L. There is little information available about D. arachidis. Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell)

examined. Bengkulu province: 3 ♀♀, Slebar, Bengkulu city, Syzygium aqueum Alston, 20 m a.s.l, 03°49'25.2"S, 102°19'08.7"E, 10.vii.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ210). The species is polyphagous on ornamentals and fruits within 62 families and 147 genera. Cosmopolitan, found in 126 countries. Distribution in Indonesia: Iria n Jaya (Williams & Watson, 1988a), Java (Ben -Dov, 1994; Betrem, 1937; Williams, 2004), Sumatra (Williams, 2004). *Dysmicoccus carens Williams

examined . Bengkulu province: 3 ♀♀, Sukaraja, Seluma district, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L., 10 m a.s.l, 03°59'07"S, 102°25'37"E, 15.vi.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ82˗83). The species was recorded previously in Bangladesh (North) on Andropogon squarrosus L.; India (New Delhi) on Setaria verticillata L. (Grasses), (Orissa) on grass, (Tamil Nadu) on Saccharum officinarum L., Cymbopogon sp. Chloris barbata Sw.; Pakistan (Rawalpindi) on Sorghum nitidum Pers., S. sudanensis (Piper) Hitch, (Mona ) on Arundo donax L., (Lasbela, Ambagh) on Panicum antidotale Retz.; Sri Lanka (Uva province, Wellawa, Kokagala) on grass (Williams, 2004; Kaydan et al., 2004; Garcia et al., 2016). This is a newly recorded species from Indonesia. Dysmicoccus lepelleyi (Betrem) Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546

examined . Bengkulu province: 3 ♀♀, Slebar, Bengkulu city, Manilkara zapota L., 20 m a.s.l, 03°49'25.2"S 102°19'08.7"E , 10.vii.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ230). This is polyphagous species on ornamentals and fruits within 17 families of plants such as Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Arecaceae, Asparagaceae, Clusiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fagaceae, Malvaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Musaceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, and Zingiberaceae. In Indonesia, the species was recorded pr eviously from Java (Ben -Dov, 1994; Betrem, 1937; Williams, 2004), Lombok (Williams, 2004), Sumatra (Williams, 2004). It is also found in neighboring countries such as Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Ferrisia dasylirii (Cockerell)

examined . Bengkulu province: 6 ♀♀, Muara Bangkahulu, Bengkulu city, Solanum torvum Swartz, Theobroma cacao L., 20 m a.s.l. 3°45'33.0"S, 102°16'10.1"E, 3.vii.2019, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ245-246). Polyphagous on ornamentals and fruits and known from 23 families and 52 genera. In Indonesia, the species was recorded previously from Sumatra (Zarkani et al., 2020) Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell)

examined . Bengkulu province: 3 ♀♀, Muara Bangkahulu, Bengkulu city, Psidium guajava L., 20 m a.s.l., 03°45'3 3.0"S, 102°16'10.1"E, 5.iii.2019, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ247). Polyphagous on ornamentals and fruits; known from 78 plant families and 207 genera. Cosmopolitan: recorded from 101 countries. In Indonesia, the species was recorded previously in Irian Jaya (Gavr ilov-Zimin, 2013; Williams & Watson, 1988a), Java (Ben -Dov, 1994; Betrem, 1937; Keuchenius, 1915; Ali, 1968; Williams, 2004), Sulawesi (Williams, 2004). Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead)

examined . Bengkulu province: 3 ♀♀, Kampung Melayu, Bengkulu cit y, Citrus sp., 10 m a.s.l, 03°54'16.5"S 102°19'11.7"E , 18.ii.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ211). Polyphagous on ornamentals and fruits; recorded from 45 plant families and 114 genera. Cosmopolitan; reported from 63 countries. In Indonesia, the species was recorded previously in Irian Jaya (Ben-Dov, 1994; CABI, 1983), Java (Ben-Dov, 1994; CABI, 1983; Williams, 2004), and Sulawesi (Williams, 2004). Paracoccus evae Williams

examined. Bengkulu province: 3 ♀♀, Sukaraja, Seluma district, Melastoma malabathricum L, 50 m a.s.l, 03°52'00.4"S, 102°22'51.2"E , 23.vii.2019, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ249). This is the second report from Indonesia after Williams (2004) found the species in Java on Eupatorium sp., Poaceae. Planococcus dischidiae (Takahashi) Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546

examine d. Bengkulu province: 1 ♀, Kabawetan, Kepahiang district, C. robusta, 600 m a.s.l, 0 3°34'54.4"S, 102°35'33"E, 12.vi.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ235 - 239). Planococcus dischidiae was firstly found on Dischidia sp. The previous record was from Indonesia (Sulaw esi) (Ben -Dov, 1994; Cox, 1989; Williams, 2004) and Malaysia (Ben-Dov, 1994; Takahashi, 1951). Planococcus lilacinus (Cockerell)

examined . Bengkulu province: 1 ♀, Muara Bangkahulu, Bengkulu city, Saraca asoca (Roxb.), 20 m a.s.l., 03°45'33.0"S, 102°16'10.1"E, 10.ii.2019 & 15.iii.2020, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ313). Polyphagous on ornamentals and fruits; recorded from 73 families and 196 genera. Cosmopolitan: reported from 64 countries. In Indonesia, the species was recorded previously in Irian Jaya ( Ben-Dov, 1994 ) (Williams et al, 1988a), Java (Williams, 2004 ), Kalimantan ( Ben-Dov, 1994 ), ( Cox, 1989), Lombok (Williams, 2004), Sulawesi (Williams, 2004 ), Sumatra ( Ben-Dov, 1994 ; Cox, 1989; Williams, 2004). Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel & Miller

examined . Bengkulu province: 1 ♀, Kabawetan, Kepahiang district, Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) DR Hunt, 600 m a.s.l, 0 3°34'54.4"S, 102°35'33"E, 10.vii.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ227). Polyphagous on ornamentals and fruits; reported from 52 families and 1 12 genera. Cosmopolitan: reported from 52 countries. In Indonesia, the species was recorded previously in Flores (Gavrilov -Zimin, 2017), Irian Jaya (Gavrilov -Zimin, 2013), Java (Williams, 2004) *Pseudococcus leptotrichotus Williams

examined . Bengkulu province: 12 ♀♀, Kabawetan, Kepahiang district, C. robusta, 600 m a.s.l, 0 3°34'54.4"S, 102°35'33"E, 12.vi.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ235 - 239). This is the first mealybug species recorded from Indonesia which was previously reported in Malaysia (Sarawak ) in a leaf nest of Oecophylla sp. ants. In these specimens, P. leptotrichotus were collected on leaf nest on coffee leaves of Oecophylla sp. ants and from a soil nest on coffee berries and trees of unidentified black ants. Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti)

examined. Bengkulu province: 3 ♀♀, Muara Bangkahulu, Bengkulu city, Theobroma cacao L., 20 m a.s.l., 03°45'33.0"S, 102°16'10.1"E, 5.iii.2019, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ247). Polyphagous on ornamentals and fruits; recorded from 84 families and 167 genera. Cosmopolitan: reported from 115 countries. In Indonesia, the species was recorded previously in Irian Jaya (Ben -Dov, 1994; Williams, 1988a), Java (Ben -Dov, 1994; Betrem, 1937), Lombok (Williams, 2004), Sulawesi (Watson et al ., 2014), and Sumatra (Green, 1930). Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546 Rastrococcus chinensis Ferris

examined . Bengkulu province: 12 ♀♀, Singaran Pati, Bengkulu city, Nephelium lappaceum L., 20 m a.s.l., 03°48'57.9"S, 102°18'38.9"E, 12.vi.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ168-170. The species was recor ded previously on Alocasia sp., Ardisia lindleyana D. Dietr., Eugenia sp., Melastoma malabathricum L., Morinda umbellata L., Psychotria asiatica L., Syzygium sp., Syzygium anomalum Lauterb., Syzygium hancei Merr. & Perry. The species was recorded previousl y in Brunei, China, and Malaysia. In Indonesia, the species was recorded previously in Java (Ben-Dov, 1994; Williams,1989; 2004a). Rastrococcus invadens Williams

examined . Bengkulu province: 12 ♀♀, Kabawetan, Kepahiang district, Mangifera indica L., 600 m a.s.l., 0 3°34'54.4"S, 102°35'33"E, 12.vi.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ235-239). Polyphagous on ornamentals and fruits; recorded from 29 families and 54 genera. Cosmopolitan on 32 countries. In Indonesia, the species was recorded previously in Bali (B en-Dov, 1994; Williams, 1989; Williams, 2004), Java (Ben -Dov, 1994; Williams, 1989, 2004). Rastrococcus tropicasiaticus Williams

examined . Bengkulu province: 1 ♀, Air Periukan, Seluma district, Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) M. Jacobs, 10 m a.s.l., 3° 59'07.1"S, 102°25'37.4"E, 1.v.2019, Coll. A. Zarkani, (AZ336). Zarkani et al . (2021) reported R. tropicasiaticus on A. excelsa (Meliaceae), Cerbera manghas L. (Apocynaceae), Dimocarpus longan Lour. (Sapindaceae), Ficus sp. (Moraceae), and Tectona grandis L. (Lamiaceae) for the first time in Indonesia (Bengkulu). T he species is also known to live on woody plants and wild grass in southern Asia such as Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank Dr. Takumasa Kondo (Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Agrosavia, Colombia), for his kind help and for critical reading of the manuscript. The project was financially supported by the Research and Community Service Centre, Lembaga Penelitan dan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat (LPPM), The University of Bengkulu with grants No. SP. DIPA -041.012.400977/2020. The writing manuscript was assisted by WCP Dikti Program 2021.

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(2021) First record of Rastrococcus tropicasiaticus Williams (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) in Indonesia. In press: Serangga, 26 (2). Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546 FIGURE 1 . Adult female Dysmicoccus sosromarsonoae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n. Holotype Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546 FIGURE 2. Dysmicoccus sosromarson oae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n. on Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546 FIGURE 3. Adult female Dysmicoccus zeynepae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n. Holotype. Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546 FIGURE 4. Dysmicoccus zeynepae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n. on (A) Lansium parasiticum Corr., (B) Coffea robusta Lindl.Ex De Will, (C) Manilkara zapota L., and (D) Durio zibethinus Murr. Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546 Author-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546