{"paper_id":"091f3fb6-bdde-4ab2-a0b1-0553bd8cf667","body_text":"Studies on Mealybug Species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) with \nDescription of Two New Species and Three Newly Recorded Species from \nIndonesia  \n \nAGUSTIN ZARKANI1*, CANSU ERCAN2, DWINARDI APRIYANTO1, AND \nMEHMET BORA KAYDAN2 \n1Department of Plant Pr otection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu, \n383711, Bengkulu, Indonesia.  \nEmail: agustinzarkani@unib.ac.id; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9837-5019 \nEmail: dwinardi2018@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5286-9010 \n2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, \nTurkey.  \nEmail: ferit.turanli@ege.edu.tr; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1096-1756 \n3Biotechnology Develo pment and Research Centre, Çukurova University, 01250, \nAdana, Turkey.  \nEmail: cansuercann01@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3516-9183 \nEmail: bkaydan@cu.edu.tr; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0677-255X \n* Correspondence: agustinzarkani@unib.ac.id \n \n \nAbstract \n \nMealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) include economically important insect \npests worldwide. However,  little is known about mealybug species in Indonesia . Scale insects \nwere collected and identified from natural and cultivated plants in several regions of southern \nSumatra, Indonesia between 2018 and 2019. In total, 16 species of Pseudococcidae in 7 genera  \nwere found, including two new species and three new records for the Indonesian mealybug \nfauna. Dysmicoccus sosromarson oae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n., and Dysmicoccus zeynepae \nZarkani & Kaydan sp. n. are described and illustrated as new species for science -based on the \nadult female. Furthermore, Dysmicoccus arachidis Williams and Dysmicoccus carens Williams \nand Pseudococcus leptotrichotus Williams were found as new records for the country. New \nlocality and host plant data are given for all species. Additionall y, an identification key to \nmealybug genera occurring in Indonesia is also provided. \nKeywords: Biodiversity, host plant, insect pests, mealybugs, taxonomy. \nIntroduction \nPseudococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha), whose members are known as mealybugs \n(Hemiptera: Sternorryncha: Coccomorpha) is one of the families of scale insect which \ninclude many important insect pests on woody and herbaceous plants. These insects not \nonly directly injure and feed their host plants but also indirectly promote sooty mold \ngrowth and transmit plant viruses (Franco et al., 2009, Daane et al., 2012).  \nTo date, there are 2032 species in 258 genera of Pseudoccidae in the world and \nthis is the second abundant family after the Diaspididae which consists of about 2653 \nspecies in 418 gener a (Garcia et al., 2016). In Indonesia, there are 105 species in 32 \ngenera of Pseudococcidae and this is also the second -largest family after Diaspididae \nwith 158 species in 44 genera recorded in this archipelago country (Garcia et al., 2016). \nFrom the fami ly Pseudococcidae, Dysmicoccus Ferris (9 species), Paraputo Laing (13 \nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\nspecies), Planococcus Ferris (6 species), Pseudococcus Westwood (13 species), and \nRastrococcus Ferris (14 species) are the most species -rich and harmful genera in \nIdonesia(Williams, 2004; Garcia et al., 2016). \nAs a tropical climate country located  along major sea lanes connecting East \nAsia, South Asia and Oceania , it is not surprising that Indonesia has a flooding number \nof indigenous plants, vertebrates and invertebrates including insect  richness (McNeely \net al. 1990; CBD Secretariat 2021). The first exploration of insect richness, including \nmealybugs in Indonesia was started in the British, Dutch and Japan colonial -era, \nresulting many new Indonesian native fauna species. However, the onl y comprehensive \nreview of mealybugs species was one published in the monograph by Williams (2004). \nThe study had been reported by Dammerman (1929), Wirjati (1958; 1959), and \nKalshoven (1981), then continued by Reyne (1954; 1957; 1961; 1965), Muniappan et \nal. (2008; 2011; 2012), Sartiami et al. (2016), Gavrilov-Zimin (2013; 2017; 2019; 2020; \n2021) and Zarkani et al. (2020; 2021), which have made several additional records to \nthe scale insect fauna. Generally, over 16 years the number of described scale insec t \nspecies in Indonesia has increased slowly by 53 species (Garcia et al. 2016). Nowadays, \nstudies of Scale Insect species are still incomplete and irregular. \nIn the present paper, two new species and three newly recorded species from \nIndonesia, and an identification key and new additional locality records for the currently \nknown Pseudococcidae species are provided and discussed. \nMaterials and Methods \nSample collection. Mealybugs (nymphs and adult females) were collected from tropical \nplants located in sever al regions of southern Sumatra, Indonesia between April 2018 \nand October 2019. Specimens were collected from the infested parts of the plants \n(fruits, trunks, and leaves) and taken to the Laboratory of Plant Protection, University of \nBengkulu for examinati on. For species determination, nymphs were reared on the \nrespective fruits (at 25 ± 1 °C, 70% relative humidity and of 16:8 h light: dark \nphotoperiod) until they reached the adult stage. Labeled specimens were killed and \nstored in 95% ethyl alcohol. \n \nMorphological identification . Adult females specimens were slide -mounted and \nidentified by light microscopy in the Plant Protection Department of the University of \nBengkulu, using the method of Kosztarab & Kozár (1988) with some modifications \n(using distilled water after KOH and cleaning the specimens using a fine brush). The \nMealybugs were examined under a phase -contrast compound microscope (Olympus \nBX41) and identified using the keys of Williams (2004), Cox & Ben -Dov (1986), \nGranara de Willink (2009), Granara de Willink & Szumik (2007) and Kaydan & Gullan \n(2012). \n \nMorphometric analysis. For description of the new species, the main taxonomic \ncharacters of the adult females were evaluated and quantified under a compound \nmicroscope. The morphological terms used here are those used by Williams (2004) and \nWilliams & Gr anara de Willink (1992). All the measurements given are for the \nmaximum dimensions (e.g., body width was recorded at the widest part) and are \nexpressed as ranges. Tarsal length excludes the claw. Setal length includes the setal \nbase. Cerarii are numbered as described by Williams & Granara de Willink (1992), with \ncerarius 1 on the head, anterior to the antenna, and cerarius 17 being on abdominal \nsegment VIII. An illustration is provided for the new species. The figure represents the \nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\nholotype, used for descri ption. The illustration is split longitudinally, with the left half \nrepresenting the dorsum and the right half the venter. Structural details are shown as \nenlargements around the central drawing, and are not drawn to the same scale. The \ntranslucent pores on the hind legs which are mostly found on the dorsal surface, but they \nare illustrated ventrally on the main figure for convenience. \nResults and Discussion \nIn this study a total of 149 samples were collected from southern Sumatra, Indonesia. \nAmong these samples, 16 species were identified, of which 2 species are new to science \nand 3 species are new records for the Indonesian scale insect fauna. The identified \nspecimens consist of the genus Dysmicoccus (5 species), Ferrisia (2 species), \nNipaecoccus (1 specie s), Paracoccus (1 species), Planococcus (2 species), \nPseudococcus (2 species) and Rastrococcus (4 species). The species marked below with \nan asterisk (*) are recorded for the first time from Indonesia. \nKey to adult females of Pseudococcidae genera occurrin g on fruit trees in \nIndonesia [adapted from Williams, 2004, Williams & Granara de Willink (1992) and \nWilliams & Watson (1988)]. \n \n1 Dorsal tubular ducts large, each with orifice surrounded by circular, sclerotized \narea containing 1 or more setae within its borders, or with the setae adjacent to the \nrim  ............................................................................................... Ferrisia Cockerell \n- Dorsal tubular ducts, if present, without this combination of characters  ...............  2 \n2 Cerarii always conspicuous, each bearing numerous truncate -conical setae, each \ncerarian seta flat at apex ............................................................. Rastrococcus Ferris \n- Cerarii, if present, normally bearing pointed, conical, lanceolate or flagellate \nsetae, never truncate-conical ...................................................................................  3 \n3 Oral rim tubular ducts present .................................................................................. 4 \n Oral rim tubular ducts entirely absent ...................................................................... 5 \n4 Venter of each anal lobe with anal lobe bar and auxiliary setae present in anal lobe \ncerarii only. Cerarii numbering 12-17 pairs ............ Paracoccus Ezzat & McConnel \n Venter of each anal lobe with triangular to quadrate sclerotized area occupying \nmuch of lobe, never with an anal lobe bar only. Cerarii numbering 12-17 pairs .......   \n  ........................................................................................... Pseudococcus Westwood \n5 Anal lobe bars present. All abdominal cerarii each bearing 2 cerarian setae. \nCerarii numbering 18 pairs ........................................................  Planococcus Ferris \n- Anal lobe bars absent. Cerarii numbering fewer than 18 pairs  ............................... 6 \n6 Some or most dorsa l setae enlarged, conical to lanceolate, about same size as \ncerarian setae. Cerarii numbering less than 18 pairs. Anal lobe cerarii each usually \nbearing 2 or 3 broadly lanceolate or conical setae .......................  Nipaecoccus Sulc \n- Dorsal setae either flagellate or conica l to lanceolate, all noticeably slender than \ncerarian setae. Cerarii numbering 8 -17 pairs. Anal lobe cerarii each bearing either \n2 cerarian setae or as many as 8, these usually conical, sometimes replaced by \nflagellate setae ............................................................................ Dysmicoccus Ferris \n \nGenus Dysmicoccus Ferris \nDysmicoccus Ferris, 1950 \nType species: Dactylopius brevipes Cockerell by original designation. \nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\nGeneric diagnosis (adapted from Williams, 2004).  \nAdult female  description. Body normally broadly oval. Anal lobes usually \ndeveloped, either membra nous or sclerotized, each lobe bearing normal apical seta. \nVentral margin of abdominal segments always membranous anterior to anal lobes. \nAntennae each normally with 6 -8-segments. Legs well developed, translucent pores \npresent or absent, tarsal digitules u sually knobbed, occasionally setose. Claw usually \nstout, claw denticle absent. Cerarii numbering 6 -17 pairs (never 18), always some \ncerarii each bearing either 2 cerarian setae or as many as 8, these usually conical, \nsometimes conical setae replaced by fla gellate setae but cerarii always recognizable by \nconcentrations of trilocular pores. Anterior cerarii each sometimes containing more than \n2 setae. Circulus present or absent. Anal ring normally situated at apex of abdomen \n(rarely a short distance from apex ), usually bearing 6 setae, occasionally with multiple \nsetae present. Anterior and posterior ostioles present. Dorsal setae variously shaped. \nVentral setae flagellate. Trilocular pores present on dorsum and venter. Multilocular \ndisc pores usually present, at least on venter. Quinquelocular pores always absent. Oral \ncollar tubular ducts usually apparent, at least on venter, sometimes present on dorsum, \nrarely absent entirely. Oral rim tubular ducts always absent. Discodial pores present, \nsometimes large and occasionally present next to each eye. \n \nKey to adult females of Dysmicoccus genus found in Indonesia (adapted from Williams, \n2004). \n \n1 Circulus present ........................................................................................................ 2 \n- Circulus absent ....................................................................................................... 12 \n2 Cerarii numbering 7 pairs including frontal pair. Dorsal oral collar tubular du cts \nnumerous, present in rows across most segments .................. D. boninsis (Kuwana) \n- Cerarii numbering more than 7 pairs. Oral collar tubular ducts, if present on \ndorsum, never forming rows across segments ......................................................... 3 \n3 Most cerarii without auxiliary setae ......................................................................... 4 \n- Most cerarii with auxiliary setae .............................................................................. 5 \n4 Ventral oral collar tubular duct sparse, a few present in medial area of abdomen \nand on lateral margin of abdominal segment VI and posterior segments only, \nabsent from head and thoracic margins .................................... D. carens (Williams) \n- Ventral oral coll ar tubular duct more numerous, present in rows across most \nabdominal segments to lateral margin, and around lateral margins forwards to \nhead and thorax ...................................................................... D. arachidis Williams \n5 With series of large oral collar tubular ducts around dorsal lateral margins, ea ch \nabout twice as wide as trilocolar pore, present around dorsal lateral margins  ..........  \n   .................................................................................................. D. lepelleyi (Betrem) \n- Without a series of large oral collar tubular ducts, around dorsal lateral margins    6 \n6 Anal lobe cerarii each containing a group of about 2-7 conical setae ..................... 7 \n- Anal lobe cerarii each containing 2 conical setae .................................................... 8 \n7 Multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts absent  on dorsum. A few \nmultilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts on venter…D. finitimus Williams \n Multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts present  in both dorsum and \nventral  ............................................. D. sosromarsonoae Zarkani & Kaydan, sp.n \n Multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts absent  on dorsum. A few \nmultilocular disc pores without oral collar tubular ducts on venter ...........................  \n  ..................................................................... D. zeynepae Zarkani & Kaydan, sp.n \nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\n8 Abdominal cerarii anterior to anal lobe pair, with 2 conical setae except for an \noccasional cerarius with only a single conical seta .................................................. 9 \n- Some abdominal cerarii, anterior to anal lobe pair, each usually containing  more \nthan 2 conical setae ................................................................................................ 10 \n9 Dorsal setae never thick or conical; all dorsal setae flagellate...................................  \n   ........................................................................................... D. debregeasiae (Green) \n- Dorsal marginal setae, including auxiliary setae, about same length as other dorsal \nsetae or only slightly longer ................................................. D. orchidium WIlliams \n10 Dorsal setae on abdominal segment VIII, anterior to anal ring, longer than other \ndorsal setae, almost as long as anal ring setae. .................... D. brevipes (Cockerell) \n- Dorsal setae on abdominal segment VIII, anterior to anal ring, short, about same \nsize as other dorsal setae. ................................................. D. neobrevipes Beardsley \nDysmicoccus sosromarsonoae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n.  \n(Figure 1) \nMaterial examined. Holotype, adult female: INDONESIA: left label: AZ203/ Sumatra/ \nBengkulu/ Arecaceae/ Elaeis guineensis Jacq./ 2.ii.2018/ 03°59'07\"S, 102°25'37\"E/ coll. \nA. Zarkani; right label: Holotype/ Dysmicoccus sosromarson oae sp. n. Zarkani & \nKaydan. Paratypes, 2 adult females, same data as holotype (AZ203), deposited in the \nMealybugs Museum, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University \nof Bengkulu, Bengkulu, INDONESIA (MMUB). \nAdult female description. Body oval, 1.98–2.42 mm long, 1.38–1.48 mm wide. \nEyes situated on margins, each 25 –30 μm wide. Antenna 7 -segmented, 270 –280 μm \nlong, with 4 fleshy setae each 22.5–30.0 μm long; apical segment 75–90 μm long, 22.5–\n30.0 μm wide, with apical 27.5 –30 μm long. Clypeolabral shield 220 –230 μm long, \n175–185 μm wide. Labium 3 -segmented, 110–120 μm long, 80 –85 μm wide. Anterior \nspiracles each 60 –65 μm long, 20 –25 μm wide across atrium; pos terior spiracles each \n75.0–85.0 μm long, 40 –45 μm wide across atrium. Circulus 80 –110 μm wide. Legs \nwell-developed; segment lengths for posterior leg: coxa 115 –135 μm, trochanter + \nfemur 205–220 μm, tibia + tarsus 160 –170 μm, claw 27.5 –30.0 μm. Ratio of le ngth of \ntibia + tarsus to trochanter + femur, 0.77 –0.78:1; ratio of length of tibia to tarsus, 1.2 –\n1.4:1; ratio of length of trochanter + femur to greatest width of femur, 3.41–3.60:1; coxa \nwith 30 –50 translucent pores, plus 40 –50 translucent pores present  surrounding each \ncoxa. Tarsal digitules capitate, each 27.5 –30.0 μm long. Claw digitules capitate, each \nabout 22.5–25.0 μm long. Both pairs of ostioles present, anterior ostioles each with a \ntotal for both lips of 28 –40 trilocular pores and 4 –6 setae; posterior ostioles each with a \ntotal for both lips of 58 –60 trilocular pores and 6 –8 setae. Anal ring about 95 μm wide, \nwith 6 setae, each seta 160–165 μm long.  \nDorsum. Derm membranous, with 16 pairs of cerarii around body margin, each \ncerarius with 2–5 cerarian setae and 3–5 auxiliary setae. Each anal lobe cerarius set on \nmembranous cuticle and containing 3 –5 enlarged setae 25 –30 μm long, plus 55 –57 \ntrilocular pores and 3 –5 hair-like auxiliary setae. Dorsal setae short and flagellate, each \n30–110 μm long, sc attered throughout dorsum. Trilocular pores, each 3 –4 μm in \ndiameter, scattered. A few multilocular disc pores present. \nVenter. Setae flagellate, each 30–110 μm long, longest setae located medially on \nhead. Apical setae of anal lobe each 125 –150 μm long. Multilocular disc pores, each 7–\n8 μm in diameter, present throughout venter, numbers on each abdominal segment as \nfollow: I–III each with 60 –70, IV 20 –24, V 38 –43, VI 100 –110, VII 90 –98, VIII + IX \n36–38 and 125 –145 on thorax and head. Trilocular pores, each  2.5–3.0 μm across, \nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\nscattered throughout venter. Oral collar tubular ducts each 8 –10 μm long, 4–5 μm wide, \npresent throughout, but in bands across abdominal segments, as follows: VI 21, VII 15, \nVIII + IX 14. \nComments. Dysmicoccus sosromarson oae Zarkani & K aydan sp. n., is most \nsimilar to D. finitimus Williams in having anal lobe cerarii each containing a group of \nabout 2-7 conical setae. However, D. sosromarsonoae can be readily distinguished from \nD. finitimus  in having multilocular disc pores and oral coll ar tubular ducts present in \nboth dorsum and venter. \nEtymology. This species is named after Dr. Soemartono Sosromarsono, the first \nIndonesian entomologist. \nHost plants. Elaeis guineensis (Figure 2) \nDistribution. Indonesia (Bengkulu province). \nDysmicoccus zeynepae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n. \n(Figure. 3) \nMaterial examined. Holotype, adult female: INDONESIA: left label: AZ205/ Sumatra/ \nBengkulu/ Malvaceae/ Durio zibethinus  Murr./ 4.ii.2018/ 03°34'54.4\"S, 102°38'33\"E/ \ncoll. A. Zarkani; right label: Holotype/ Dysmicoccus zeynepaea sp. n. Zarkani & \nKaydan. Paratypes, 5 adult females, same data as holotype (AZ205); 3 adult females: \nINDONESIA, AZ206/ Sumatra/ Bengkulu/ Meliaceae/ Lansium parasiticum Corr./ \n11.ii.2018/ 03°59'28.0\"S 102°25'50.4\"E/ coll. A. Zarkani; 3 adult  females: \nINDONESIA, AZ207/ Sumatra/ Bengkulu/ Sapotaceae/ Manilkara zapota L. / \n12.ii.2018/ 04°00'05.7\"S 102°26'52.1\"E/ coll. A. Zarkani; 3 adult females: \nINDONESIA, AZ208/ Sumatra/ Bengkulu/ Rubiaceae/ Coffea robusta Lindl.Ex De \nWill./ 19.ii.2018/ 03°36'1 5.4\"S 102°36'30.8\"E/ coll. A. Zarkani. Holotype and \nParatypes are deposited in the MMUB (INDONESIA). \n Adult female description. Body oval, 1.95–2.54 mm long, 1.64–2.25 mm wide. \nEyes situated on margins, each 42 –45 μm wide. Antenna 8 -segmented, 340 –380 μm \nlong, with 4 fleshy setae each 22.5–25.0 μm long; apical segment 75–80 μm long, 27.5–\n30.0 μm wide, with apical 30 –35 μm long. Clypeolabral shield 200 –220 μm long, 175 –\n185 μm wide. Labium 3 -segmented, 110 –120 μm long, 80 –85 μm wide. Anterior \nspiracles each 8 5–90 μm long, 45 –50 μm wide across atrium; posterior spiracles each \n95.0–115.0 μm long, 55 –60 μm wide across atrium. Circulus 80 –110 μm wide. Legs \nwell-developed; segment lengths for posterior leg: coxa 160 –175 μm, trochanter + \nfemur 145–155 μm, tibia + ta rsus 175–180 μm, claw 35.0 –37.5 μm. Ratio of length of \ntibia + tarsus to trochanter + femur, 1.77 –1.78:1; ratio of length of tibia to tarsus, 1.2 –\n1.4:1; ratio of length of trochanter + femur to greatest width of femur, 2.41–2.60:1; coxa \nwith 30 –50 transluc ent pores. Tarsal digitules capitate, each 35 –40 μm long. Claw \ndigitules capitate, each about 27.5–30.0 μm long. Both pairs of ostioles present, anterior \nostioles each with a total for both lips of 28 –40 trilocular pores and 4 –6 setae; posterior \nostioles each with a total for both lips of 58 –60 trilocular pores and 6–8 setae. Anal ring \nabout 70 μm wide, with 6 setae, each seta 80–90 μm long.  \nDorsum. Derm membranous, with 16 pairs of cerarii around body margin, each \ncerarius with 4–7 cerarian setae and 3–5 auxiliary setae. Each anal lobe cerarius set on \nmembranous cuticle and containing 5 –7 enlarged setae 25 –35 μm long, plus 40 –45 \ntrilocular pores and 3–5 hair-like auxiliary setae. Dorsal setae flagellate, each 15–75 μm \nlong, scattered throughout dorsum. Trilocular pores, each 3–4 μm in diameter, scattered. \nMultilocular disc pores absent.  \nVenter. Setae flagellate, each 30–110 μm long, longest setae located medially on \nhead. Apical setae of anal lobe each 80 –90 μm long. Multilocular disc pores, each 7 –8 \nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\nμm in diameter, present only around the vulva, 8 –10 in numbers. Trilocular pores, each \n2.5–3.0 μm across, scattered throughout venter. Oral collar tubular ducts absent.  \nComments. Dysmicoccus zeynepae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n., is most similar to \nD. finitimus Williams in having anal lobe cerarii each containing a group of about 2 -7 \nconical setae. However, D. zeynepae can be readily distinguished from D. finitimus in \nhaving: (i) no multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts on dorsum; (ii) a few \nmultilocular disc pores without oral collar tubular ducts on venter. \nEtymology. This species is named after Zeynep Kaydan (mother of Kaydan’s \nLab.), Zeynep Güleç and Zeynep Kaya whom are good friends.  \nHost plant. Durio zibethinus, L. parasiticum, M. zapota., C. robusta (Figure 4). \nDistribution. Indonesia (Bengkulu province). \n \n*Dysmicoccus arachidis Williams \nMaterial examined.  Bengkulu province: 6 ♀♀, Kabawetan, Kepahiang district, \nCrassocephalum crepidioides  (Benth.) S. Moore, 600 m a.s.l, 0 3°34'54.4\"S, \n102°35'33\"E, 12.vi.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ80˗81). \nThis is a newly recorded species from Indonesia and the second record after \nWilliams (2004) who previously reported this species in India (Tripura) on Arachis \nhypogaea L. There is little information available about D. arachidis.  \nDysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell) \nMaterial examined. Bengkulu province: 3 ♀♀, Slebar, Bengkulu city, Syzygium \naqueum Alston, 20 m a.s.l,  03°49'25.2\"S, 102°19'08.7\"E, 10.vii.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani \n(AZ210). \n The species is polyphagous on ornamentals and fruits within 62 families and 147 \ngenera. Cosmopolitan, found in 126 countries. Distribution in Indonesia: Iria n Jaya \n(Williams & Watson, 1988a), Java (Ben -Dov, 1994; Betrem, 1937; Williams, 2004), \nSumatra (Williams, 2004). \n \n*Dysmicoccus carens Williams \nMaterial examined . Bengkulu province: 3 ♀♀, Sukaraja, Seluma district, \nPsophocarpus tetragonolobus L., 10 m a.s.l, 03°59'07\"S, 102°25'37\"E, 15.vi.2018, Coll. \nA. Zarkani (AZ82˗83). \nThe species was recorded previously in Bangladesh (North) on Andropogon \nsquarrosus L.; India (New Delhi) on Setaria verticillata L. (Grasses), (Orissa) on grass, \n(Tamil Nadu) on Saccharum officinarum L., Cymbopogon sp. Chloris barbata Sw.; \nPakistan (Rawalpindi) on Sorghum nitidum Pers., S. sudanensis (Piper) Hitch, (Mona ) \non Arundo donax L., (Lasbela, Ambagh) on Panicum antidotale Retz.; Sri Lanka (Uva \nprovince, Wellawa, Kokagala) on grass (Williams, 2004; Kaydan et al., 2004; Garcia et \nal., 2016). This is a newly recorded species from Indonesia. \nDysmicoccus lepelleyi (Betrem) \nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\nMaterial examined . Bengkulu province: 3 ♀♀, Slebar, Bengkulu city, Manilkara \nzapota L., 20 m a.s.l, 03°49'25.2\"S 102°19'08.7\"E , 10.vii.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani \n(AZ230). \nThis is polyphagous species on ornamentals and fruits within  17 families of \nplants such as Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Arecaceae, Asparagaceae, Clusiaceae, \nEuphorbiaceae, Fagaceae, Malvaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Musaceae, Myrtaceae, \nRubiaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, and Zingiberaceae. In Indonesia, the \nspecies was recorded pr eviously from Java (Ben -Dov, 1994; Betrem, 1937; Williams, \n2004), Lombok (Williams, 2004), Sumatra (Williams, 2004). It is also found in \nneighboring countries such as Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. \nFerrisia dasylirii (Cockerell) \nMaterial examined . Bengkulu province: 6 ♀♀, Muara Bangkahulu, Bengkulu city, \nSolanum torvum Swartz, Theobroma cacao L., 20 m a.s.l. 3°45'33.0\"S, 102°16'10.1\"E, \n3.vii.2019, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ245-246).  \n Polyphagous on ornamentals and fruits and known from  23 families and 52 \ngenera. In Indonesia, the species was recorded previously from  Sumatra (Zarkani et al., \n2020) \nFerrisia virgata (Cockerell) \nMaterial examined . Bengkulu province: 3 ♀♀, Muara Bangkahulu, Bengkulu city, \nPsidium guajava  L., 20 m a.s.l., 03°45'3 3.0\"S, 102°16'10.1\"E, 5.iii.2019, Coll. A. \nZarkani (AZ247). \nPolyphagous on ornamentals and fruits; known from  78 plant families and 207 \ngenera. Cosmopolitan: recorded from 101 countries. In Indonesia, the species was \nrecorded previously in Irian Jaya (Gavr ilov-Zimin, 2013; Williams & Watson, 1988a), \nJava (Ben -Dov, 1994; Betrem, 1937; Keuchenius, 1915; Ali, 1968; Williams, 2004), \nSulawesi (Williams, 2004). \nNipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) \nMaterial examined . Bengkulu province: 3 ♀♀, Kampung Melayu, Bengkulu cit y, \nCitrus sp., 10 m a.s.l,  03°54'16.5\"S 102°19'11.7\"E , 18.ii.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani \n(AZ211). \nPolyphagous on ornamentals and fruits; recorded from  45 plant families and 114 \ngenera. Cosmopolitan; reported from 63 countries. In Indonesia, the species was \nrecorded previously in Irian Jaya (Ben-Dov, 1994; CABI, 1983), Java (Ben-Dov, 1994; \nCABI, 1983; Williams, 2004), and Sulawesi (Williams, 2004). \nParacoccus evae Williams \nMaterial examined. Bengkulu province: 3 ♀♀, Sukaraja, Seluma district, Melastoma \nmalabathricum L, 50 m a.s.l, 03°52'00.4\"S, 102°22'51.2\"E , 23.vii.2019, Coll. A. \nZarkani (AZ249). \n This is the second report from Indonesia after Williams (2004) found the species \nin Java on Eupatorium sp., Poaceae. \nPlanococcus dischidiae (Takahashi) \nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\nMaterial examine d. Bengkulu province: 1 ♀, Kabawetan, Kepahiang district, C. \nrobusta, 600 m a.s.l, 0 3°34'54.4\"S, 102°35'33\"E, 12.vi.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ235 -\n239). \n Planococcus dischidiae was firstly found on Dischidia sp. The previous record \nwas from Indonesia (Sulaw esi) (Ben -Dov, 1994; Cox, 1989; Williams, 2004) and \nMalaysia (Ben-Dov, 1994; Takahashi, 1951).  \n \nPlanococcus lilacinus (Cockerell) \nMaterial examined . Bengkulu province: 1 ♀, Muara Bangkahulu, Bengkulu city, \nSaraca asoca  (Roxb.), 20 m a.s.l., 03°45'33.0\"S, 102°16'10.1\"E, 10.ii.2019 & \n15.iii.2020, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ313). \n Polyphagous on ornamentals and fruits; recorded from 73 families and 196 \ngenera. Cosmopolitan: reported from 64 countries. In Indonesia, the species was \nrecorded previously in Irian Jaya ( Ben-Dov, 1994 ) (Williams et al, 1988a), Java \n(Williams, 2004 ), Kalimantan ( Ben-Dov, 1994 ), ( Cox, 1989), Lombok (Williams, \n2004), Sulawesi (Williams, 2004 ), Sumatra ( Ben-Dov, 1994 ; Cox, 1989; Williams, \n2004). \nPseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel & Miller \nMaterial examined . Bengkulu province: 1 ♀, Kabawetan, Kepahiang district, \nSelenicereus undatus  (Haw.) DR Hunt, 600 m a.s.l, 0 3°34'54.4\"S, 102°35'33\"E, \n10.vii.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ227). \nPolyphagous on ornamentals and fruits; reported from  52 families and 1 12 \ngenera. Cosmopolitan: reported from 52 countries. In Indonesia, the species was \nrecorded previously in Flores (Gavrilov -Zimin, 2017), Irian Jaya (Gavrilov -Zimin, \n2013), Java (Williams, 2004) \n*Pseudococcus leptotrichotus Williams \nMaterial examined . Bengkulu province: 12 ♀♀, Kabawetan, Kepahiang district, C. \nrobusta, 600 m a.s.l, 0 3°34'54.4\"S, 102°35'33\"E, 12.vi.2018, Coll. A. Zarkani (AZ235 -\n239). \n This is the first mealybug species recorded from Indonesia which was previously \nreported in Malaysia (Sarawak ) in a leaf nest of Oecophylla sp. ants. In these \nspecimens, P. leptotrichotus were collected on leaf nest on coffee leaves of Oecophylla \nsp. ants and from a soil nest on coffee berries and trees of unidentified black ants.  \nPseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) \nMaterial examined. Bengkulu province: 3 ♀♀, Muara Bangkahulu, Bengkulu city, \nTheobroma cacao  L., 20 m a.s.l., 03°45'33.0\"S, 102°16'10.1\"E, 5.iii.2019, Coll. A. \nZarkani (AZ247). \n Polyphagous on ornamentals and fruits; recorded from  84 families  and 167 \ngenera. Cosmopolitan: reported from 115 countries. In Indonesia, the species was \nrecorded previously in Irian Jaya (Ben -Dov, 1994; Williams, 1988a), Java (Ben -Dov, \n1994; Betrem, 1937), Lombok (Williams, 2004), Sulawesi (Watson et al ., 2014), and \nSumatra (Green, 1930). \nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\nRastrococcus chinensis Ferris \nMaterial examined . Bengkulu province: 12 ♀♀, Singaran Pati, Bengkulu city, \nNephelium lappaceum L., 20 m a.s.l., 03°48'57.9\"S, 102°18'38.9\"E, 12.vi.2018, Coll. A. \nZarkani (AZ168-170. \n The species was recor ded previously on Alocasia sp., Ardisia lindleyana D. \nDietr., Eugenia sp., Melastoma malabathricum L., Morinda umbellata L., Psychotria \nasiatica L., Syzygium sp., Syzygium anomalum Lauterb., Syzygium hancei Merr. & \nPerry. The species was recorded previousl y in Brunei, China,  and Malaysia. In \nIndonesia, the species was recorded previously in Java (Ben-Dov, 1994; Williams,1989; \n2004a). \nRastrococcus invadens Williams \nMaterial examined . Bengkulu province: 12 ♀♀, Kabawetan, Kepahiang district, \nMangifera indica  L., 600 m a.s.l., 0 3°34'54.4\"S, 102°35'33\"E, 12.vi.2018, Coll. A. \nZarkani (AZ235-239). \nPolyphagous on ornamentals and fruits; recorded from  29 families and 54 \ngenera. Cosmopolitan on 32 countries. In Indonesia, the species was recorded \npreviously in Bali (B en-Dov, 1994; Williams, 1989; Williams, 2004), Java (Ben -Dov, \n1994; Williams, 1989, 2004). \nRastrococcus tropicasiaticus Williams \nMaterial examined . Bengkulu province: 1 ♀, Air Periukan, Seluma district,  \nAzadirachta excelsa  (Jack) M. Jacobs, 10 m a.s.l., 3° 59'07.1\"S, 102°25'37.4\"E, \n1.v.2019, Coll. A. Zarkani, (AZ336). \n Zarkani et al . (2021) reported R. tropicasiaticus  on A. excelsa  (Meliaceae), \nCerbera manghas L. (Apocynaceae), Dimocarpus longan Lour. (Sapindaceae), Ficus \nsp. (Moraceae), and Tectona grandis  L. (Lamiaceae) for the first time in Indonesia \n(Bengkulu). T he species is also known to live on woody plants and wild grass in \nsouthern Asia such as Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. \nAcknowledgments \nThe authors wish to thank Dr. Takumasa Kondo (Corporación Colombiana de \nInvestigación Agropecuaria - Agrosavia, Colombia), for his kind help and for critical \nreading of the manuscript. The project was financially supported by the Research and \nCommunity Service Centre, Lembaga Penelitan dan Pengabdian  pada Masyarakat \n(LPPM), The University of Bengkulu with grants No. SP. DIPA -041.012.400977/2020. \nThe writing manuscript was assisted by WCP Dikti Program 2021. \nReferences \nAli, S.M. (1968) Coccids (Coccoidea: Hemiptera: Insecta) affecting fruit plants in B ihar \n(India). 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Mealybugs of Southern Asia . The Natural History Museum, \nLondon, and Southdene SDN BHD, Kuala Lumpur. 896 pp.  \nWilliams, D.J. & Granara de Willink, M.C. (1992) Mealybugs of Central and South \nAmerica. CAB International, Wallingford, 635 pp. \nWilliams, D.J. & Watson, G.W. (1988) The Scale Insects of the Tropical South Pacific \nRegion. Pt. 2. The Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) . CAB International, \nWallingford, U.K., 260 pp. \nWirjati. (1958) On a small mealybug from a virgin forest. Idea, Journal of the \nEntomological Society of Indonesia, 11, 14‒17. \nWirjati. (1959) A new species of  Trionymus found on rice -roots in Java. Idea, Journal \nof the Entomological Society of Indonesia, 12, 14‒19.  \nZarkani, A., Apriyanto, D., Turanli, F. & Kaydan, M.B. (2020) New record of Ferrisa \ndasylirii (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) in Indonesia. \nSerangga, 25 (3), 93‒100. \nZarkani, A., Sunardi, D jamilah, Nadrawati, Ercan, C. & Kaydan, M.B. (2021) First \nrecord of Rastrococcus tropicasiaticus  Williams (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: \nPseudococcidae) in Indonesia. In press: Serangga, 26 (2). \nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\n \nFIGURE 1 . Adult female Dysmicoccus sosromarsonoae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n. \nHolotype \n \nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\n \n \nFIGURE 2.  Dysmicoccus sosromarson oae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n. on Elaeis \nguineensis Jacq. \n \nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\n \nFIGURE 3. Adult female Dysmicoccus zeynepae Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n. Holotype. \nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\n \n \nFIGURE 4.  Dysmicoccus zeynepae  Zarkani & Kaydan sp. n. on (A) Lansium \nparasiticum Corr., (B) Coffea robusta Lindl.Ex De Will, (C) Manilkara \nzapota L., and (D) Durio zibethinus Murr. \n \nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546\n\nAuthor-formatted, not peer-reviewed document posted on 21/09/2021. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e75546","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}