Sodion Induced Interfacial Polarization and π‒π Synergy Enable Irreversible Dye Adsorption in g‒C3N4 Quantum Dot–Embedded Hydrogels

Sodion Induced Interfacial Polarization and π‒π Synergy Enable Irreversible Dye Adsorption in g‒C3N4 Quantum Dot–Embedded Hydrogels | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Sodion Induced Interfacial Polarization and π‒π Synergy Enable Irreversible Dye Adsorption in g‒C 3 N 4 Quantum Dot–Embedded Hydrogels Qi Cui, Xiang Li, Xiaochuan Li, Wenjian Fang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8429060/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 10 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Polymers and the Environment → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Hydrogel-based composites have attracted increasing attention for dye removal owing to their tunable porous networks and excellent recyclability. In this study, two quantum dot/polyacrylamid·e (PAM) hydrogels, g‒C 3 N 4 quantum dot (CNQD/PAM) and TiO 2 quantum dot (TDQD/PAM), were synthesized and systematically compared in terms of their adsorption–desorption behavior toward methylene blue (MB). CNQD/PAM exhibited a significantly higher adsorption capacity, slower desorption rate, and stronger dye retention than TDQD/PAM. Kinetic fitting using a dual-site diffusion–adsorption model revealed that CNQD/PAM possesses a greater fraction of strong and irreversible adsorption sites, while both hydrogels exhibit comparable diffusion resistance. Spectroscopic and pH-dependent analyses further demonstrated that the superior performance of CNQD/PAM originates from the synergistic effects of π‒π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and Na + induced electrostatic attraction. These findings elucidate the mechanism by which alkali-metal-modified g‒C 3 N 4 enhances dye binding in hydrogel composites and provide valuable insights for designing durable, high-capacity, and recyclable adsorption materials. g‒C3N4 quantum dots Hydrogel Interfacial polarization π‒π interaction Electrostatic adsorption Irreversible dye retention Adsorption kinetics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SI.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 10 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Polymers and the Environment → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 30 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 25 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 13 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 07 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 02 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 25 Dec, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 25 Dec, 2025 First submitted to journal 22 Dec, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8429060","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":569063973,"identity":"13bbfbc8-7959-4a1c-bd82-aa907e728065","order_by":0,"name":"Qi Cui","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yangzhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qi","middleName":"","lastName":"Cui","suffix":""},{"id":569063974,"identity":"55fed11b-66ab-42f6-b837-3ea37a26f1a5","order_by":1,"name":"Xiang Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yangzhou 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These findings elucidate the mechanism by which alkali-metal-modified g‒C\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e enhances dye binding in hydrogel composites and provide valuable insights for designing durable, high-capacity, and recyclable adsorption materials.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Sodion Induced Interfacial Polarization and π‒π Synergy Enable Irreversible Dye Adsorption in g‒C3N4 Quantum Dot–Embedded Hydrogels","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-05 10:22:28","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8429060/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-01-30T09:11:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-25T10:50:49+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-13T11:40:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-07T09:28:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"134935063706791496337616957297890332755","date":"2026-01-05T08:00:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"33377638210492484220026890432880876317","date":"2026-01-04T15:49:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"51676049762455308551899651358220521921","date":"2026-01-03T12:00:38+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-02T14:13:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-12-25T21:11:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-12-25T21:11:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","date":"2025-12-23T01:28:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-polymers-and-the-environment","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jooe","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Polymers and the Environment](https://www.springer.com/journal/10924)","snPcode":"10924","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10924/3","title":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"90bead2a-f00c-48c4-af4e-62a0dd26bba2","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 5th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-13T16:06:14+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8429060","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-026-03807-5","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-polymers-and-the-environment","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment"},"publishedOn":"2026-04-10 15:59:04","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 10th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-05 10:22:28","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10924-026-03807-5","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-026-03807-5","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8429060","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8429060","identity":"rs-8429060","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}