Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy for Intrauterine Adhesions and Endometriosis: Potential, Mechanisms, and Future Directions

Si-Han Liu, Si‐Han Liu, Liu SH, Shu-Yang He, He SY, Shuyang He, Ji BQ, Bing‐Qian Ji, Bing-Qian Ji, Zhang XC, Xiang-Cheng Zhang, Xi Zhang, Jing‐Yuan Li, Jing-Yuan Li, Li JY, Quan-Wen Liu
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026 · vol. 40(12) , pp. e72053 · doi:10.1096/fj.202504018rr · PMID:42287087 · W7164680629
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-20 ⓘ

This review summarizes current evidence on mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes for treating intrauterine adhesions and endometriosis, focusing on their therapeutic potential, mechanisms, and future directions.

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Abstract

Intrauterine adhesions (IUA) and endometriosis are debilitating gynecological disorders that impair endometrial function and fertility. IUA, typically caused by iatrogenic trauma to the basal endometrium, leads to fibrosis and infertility, whereas endometriosis, characterized by ectopic endometrial growth, induces chronic inflammation, pain, and subfertility. Current treatments, such as surgical adhesiolysis for IUA and hormonal suppression for endometriosis, frequently fail to address underlying pathological mechanisms, including aberrant fibrosis, inflammatory cascades, and impaired tissue regeneration. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach. Their therapeutic benefits are mediated primarily through paracrine actions, which modulate immune responses, promote tissue repair, and attenuate inflammation and fibrosis. Recent studies have further highlighted the potential of MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) as a cell-free alternative. In this review, we comprehensively summarize current evidence from animal models and clinical studies on the application of MSCs and MSC-Exos in treating IUA and endometriosis, focusing on their therapeutic potential, mechanisms of action, and future directions. We also discuss remaining challenges and promising strategies to overcome them, thereby positioning MSC-based therapies as transformative options for endometrial restoration and disease management.

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MeSH descriptors

Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis

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Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

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